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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Amnioserosa |
Gives rise to an extra embryonic membrane on the dorsal side of the embryi |
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What does the dorsal ectoderm give rise to? |
Larval epidermis |
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Patterning occurs within a________,________ blastoderm |
Multinucleate, syncytial |
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MRnas and proteins synthesized and laid down in the egg by the mother |
Maternal factors |
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Genes expressed in the embryo's own nuclei during development |
Zygotic genes |
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Three classes of maternal genes that specify the antero-posterior axis |
Those that affect anterior, posterior, and terminal regions |
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Mutations Lead to loss of head and thoracic structures |
Bicoid |
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Location of bicoid |
Anterior |
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Mutations would cause loss of abdominal structures |
Nanos |
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Class of genes that would affect acron and telson formation |
Terminal genes |
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Biocid mRNA gradient is present where? |
Egg cortex |
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Technique used to observe bicoid mRNA localization |
In situ hybridization |
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Germplasm |
Cytoplasm that contains germline factors |
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When is Nanos translated? |
After fertilization |
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When is bicoid translated? |
After fertilization |
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Function of nanos |
Suppress translation of hunchback mRNA in the posterior |
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Location where bicoid must be active |
Anterior |
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How does Nanos protein prevent hunchback mRNA translation? |
Binds to a complex of mRNA and pumilio protein |
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Function of caudal |
Bicoid binds to 3'UTR of Caudal mRNA, causing suppression mostly at anterior and increased expression in posterior |
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Result of caudal gene mutations |
Abnormal development of abdominal segments |
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Receptor that sends a signal to adjacent cytoplasm and signals then as terminal |
Torso |
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Effect of torso mutations |
Embryos lacking terminal regions |
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Ligand of torso |
Fragment of trunk |
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What deposits trunk mRNA in the egg? |
Nurse cells |
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Where is trunk protein secreted? |
Perivitelline space |
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Where does trunk processing occur? |
Poles of the egg |
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Receptors that the torso protein is made of |
Receptor tyrosine kinases |
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What does the signal brought upon by torso do? |
Directs activation of zygotic genes in nuclei at both poles, thus defining the two ends of the embryo |
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Receptor involved in dorso ventral axis organization |
Toll |
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Ligand of toll |
Spatzle |
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Key gene in localized processing of spatzle |
Pipe |
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What enzyme does pipe code for? |
Heparan sulfate sulfotransferase |
