Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nonviolent hostility between the U.S. & Soviet Union that arose during the 1950s.
|
Cold War
|
|
Emerged from World War II as superpowers.
|
U.S. & Soviet Union
|
|
Resulted in competing Communist & Western alliances.
|
Cold War
|
|
The competition that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world.
|
Cold War
|
|
Political conflict and military tension that characterized the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union for nearly 50 years after World War II.
|
Cold War
|
|
At Yalta, Roosevelt and Churchill clashed with Stalin over his refusal to allow free elections in ______.
|
Poland
|
|
One contributing factor to the Cold War was the fact that Stalin broke a promise he had made at Yalta for ___________.
|
free elections in Eastern Europe
|
|
After World War II the United States objected to the Soviet domination of ________.
|
Poland in particular (Eastern Europe in general)
|
|
At this conference, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decided to divide defeated Germany into four sectors.
|
Yalta
|
|
The occupation zones resulted in a democratic and a communist _________.
|
Germany
|
|
Democratic Germany
|
West Germany
|
|
Communist Germany
|
East Germany
|
|
In addition to dividing Germany after WWII ________ was also divided.
|
Berlin
|
|
West Berlin was completely surrounded by ________.
|
East Germany
|
|
He was determined that Germany would never threaten his nation again.
|
Joseph Stalin
|
|
Took control of several Eastern European countries after World War II.
|
Soviet Union
|
|
He defied Stalin and ruled Yugoslavia relatively free of Soviet interference.
|
Tito
|
|
In Eastern Europe they were nations controlled politically and economically by the Soviet Union
|
satellite nations
|
|
Division of Europe into Communist and Democratic regions.
|
Iron Curtain
|
|
Was created so people could not escape to West Berlin.
|
Berlin wall
|
|
In East Germany, Poland, Hungary, & Czechoslovakia there were revolts against____.
|
Soviet domination
|
|
The imaginary line that divided Europe between capitalist West and Communist East
|
iron curtain
|
|
Philosophical "wall" of Soviet domination and oppression.
|
iron curtain
|
|
In 1946, HE proclaimed that an Iron curtain separated Communist Eastern Europe from capitalist Western Europe.
|
Winston Churchill
|
|
U.S. policy of resistance to Soviet attempts at expanding communism.
|
containment
|
|
Policy developed by American leaders after WWII, to resist and stop the spread of communism.
|
containment
|
|
A promise to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.
|
Truman Doctrine
|
|
Pressure by Communists on Turkey and Greece led to the ______.
|
Truman Doctrine
|
|
As a result of the Truman Doctrine congress approved $400 million to help what two countries resist Soviet influence?
|
Turkey & Greece
|
|
Doctrine giving military and economic aid to help countries block communist takeovers.
|
Truman Doctrine
|
|
The Truman doctrine was in effect the policy of _____.
|
containment
|
|
U.S. leaders attempted to keep communism from spreading to other nations in a policy of ______.
|
containment
|
|
As Secretary of State HE drafted a plan to help European nations rebuild after World War II.
|
George Marshall
|
|
Pledged American financial aid to all European nations following World War II.
|
Marshall Plan
|
|
The U.S. gave massive economic aid which revived Western European economies after WWII.
|
Marshall Plan
|
|
One goal of the Marshall Plan was to create stable democracies that could ______.
|
resist communism
|
|
In response to the Marshall Plan the Soviet Union ________.
|
refused to participate
|
|
After World War II the Soviet Union attempted to rebuild in ways that would protect its ____.
|
own interest
|
|
Because West Berlin had become an escape route to the West the Soviet Union attempted to force the Allies to _________.
|
abandon it
|
|
Provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.
|
Berlin airlift
|
|
Means for of transporting supplies around the Soviet blockade.
|
Berlin airlift
|
|
When the Soviet's blockaded West Berlin President Truman responded with the _____.
|
Berlin airlift
|
|
Both the U.S. & the Soviet Union formed them with the countries they protected or occupied.
|
military alliances.
|
|
It was formed in 1949 by a number of nations to protect themselves from possible Soviet aggression.
|
NATO
|
|
NATO was based on the principal of ______.
|
collective security
|
|
NATO
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
|
|
Principal of mutual military assistance.
|
collective security
|
|
Consisted of the U.S. and its Western European allies.
|
NATO
|
|
Part of the reason for the development of NATO was the Veto power of the Soviet Union in the _________.
|
United Nations Security Council
|
|
A military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations.
|
Warsaw Pact
|
|
Two events in 1949 that heightened American's concern about the Cold War.
|
Successful Soviet test of an Atomic bomb and Communist taking control of China.
|
|
In response to the Soviet Union's deployment of an atomic bomb Truman approved the development of the _________.
|
Hydrogen Bomb
|
|
After Japan's defeat civil war resumed in China between the ____________.
|
Communists & Nationalists
|
|
Leader of the Communists in China after WWII.
|
Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)
|
|
Leader of the Nationalists in China after WWII.
|
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek)
|
|
Communists won control of mainland China in _____. (year)
|
1949
|
|
The communists won in China in large part because they won the support of the _____.
|
peasants
|
|
Leader of the Communist forces that took control of China in 1949.
|
Mao Zedong
|
|
After China fell to Mao Zedong some members of congress called for the protection of the ____.
|
rest of Asia
|
|
The success of communists in other parts of the world produced a fear that communists were living in ________.
|
the United States
|
|
Truman's Federal Employee Loyalty Program was intended to expose _____.
|
Communists
|
|
Committee that probed the government for Communist infiltration.
|
HUAC
|
|
HUAC
|
House Un-American Activities Committee
|
|
In the late 1940s, IT investigated the motion picture industry for Communist influences.
