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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Strecker Synthesis |
Formation of amino acid from aldehyde or ketone. 1. NH3 in presence of H+ 2. KCN in presence of H+ 3. Hydrolysis to alpha amino acid * more efficient, lots of protonating |
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Gabriel Synthesis |
Formation of a primary amine from an alkyl halide using thalamide. 1. SN2 using thalamide as Nu to alkalate 2. Hydrolysis giving COOH and NH3 groups 3. Heat decarboxylates leaving alpha amino acid |
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Non-Polar, aliphatic R groups |
No Polar bears in Las Vegas, plenty of Meth. Go to Alaska . Isoleucine, valine, proline, methionine, glycine, alanine |
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Aromatic R group Amino Acids |
Terrible Toilet Paper Tryptophan, Tyrosine, phenylalanine Relatively hydrophobic |
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Polar, uncharged amino acids |
Supreme Court- Dont Charge the polar bears, they aren't guilty. (they're just MEAN-INES) Serine, Cysteine, Threonine, Asparagine, Glutamine Hydrophilic- because of the ability to form hydrogen bonds with water |
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Positive Charged R groups |
Postive= LAugH Lysine, Arginine, Histidine *4 carbons |
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Negatively charged R groups |
Negative= ArGggg Aspartate, Glutamate |
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Absolute configuration |
amine to the left (L), carboxyl up, R group down on a fischer projection. If amine in on the right (D) very rare in biological systems |
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Dipolar/ Diprotic nature |
Amino acid can be in three forms 1. Acid Fully protonated NH3+ and COOH 2. Zwitter Ion- COO- and NH3+ 3. Basic form COO- and NH3 |
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PI |
pH at equivalence point where Zwitter ion in present |
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Glycine |
GLY G |
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Alanine |
ALA A non-polar, aliphatic |
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Proline |
PRO P non-polar, aliphatic |
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Valine |
VAL V non-polar, aliphatic |
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Leucine |
LEU L non-polar, aliphatic |
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Isoleucine |
ILE I non-polar, aliphatic |
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Methionine |
MET M non-polar, aliphatic |
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Phenylalanine |
PHE F Aromatic |
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Tyrosine |
TYR Y Aromatic |
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Tryptophan |
TRP W Aromatic |
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Serine |
SER S Polar, uncharged Neutral |
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Threonine |
THR T Polar, Uncharged Neutral |
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Cysteine |
CYS C Polar, uncharged neutral |
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Asparagine |
ASN N polar, uncharged neutral |
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Glutamine |
GLN Q Polar, uncharged neutral |
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Lysine |
LYS K positive charged hydrophilic |
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Arginine |
ARG R positive charged hydrophilic |
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Histidine |
HIS H postive charged hydrophilic |
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Aspartate |
ASP D negative charge hydrophilic |
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Glutamate |
GLU E negative charge hydrophilic |
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Which amino acid is achiral? |
glycine |
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L or D orientation? |
In humans amino acids are in L form Example of D orientation are rare- some proteins in bacterial membrane |
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R or S? |
All amino acids are S (counter-clockwise in fischer projection) with the exception of cystine |
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PI (amino acids) |
The PI=Isoelectric Point
In neutral amino acids this is when the molecules are electrically neutral or the carboxyl group has deprotonated but the amine has not. |
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Calculating pI |
the average of the closest pKa values. Neutral amino acids pI ~6 Positive amino acids pI >6 Negative amino acids pI<6 |
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Negative Amino Acids are _____ because they give up _____ quickly and below pH of ___ |
acidic, H+s, 7 |
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Postive amino acids are ______ because at neutral pH they are still accepting ____ |
basic, H+ |