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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Diffusion
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Is the movement of small particles form an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low
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Osmosis
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Is the diffusion of water through the cell membrane
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Passive Transport
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Is the diffusion of small particles through the protein. No energy needed to make happen.
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Active Transport
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Is the movement of small particles through proteins against the normal direction of diffusion. Particles are moved from low concentration to high. Cell must use energy.
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Endocytosis
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Is when the cell membrane surrounds a large particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell. (within the cell)
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Exocytosis
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Is when vesicles are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi complex and carry the large particles to the cell membrane. This process is used to remove large particles from a cell. (outside the cell)
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Photosynthesis
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Is the process when plants are able to capture light energy from the sun and change it into food.
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Cellular Respiration
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Breaks down food molecules in order to release the energy stored using oxygen. Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + energy (ATP)
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Fermentation
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Breaks down food molecules in order to release the energy stored without using oxygen. Produces a small amount of ATP.
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Cell cycle
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Life cycle of a cell
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Chromosome
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Is the structure of DNA and protein of a cell.
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Binary Fission
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A simple cell division in which a cell splits into two. Happens in bacteria (prokaryotic cells).
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Homologous Chromosomes
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Are pairs of similar chromosomes
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Chromotids
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The two copies of the duplicated chromosomes.
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Centromere
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Is the region where the chromatids are held together.
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Mitosis
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Complicated process of chromosome separation. The 2nd stage of the cell cycle in which the new cell receives a copy of each chromosome.
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Cytokinesis
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Is when mitosis is complete and the cytoplasm splits in two. The result is two identical cells that are also identical to the original cell. Last stage of the cell cycle.
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