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214 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
DEXAMETHASONE Class
|
Steroid
|
|
DEXAMETHASONE Mechanism of Action
|
prevents accumulation of inflammatory cells at sites of infection or injury.
|
|
DEXAMETHASONE Indications
|
cerebral edema, anaphylaxis, asthma and COPD
|
|
DEXAMETHASONE Contraindications
|
None in the emergency setting.
|
|
DEXAMETHASONE Side Effects
|
Moon face swelling, water retension.
|
|
DEXAMETHASONE Dosage
|
4 - 20mg IV
|
|
DEXAMETHASONE Special Considerations
|
Avoid SC injection; atrophy and sterile abscesses may occur.
|
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DEXAMETHASONE Trade Name
|
Decadron
|
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DIAZEPAM Trade Name
|
Valium
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DIAZEPAM Class
|
Anti-convulsant
|
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DIAZEPAM Mechanism of Action
|
Intensifies activity of gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA), by interfering with its reuptake and promoting its accumulation at neuronal synapses
|
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DIAZEPAM Indications
|
Seizure activity
|
|
DIAZEPAM Contraindications
|
CNS depression
|
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DIAZEPAM Side Effects
|
Respiratory depression
|
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DIAZEPAM Dosage
|
5 - 10mg IV slow
10 - 20mg IM |
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DIAZEPAM Special Considerations
|
Due to short half-life, seizue activity may recur.
|
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KETOROLAC Class
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NSAID
|
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KETOROLAC Trade Name
|
Toradol
|
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KETOROLAC Mechanism of Action
|
Inhibits protaglandin synthesis decreasing swelling and pain
|
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KETOROLAC Indications
|
Mild to moderate
|
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KETOROLAC Contraindications
|
Avtive G.I. Bleeding
|
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KETOROLAC Side Effects
|
G.I. irratability
|
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KETOROLAC Dosage
|
30mg IV, 60mg IM
|
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KETOROLAC Special Considerations
|
Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding. Ketorolac decreases platelet aggregation and thus may prolong bleeding
time |
|
MIDAZOLAM Class
|
Anti-convulsant
|
|
MIDAZOLAM Trade Name
|
Versed
|
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MIDAZOLAM Mechanism of Action
|
Intensifies activity of gamma-aminobenzoic acid (GABA), by interfering with its reuptake and promoting its accumulation at neuronal synapses
|
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MIDAZOLAM Indications
|
Rapid sequence induction (RSI), sedation, cardio conversion
|
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MIDAZOLAM Contraindications
|
CNS depression
|
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MIDAZOLAM Side Effects
|
Respiratory depression
|
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MIDAZOLAM Dosage
|
.02mg/kg up to 5mg max dosage
|
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MIDAZOLAM Special Considerations
|
During IV infusion, inspect injection site for redness, pain,swelling, and other signs of extravasation.
|
|
MEPERIDINE Trade Name
|
Demerol
|
|
MEPERIDINE Class
|
Narcotic Analgesic
|
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MEPERIDINE Mechanism of Action
|
Stimulates opioid receptor sites, decreasing sensitivity to pain
|
|
MEPERIDINE Indications
|
Moderate to severe pain
|
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MEPERIDINE Contraindications
|
Abdominal pain, head injury
|
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MEPERIDINE Side Effects
|
Respiratory depression
|
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MEPERIDINE Dosage
|
50mg IV, 100mg IM
|
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MEPERIDINE Special Considerations
|
Pregnancy Category B
|
|
MORPHINE Trade Name
|
MS Contin
|
|
MORPHINE Class
|
Narcotic Analgesic
|
|
MORPHINE Mechanism of Action
|
Stimulates opioid receptor sites, decreasing sensitivity to pain
|
|
MORPHINE Indications
|
Severe pain, MI
|
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MORPHINE Contraindications
|
Abdominal pain, head injury
|
|
MORPHINE Side Effects
|
Respiratory depression
|
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MORPHINE Dosage
