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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
triose |
three-carbon sugar |
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tetrose |
four-carbon sugar |
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aldose |
sugars with aldehydes as their most oxidized group (most important) |
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ketose |
sugars with ketones as their most oxidized group (most important) |
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D-sugars |
sugars with highest numbered chiral carbon with -OH group on the RIGHT in a fischer projection |
|
L-sugars |
sugars with highest numbered chiral carbon with -OH group on the LEFT in a fischer projection |
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diastereomers |
nonsuperimposable configurations of molecules with similar connectivity differ at at least one, but not all, chiral carbons |
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epimers |
subtype of diastereomers, differ at exactly one chiral carbon |
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anomers |
subtype of epimers that differ at the anomeric carbon |
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anomeric carbon |
new chiral center formed in a ring closure (the carbon containing the carbonyl in the straight-chain form) |
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alpha-anomers |
have -OH on anomeric carbon trans to the free CH2OH group (opposite sides of the ring) |
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beta-anomers |
have the -OH group on the anomeric carbon cis to the free -CH2OH group (same side of the ring) |
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mutarotation |
cyclic compounds shift from one anomeric form to another with the straight-chain form as an intermediate |
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main reactions of monosaccharides |
oxidation-reduction, esterification, glycoside formation |
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aldoses can be oxidized to _____, reduced to _____ |
aldonic acids; alditols |
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deoxy sugars |
sugars with -H replacing -OH |
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cellulose |
main structural component for plant cell walls, main source of fiber in human diet |
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starches |
amylose, amylopectin, function as main energy storage form for plants |
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glycogen |
functions as main energy storage form for animals |