Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Non sequitur
|
-"it does not follow"
-stating a conclusion that doesn't follow from the first premise or premises. ex: I've lived in this town a long time-why, my grandfather was the first mayor-so I'm against putting fluoride in the drinking water." |
|
Over simplification
|
-supplying neat and easy explanations for large and complicated phnomena.
ex: "No wonder drug abuseis out of control. Look at how the courts have hobbled police officers" -__ed solutionsare also popular ex: "All these teenage kids that get in trouble with the law-why, they ought to ship 'em over to China. That would straighten 'em out!" |
|
Hasty Generalization
|
leaping to a generalization from inadequate or faulty evidence. The most familiar __ is the stereotype.
ex: "Men aren't sensitive enough to be day-care providers: "Women are too emotional to fight in combat." |
|
Either/or reasoning
|
-assuming that a reality may be divided into only two parts or extremes; assuming that a given problem has only one of two posible solutions
ex: "What's to be done about the trade imbalance with Asia? Either we ban all Asian imports, or American industry will collapse." -obviously, this reasoning is a kind of extreme oversimplification. |
|
Argument from doubtful or unidentified authority
|
ex: "We ought to castrate all sex offendersl Uncle Oswald says we should."
"According to reliable sources, my opponent is lying." |
|
Argument ad hominem
|
-To the man
-attacking a person's views by attacking his or her character. ex: "Mayor Burns is divorced and strange from his family. How can we listen to his pleas for a city nursing home?" |
|
Begging the question
|
-takin for granted from the start what you set out to demonstrate. When you reaon in a logical way, you state that because something's true, then, as a result, some other truth follows. When you __ you repeat that what is true is true (repetition).
ex: If you argue that dogs are a menance to people because they're mean, doesn't prove a thing, since the idea that dogs are dangerous is already assumed in the statement that they are a menace. "I am in college because that is the right thing to do. Going to college is the right thing to do because it is expected of me." |
|
(Post hoc, ergo propter hoc) post hoc
|
-(after this, therefore because of this)assuming that because B follows A, B was caused by A.
ex: "Ever since the city suspended height restrictions on skyscrapers, the city budget has been balanced." |
|
False Analogy
|
-the claim of persuasive likeness when no significant likeness exists. Analogies cannot serve as evidence in a rational argumentbecause they differences outweigh the similarities; but analogies can reinforce such arguments if the subjects are similar in some ways. If not, it's false.
|