|
2mg/min up to 10mg max dosage
|
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MORPHINE Special considerations
|
Pregnancy Category B
|
|
NITROUS OXIDE Trade Name
|
Nitronox
|
|
NITROUS OXIDE Class
|
Analgesic gas
|
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NITROUS OXIDE Mechanism of Action
|
Decreases sensation of pain
|
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NITROUS OXIDE Indications
|
Mild pain, acute anxiety
|
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NITROUS OXIDE Contraindications
|
Intoxication, COPD, altered LOC
|
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NITROUS OXIDE Side Effects
|
Hypotension
|
|
NITROUS OXIDE Dosage
|
PRN
|
|
NITROUS OXIDE Special considerations
|
Only use nitrous oxide in areas
that are well ventilated. |
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PANCURONIUM Trade Name
|
Pavulon
|
|
PANCURONIUM Class
|
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
|
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PANCURONIUM Mechanism of Action
|
Blocks ACH receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis
|
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PANCURONIUM Indications
|
To facilitate endotracheal intubation
|
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PANCURONIUM Contraindications
|
Inability to control airway
|
|
PANCURONIUM Side Effects
|
Transient hypotension
|
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PANCURONIUM Dosage
|
0.1mg/kg IV slow
|
|
PANCURONIUM Special Considerations
|
Pregnancy Category C
|
|
VECURONIUM Trade Name
|
Norcuron
|
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VECURONIUM Class
|
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
|
|
VECURONIUM Mechanism of Action
|
Blocks ACH receptor sites at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis
|
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VECURONIUM Indications
|
To facilitate endotracheal intubation
|
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VECURONIUM Contraindications
|
Inability to control airway
|
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VECURONIUM Side Effects
|
Transient hypotension
|
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VECURONIUM Dosage
|
0.1mg/kg IV slow
|
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VECURONIUM Special Considerations
|
Pregnancy Category C
|
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Trade Name
|
Anectine
|
|
SUCCINYLCHOLINE Class
|
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
|
|
SUCCINYLCHOLINE Mechanism of Action
|
Mimics ACH at the neuromuscular junction causing constant muscle contractions
|
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SUCCINYLCHOLINE Indications
|
To facilitate endotracheal intubation.
|
|
SUCCINYLCHOLINE Contraindications
|
Inability to control airway
|
|
SUCCINYLCHOLINE Side Effects
|
Hypotension, respiratory depression
|
|
SUCCINYLCHOLINE Dosage
|
1 - 2 mg/kg
|
|
SUCCINYLCHOLINE Special Considerations
|
Rapid action, short term. Premedication with lidocaine will prevent dysrhythmias
|
|
MANNITOL Trade Name
|
Osmitrol
|
|
MANNITOL Class
|
Osmotic diuretic
|
|
MANNITOL Mechanism of Action
|
Increases intravascular volume through osmosis due to its high molecular weight
|
|
MANNITOL Indications
|
Cerebral edema
|
|
MANNITOL Contraindications
|
Chronic renal failure, cerebral hemorrhage
|
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MANNITOL Side Effects
|
excessive urination
|
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MANNITOL Dosage
|
1g/kg
|
|
MANNITOL Special Considerations
|
Very thick, use 14 gauge needles. Pregnancy category C
|
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ADENOSINE Trade Name
|
Adenocard
|
|
ADENOSINE Class
|
Antidysrhythmic
|
|
ADENOSINE Mechanism of Action
|
Slows SVT by decreasing electrical conduction through the AV node without causing negative inotropic effects
|
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ADENOSINE Indications
|
Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)
|
|
ADENOSINE Contraindications
|
A-Fib, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
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ADENOSINE Side Effects
|
Transient Asystole, transient chest pain
|
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ADENOSINE Special considerations
|
Very short half-life of about 10 seconds.
|
|
AMIODARONE Trade Name
|
Cordarone
|
|
AMIODARONE Class
|
Antidysrhythmic
|
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AMIODARONE Mechanism of Action
|
decreases excitability and sensitivity of the heart, causing negative dromotropism.
