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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 3 components of a learning disability
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Minimum IQ, Significant difficulty in a school-related area,
Exclusion of severe emotional disorders, second-language background, sensory disabilities, and/or specific neurological deficits |
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What are some possible causes of a learning disease
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Genetics (many tend to run in families)
Environmental influences Problems in integrating information from multiple brain regions Difficulties in brain structures and functions |
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what are some possible causes of ADHD
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Genetics
Brain damage during prenatal or postnatal development Cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development Later peak for cerebral cortex thickening |
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what is seriation
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the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension i.e can they line up sticks according to size. only concrete stage
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what is transitivity
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ability to logically combine relations to understand certain certain conclusions. i.e. one stick is bigger than the other than is the first stick larger than the last
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what is elaboration
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an important strategy that involves engaging in more extensive processing of information
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what is convergent thinking
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produces one correct answer and characterizes the kind of thinking that is required on conventional tests of intelligence
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What is divergent thinking
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produces many different answers to the same question and characterizes creativity
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what is metacognition
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cognition about cognition or knowledge about knowledge
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what is metamemory
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knowledge about memory
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What is the binet test
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first iq test for dumb french kids in schools
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What does iq measure
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metal age divided by chronological age times 100
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what is the wechsler scale
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scales that have 3 different age groups and has verbal and non verbal questions
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what is sternbergs triarchic theory
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states that intelligence comes in three forms, analytical creative and practical
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what is analytical intelligence
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ability to analyze judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast
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what is practical intelligence
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ability to use, apply, implement and put ideas into practice
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what are gardeners eight frames of mind
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verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist
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what are the principles of self determination
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freedom, authority, autonomy, responsibility
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what is preconventional reasoning
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the lowest level of moral reasoning, god and bad are interpreted in terms of external rewards and punishments
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what is Heteronomous morality
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First stage of preconventional reasoning. Moral thinking is tied to punishment
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What is individualism, instumental purpose, and exchange
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Stage 2 of preconventional reasoning. Individuals reason that pursuing their own interests in the right thing to do but
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What is conventional reasoning
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individuals aply certain standards, but they are the standards set by others, such as parents or the government
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What is mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
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Stage 3 of kohlbergs moral development. Individuals value trust, caring and loyalty to others as a basis of moral judgments
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What is social systems morality
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Fourth stage in kohlbergs theory of moral development. Moral judgments are based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty
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What is postconventional reasoning
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Individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then decides on a personal moral code
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What is Social contract or utility and individual rights
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5th stage in kohlbergs moral development. Individuals reason that values, rights and principles undergird or trancend the law. A person evaluates the validity of actual laws, and social systems can be examined in terms of the degree to which they preserve and protect fundamental human rights
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What is the universal ethical principles
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Kohlbergs 6th stage of moral development. The person has developed a moral standard based on universal human rights. Conscience vs. law
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what is the constructivist approach to student learning
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emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher
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what is the direct instruction approach
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a structured, teacher-centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, mastery of acedemic skills, high expectations for students progress, maximum time spent on learning tasks, and effects to keep negative affects to a minimum
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what is hypothetical-deductive reasoning
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in formal operational stage that involves creating a hypothesis and deducing its implications
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what is adolescent egocentrism
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heightened self consciousness of adolescents
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what is imaginary audience
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adolescents belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are
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personal fable
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involves a sense of uniqueness and invincibility
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what is psychosocial moratorium
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the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy
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what is crisis
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defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives. (exploration)
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what are marcias 4 stages of identity status
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Identity confusion, Identity foreclosure, Identity moratorium, and identity achievement
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what are the types of attachment
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secure, anxious, avoidant
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what are the types of temperment associated with children
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easy or difficult, inhibited, and ability to control ones emotions
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what are the types of love
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romantic, affectionate, consummate
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what is romantic love
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passionate love
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what is affectionate love
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companionate love. the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep caring affection for the person
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what are the 3 demensions of sternbergs love triangle
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passion intimacy and commitment
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what is consensual validation
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our own attitudes and values are supported when someone elses attitudes and values are similar to ours
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