|
HUAC
|
|
Members of the House Un-American Activities Committee charged numerous Hollywood figures with being sympathetic to _______.
|
Communist ideas
|
|
Invoking their constitutional rights they refused to answer questions from the HUAC.
|
Hollywood Ten
|
|
The Hollywood ten were cited for contempt of congress and served _____.
|
jail terms
|
|
Were compiled by studios in Hollywood as a result of the HUAC investigations.
|
blacklists
|
|
A list of the names of people whom employers agree not to hire.
|
blacklist
|
|
Accused of being a Communist by Whittaker Chambers. He was convicted of perjury and his conviction emboldened those searching for communist .
|
Alger Hiss
|
|
Their trial and execution in 1952 intensified the fear of communism as an internal threat to the United States.
|
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
|
|
Senator Joseph McCarthy's hearings were intended to expose _____.
|
Communists
|
|
The federal government's hunt for communist within the U.S. resulted in the violation many people's ______.
|
civil rights
|
|
The activities of the HUAC and McCarthyism were part of the ______.
|
Second Red Scare
|
|
Part of the reason for the Korean War was the communist victory in the ________.
|
Chinese Civil War
|
|
Country that controlled Korea for much of the first half of the twentieth century.
|
Japan
|
|
Asian country that was divided into two after World War II, one half with a pro-American government, the other with a pro-communist government.
|
Korea
|
|
After WWII the U.S. and Soviet forces agreed to divide this nation at the 38th parallel.
|
Korea
|
|
Communist Dictator of North Korea after WWII.
|
Kim Il Sung
|
|
The North Koreans attacked the South in June of _________.
|
1950
|
|
Americans believed that the North Korean invasion of South Korea was motivated by the ____.
|
Soviet Union
|
|
Because of the absence of the Soviet Union it condemned the North Korean invasion and used a force made up mostly of U.S. troops to fight the North Koreans.
|
United Nations
|
|
Passed a resolution that supported efforts to defend South Korea and restore peace.
|
United Nations
|
|
The North Koreans overran most of the South until they were stopped by the U.N. forces, the U.N. forces then counter attacked and drove back close to the ______.
|
Chinese border
|
|
After Mao Zedong sent hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops to help the North Koreans the U.N. forces were driven back to the _____.
|
38th parallel
|
|
American General who led the United Nations forces during the Korean War.
|
Douglas MacArthur
|
|
General MacArthur wanted to break the stalemate in Korea by attacking the ______.
|
Chinese mainland
|
|
When Truman opposed his strategy of attacking China during the Korean War he appealed to the Speaker of the House.
|
Douglas MacArthur
|
|
When General MacArthur's appeal to the speaker of the House was made public Truman _____.
|
fired MacArthur
|
|
The Korean War turned into a stalemate and both sides signed an armistice to end fighting in ____. (year)
|
1953
|
|
After the Korean War nearly two million North and South Koreans remained dug in on either side of the _____.
|
demilitarized zone (DMZ)
|
|
After the Korean war the boundaries between North and South Korea returned to their ____.
|
pre-war status
|
|
It did result in South Korea remaining free of communism.
|
Korean War
|
|
Individual most responsible for spreading a fear of Communism in the United states.
|
Joseph McCarthy
|
|
Senator Joseph McCarthy's power faded after he appeared on television in the ________.
|
Army-McCarthy hearings
|
|
Revolutionary leader who in 1959 overthrew the Cuban dictatorship.
|
Fidel Castro
|
|
Eisenhower halted exports to Cuba when Fidel Castro seized _______.
|
American property
|
|
One reason the U.S. became involved in the affairs of the Middle East after World War II was to prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling under _______.
|
Soviet influence
|
|
The United States acted to oppose Soviet influence in the Middle East under _____.
|
President Eisenhower
|
|
Jews had been driven out of what is today Palestine in the first century, but started to return in the _______.
|
1800s
|
|
The Holocaust created worldwide support for a _______.
|
Jewish Homeland in Palestine
|
|
After WWII Jews migrated in large numbers to ______.
|
Palestine
|
|
The U.N. drew up a plan to divide Palestine into an ______.
|
Arab and a Jewish state
|
|
Rejected the idea of a Jewish state in Palestine.
|
Arabs
|
|
When Britain withdrew from Palestine the Jews proclaimed the independent state of ______.
|
Israel
|
|
After Israel declared its independence the Arabs ______.
|
launched the first of several wars against them
|
|
Victors in the Arab Israeli wars.
|
Israel
|
|
A major goal of the U.S. policy in Latin America during the Cold War was to protect American _________.
|
financial investments
|
|
The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union to gain weapons superiority.
|
arms race
|
|
Event that did the most produce fear in Americans of an attack by the Soviet Union.
|
Soviet Union successfully testing an atomic bomb
|
|
Within a year of the U.S. exploding its first thermonuclear device the Soviet Union successfully tested its own _______.
|
Hydrogen Bomb
|
|
The policy of making the military power of the U.S. and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack it for fear of retaliation.
|
deterrence.
|
|
The ability to come to the verge of war without actually going to war.
|
brinkmanship
|
|
Secretary of State who made it clear that the United States would risk war to protect its national interests.
|
John Foster Dulles
|
|
Policy of being willing to risk war to protect national interests.
|
brinkmanship
|
|
Secretary of state who developed the policy of brinkmanship.
|
John Foster Dulles
|
|
The U.S. lagged behind the Soviet Union in missile development because of its reliance on ___________.
|
aircraft to carry nuclear weapons
|
|
The size of the technology gap between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the area of missiles became apparent in 1957 when the Soviets used a rocket to launch the first artificial satellite ______.
|
Sputnik
|