|
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AMIODARONE Indications
|
All dysrhythmias
|
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AMIODARONE Contraindications
|
Heart block
|
|
AMIODARONE Side Effects
|
Hypotension
|
|
AMIODARONE Special Considerations
|
Do not shake medication before using
|
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ASPIRIN Trade Name
|
St Joseph Children’s
|
|
ASPIRIN Class
|
Analgesic, Anti-platelet
|
|
ASPIRIN Mechanism of Action
|
Inhibits prostoglandin systhesis and platelet aggregation
|
|
ASPIRIN Indications
|
chest pain
|
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ASPIRIN Contraindications
|
G.I. Bleed
|
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ASPIRIN Side effects
|
upset stomach
|
|
ASPIRIN Special Considerations
|
Gastric irritation may be minimized by administering with
a full glass of water (240 mL), or with milk, food, or antacid |
|
ATROPINE Trade Name
|
Atropine
|
|
ATROPINE Class
|
Parasympatholytic
|
|
ATROPINE Mechanism of Action
|
selectively blocks all muscarinic responses to
acetylcholine (ACh) causing a decrease in Parasympathetic response (SLUDGE) |
|
ATROPINE Indications
|
Bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning
|
|
ATROPINE Contraindications
|
None in emergency situations
|
|
ATROPINE Side Effects
|
Tachycardia
|
|
ATROPINE Special Considerations
|
Atropine is indicated only after
oxygen and epinephrine fail. |
|
BRETYLIUM Trade Name
|
Bretylol
|
|
BRETYLIUM Class
|
Antidysrhythmic
|
|
BRETYLIUM Mechanism of Action
|
Causes a release of norepinephrine, depresses v-fib and v-tach by blocking adrenergic receptor sites
|
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BRETYLIUM Indications
|
v-fib, v-tach
|
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BRETYLIUM Contraindications
|
none in life threatening dysrhythmias
|
|
BRETYLIUM Side Effects
|
transite hypertension
|
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BRETYLIUM Special Considerations
|
Bretylium has been removed from ACLS algorithms
|
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DILTIAZEM Trade name
|
Cardizem
|
|
DILTIAZEM Class
|
Calcium channel blocker
|
|
DILTIAZEM Mechanism of Action
|
Inhibits calcium ION influx during depolarization causing negative dromotropism
|
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DILTIAZEM Indications
|
SVT, A-fib, unstable angina
|
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DILTIAZEM Contraindications
|
2nd or 3rd degree heart block, BP < 90 systolic
|
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DILTIAZEM Side Effects
|
Hypotension, bradycardia
|
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DILTIAZEM Special Considerations
|
Calcium chloride can be used in overdose situations.
|
|
DOPAMINE Trade Name
|
Intropin
|
|
DOPAMINE Class
|
Sympathomimetic
|
|
DOPAMINE Mechanism of Action
|
Acts on dopaminergic receptors causing renal, mesenteric and cerebral vasodialation.
|
|
DOPAMINE Indications
|
Cardiogenic shock
|
|
DOPAMINE Contraindications
|
Hypovolemic shock
|
|
DOPAMINE Side Effects
|
Hypertension
|
|
DOPAMINE Special Considerations
|
Pregnancy catagory C
|
|
EPINEPHRINE Trade Name
|
Adrenaline
|
|
EPINEPHRINE Class
|
Sympathomimetic
|
|
EPINEPHRINE Mechanism of Action
|
Acts directly on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, imitating actions of the sympathetic nervous system
|
|
EPINEPHRINE Indications
|
Anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest
|
|
EPINEPHRINE Contraindications
|
cardiogenic shock
|
|
EPINEPHRINE Side Effects
|
Transient dysrhythmias
|
|
EPINEPHRINE Special Considerations
|
Pregnancy Category C
|
|
FUROSEMIDE Trade Name
|
Lasix
|
|
FUROSEMIDE Class
|
Loop diuretic
|
|
FUROSEMIDE Mechanism of Action
|
Inhibits reabsorbtion of sodium chloride in the proximal tubule and loop of henle
|
|
FUROSEMIDE Indication
|
Pulmonary edema, CHF
|
|
FUROSEMIDE Contraindications
|
Chronic renal failure, hypovolemia
|
|
FUROSEMIDE Side effects
|
Dehydration, hypotension
|
|
FUROSEMIDE Special Considerations
|
Pregnancy Category C
|
|
ISOPROTERENOL Trade Name
|
Isuprel
|
|
ISOPROTERENOL Class
|
Sympathomimetic
|
|
ISOPROTERENOL Mechanism of Action
|
stimulation of beta1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors, causing positive inotropic and chronotropic effects
|
|
ISOPROTERENOL Indications
|
Bradycardia
|
|
ISOPROTERENOL Contraindications
|
Cardiogenic shock
|
|
ISOPROTERENOL Side Effects
|
Tachycardia
|
|
ISOPROTERENOL Special Considerations
|
Can potentially cause
cardiac toxicity |
|
LABETALOL Trade Name
|
Trandate
|
|
LABETALOL Class
|
Beta Blocker
|
|
LABETALOL Mechanism of Action
|
Adrenergic-receptor blocking agent that combines selective alpha activity and nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking actions
|
|
LABETALOL Indications
|
Acute hypertensive crisis
|
|
LABETALOL Contraindications
|
Asthma
|
|
LABETALOL Side Effects
|
Hypotension
|
|
LABETALOL Special Considerations
|
Do not use with IV calcium channel blockers.
