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44 Cards in this Set
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- Back
Crohn disease
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chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. Causes diarrhea, cramping, fever. Can affect anywhere from mouth to anus (most often terminal ileum and colon).
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hiatal hernia
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upper part of the stomach protrudes upward thru the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
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ileus
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failure of peristalsis
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diarrhea
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frequent, loose, watery stools.
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viral hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver caused by virus. Symptoms: malaise, anorexia, occasional joint pain; in severe cases: nausea & jaundice.
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ascites
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abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen. Fluid seeps out of bloodstream & collects in peritoneal cavity. Entire stomach looks ballooned, pregnant.
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inguinal hernia
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small loop of bowel protrudes thru a weak place in the lower abdominal muscle wall (groin)
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achalasia
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failure of lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax. Loss of peristalsis occurs, causing dilation & widening of exophagus.
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periodontal disease
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inflammation & degeneration of gums, teeth, & surrounding bone-result of accumulation of dental plaque, dental calculus, tartar; a.k.a. pyorrhea
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volvulus
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twisting of the intestine upon itself. A surgical emergency.
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intussusception
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telescoping of the intestines. A cause of intestinal obstruction; mostly in kids, & in the ileocecal region. Treatment: resection & anastomosis.
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anorexia
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lack of appetite. Often a sign of malignancy or liver disease. (anorexia nervosa-loss of appetite due to emotional problems...an eating disorder)
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gallstones
(cholelithiasis) (choledocholithiasis) |
crystallization of cholesterol & other materials to form stones in the gallbladdder or bile ducts.
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Hepatitis B
(serum hepatitis) |
from B virus, acquired parenterally, thru blood (transfusions, needles, dental/surgical instruments), body fluids (tears, saliva, semen. Vaccine available.
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ulcerative colitis
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chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers. Involves rectal bleeding & pain, associated w/ higher risk of colon cancer
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dysentery
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painful, inflamed intestines. Often in the colon, often from ingested food/water containing bacteria or viruses. Colitis, diarrhea, abdominal cramps occur.
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hernia
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protrusion of an organ or part thru the muscle normally containing it
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jaundice
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a.k.a. icterus; yellow-orange coloration of skin & other tissues from high levels of bilirubin in blood (hyperbilirubinemia). 3 major causes are hemolysis, liver disease & obstruction of bile flow.
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing.
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oral leukoplakia
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white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth. A precancerous condition, often from chronic tobacco & alcohol use
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borborygmus
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rumbling, gurgling noises produced by movement of gas, fluid, or both in GI tract.
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diverticula
(singular: diverticulum) diverticulosis |
abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall. Common location is sigmoid colon. Diverticulitis occurs when undigested food/bacteria becomes trapped there.
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cirrhosis
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chronic disease of the liver w/ degeneration of liver cells. Commonly from alcoholism w/ malnutrition, also infection & poisons.
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anal fistula
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abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus. Usually (not always) opens into rectum.
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constipation
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difficult, delayed elimination of feces. Stools are dry & hard when peristalsis is slow. Laxatives & cathartics (strong laxatives) encourage movement of fees from colon.
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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solids & fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
*heartburn is from regurgitation of hydrochloric acid from stomach to esophagus |
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Hepatitis A
(previously called infectious hepatitis) |
inflammation of liver, caused by type A virus- a benign, acute, self-limited disorder transmitted by infected water & food (virus is excreted in feces)
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anal fissure
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narrow crack or slit in the mucous membrane of the anus.
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odynophagia
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painful swallowing
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colonic polyposis
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polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
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eructation
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belching-expelling of gas from stomach thru mouth. Flatus is gas expelled thru anus. Flatulence-presence of excessive gas in both stomach & intestines.
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hematochezia
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bright, fresh, red blood discharged from the rectum. Associated withrapid bleeding, as from a duodenal ulcer, ulcerative colitis, or hemorrhoids.
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colorectal cancer
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adenocarcinoma of the colon, rectum, or both. Approx. 50% develop in rectosigmoid region
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irritable bowel syndrome
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a group of GI symptoms (diarrhea & constipation, lower ab pain, bloating)associated with stress & tension. a.k.a spastic colon.
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hemorrhoids
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swollen, tortuous veins in the rectal region. Often from chronic constipation, straining; can be internal/external;
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas. Digestive enzymes attack pancreatic tissue.
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steatorrhea
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fat in the feces. May indicate disease of pancreas or small intestine
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melena
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black, tarry stools; feces containing blood. Usually reflects a condition in which blood has had time to be digested.
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ulcer
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open sore or lesion of skin tissue. Peptic ulcers are gastric ulcers & duodenal ulcers.
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Hepatitis C
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transmitted by blood/blood products. Transmission thru sexual contact & from mother to infant is rare.
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esophageal varices
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swollen, tortuous veins in the distal portion of esophagus or upper part of stomach.
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dental caries
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tooth decay
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aphthous stomatitis
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inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers. a.k.a. canker sores;
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herpetic stomatitis
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inflammation of mouth by infection of herpesvirus (gingiva, lips, palate & tongue are affected). a.k.a. fever blisters or cold sores
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