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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The amount of nutrients required by an animal |
Feeding standards |
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Is agreed to be the average amount reqiired for a particular function |
Nutrient requirements |
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Is greater than the nutrient requirement by a safety margin |
Nutrient allowance |
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Is a state where the animal's body composition remains constant and does not perform or give rise to any products such as milk |
Maintenance |
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The minimum quantity promoting zero energy balance |
Maintenance requirement |
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When the animal uses its body reserves for maintenance |
Negative energy balance |
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When the animal uses its nitrogen reserves when fed dueing a nitrogen free diet |
Negative nitrogen balance |
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Heat that leaves the body from the energy expended in the maintenancd |
Basal metabolism |
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Heat produced from digestion of food |
Heat increment |
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Major route by which water vapor is lost |
Respiratory tract |
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The nitrogen in feces consisiting of enzymes and sloughed cells from digestive tract and from microbial residues |
Metabolic faecal nitrogen |
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The typical byproduct of amino acid catabolism, which arises from body proteins |
Urea |
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Represents the smallest lost of body nitrogen commensurate with the existence of animal |
Endogenous urinary nitrogen |
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Can be used to estimate the nitrogen requirements for maintenance |
Endogenous urinary nitrogen |
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Urine non ruminants is excreted in the form of? |
Microbial residues |
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Protein requirements for maintenance in ruminants can generally be met by |
Microbial protein synthesis |
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Urinary nitrogen excreted in excess of the endogenous component |
Exogenous urinary nitrogen |
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The relationship between tissues weights and body weight can be described by so called? |
Allometric equations |
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Liveweight minus gut and bladder contents |
Empty body weight |
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The live weight that would be achieved by the animal when skeletal development is complete and the condition score is in the middle range |
Standard reference weight |
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Three amino acids required in the pigs'diet |
Lysine, methionine, threonine |
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Where certain amino acids are locsted and taken into account |
Terminal ileum |
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Glycine in chicks is inceeased by? |
Low on methionine, argenine or B vitamins |
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Phenylalanine can be derived from? |
Tyrosine |
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Two interconvertible amino acids |
Glycine and Serine |
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Limiting amino acid of horsed and pigs |
Lysine |
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Limiting amino acid for chi ks |
Methionine, lysine and arginine |
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Grow from follicles formed by invagination of the epidernmis |
Wool fibers |
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Have stored energy from glycogen and glutamine which can be released by aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis |
Follicles |
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Woll fibers contains |
Keratin which has Cystine |
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Is produced by the sebaceous glands and consist mainly of esters |
Wool wax |
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The secretion of sudoriferous glands with mixture of inorganic salts |
Suint |
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Two amino acids for wool production |
Cystine and Methionine |
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Deficiency in this mjneral causes crimp or waviness in wool and restrict the formation of melanin |
Copper |
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Deficiencg causes brittle wool fibers |
Zinc |
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The only vitamin that doesnt affect wool |
Cyanocobalamin |
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Most common minerals to be deficient |
Ca and P |
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This vitamin results in prolonging shelf life |
Tocopherol |
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A and D is proportional to? |
Liveweight |
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B and E is concerned with |
Metabolism |
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Where is vitamin B synthesized |
Alimentary tract |
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Is described as the pace maker of animal production |
Energy |
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These are hormones that alter the partition between protein and fat deposition. |
Repartitioning agents |
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Proteins that are not degraded in the rumen but digestible in the lower gut |
Digestible undegradable protein |
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Less fat but more muscle within 28 weeks |
High low |
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More fat but less muscle |
Low high |
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The main factor that influence body composition and nutrient requirements |
Animal weight |