|
|
LIDOCAINE Trade Name
|
Xylocaine
|
|
LIDOCAINE Class
|
Antidysrhythmic
|
|
LIDOCAINE Mechanism of Action
|
Negative dromotropism, decreases sensitivy
|
|
LIDOCAINE Indications
|
V-tach, V-fib, PVCs
|
|
LIDOCAINE Contraindications
|
Bradycardia, heart block
|
|
LIDOCAINE Side Effects
|
Hypotension, toxicity
|
|
LIDOCAINE Special Considerations
|
Also used as a local anesthetic
|
|
NITROGLYCERIN Trade Name
|
Nitrostat
|
|
NITROGLYCERIN Class
|
Nitrate
|
|
NITROGLYCERIN Mechanism of Action
|
Decreases load on heart through arterial vasodilation,
|
|
NITROGLYCERIN Indications
|
Angina, MI
|
|
NITROGLYCERIN Contraindications
|
BP<90, recent viagra use
|
|
NITROGLYCERIN Side Effects
|
Hypotension, tachycardia
|
|
NITROGLYCERIN Special Considerations
|
Do not expose to light, do not handle without gloves
|
|
NOREPINEPHRINE Trade Name
|
Levophed
|
|
NOREPINEPHRINE Class
|
Sympathomimetic
|
|
NOREPINEPHRINE Mechanism of Action
|
A potent vasoconstrictor, alpha1 and beta1 agonist.
|
|
NOREPINEPHRINE Indications
|
Cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock
|
|
NOREPINEPHRINE Contraindications
|
Hypotension, hypovolemia
|
|
NOREPINEPHRINE Side Effects
|
Hypertension
|
|
NOREPINEPHRINE Special Considerations
|
Avoid extravasation as tissue necrosis may occur, last line drug to maintain perfusion
|
|
PROCAINAMIDE Trade Name
|
Pronestyl
|
|
PROCAINAMIDE Class
|
Antidysrhythmic
|
|
PROCAINAMIDE Mechanism of Action
|
Causes negative dromotrope by depressing the excitability of the myocardium to electrical stimulation
|
|
PROCAINAMIDE Indications
|
ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
|
|
PROCAINAMIDE Contraindications
|
Heart block
|
|
PROCAINAMIDE Side Effects
|
Hypotension
|
|
PROCAINAMIDE Special Considerations
|
Discontinue when QRS complex widened (greater than 50%)or BP drops 15 mm Hg or more.
|
|
PROPRANOLOL Trade Name
|
Inderal
|
|
PROPRANOLOL Class
|
Beta blocker
|
|
PROPRANOLOL Mechanism of Action
|
blocks cardiac
effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation; as a result, reduces heart rate, myocardial irritability and force of contraction |
|
PROPRANOLOL Indications
|
Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
|
|
PROPRANOLOL Contraindications
|
Heart Block
|
|
PROPRANOLOL Side Effects
|
bradycardia, Visual disturbances, impotence
|
|
PROPRANOLOL Special Considerations
|
Use glucogon as treatment for overdose
|
|
VASOPRESSIN Trade Name
|
Pitressin
|
|
VASOPRESSIN Class
|
Hormone
|
|
VASOPRESSIN Mechanism of Action
|
Vasopressin produces concentrated urine by increasing tubular reabsorption of
water (ADH activity) |
|
VASOPRESSIN Indications
|
To increase peripheral vascular resistance during CPR
|
|
VASOPRESSIN Contraindications
|
chronic nephritis accompanied by
nitrogen retention |
|
VASOPRESSIN Side Effects
|
hypertension, bradycardia
|
|
VASOPRESSIN Special Considerations
|
It may be useful in septic shock
|
|
VERAPAMIL Trade Name
|
Calan
|
|
VERAPAMIL Class
|
Calcium channel blocker
|
|
VERAPAMIL Mechanism of Action
|
Inhibits calcium ION influx during depolarization causing negative dromotropism
|
|
VERAPAMIL Indications
|
SVT, A-fib, unstable angina
|
|
VERAPAMIL Contraindications
|
2nd or 3rd degree heart block, BP < 90 systolic
|
|
VERAPAMIL Side Effects
|
Hypotension, bradycardia
|
|
VERAPAMIL Special Considerations
|
Transient asymptomatic hypotension may accompany IV
bolus |