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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pollakiuria
-define |
-increased frequency of urination
*not associated with polyuria |
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Dysuria
-define |
-difficulty urinating
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Stranguria
-define |
-straining during urination
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Periuria
-define |
-urinating in abnormal/inappropriate location
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Hematuria
-define |
RBCs in urine
-gross -microscopic |
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Hematuria
-microscopic significant concentration |
> 5 RBCs/hpf in urine sediment
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Lower Urinary Tract Inflammation
-causes |
-bacterial cystitis
-others: uroliths, uracheal remnants, bladder tumors and polyps, prostatitis, urethritis, idiopathic cystitis in cats -NB: bacterial UTI rare in healthy, young cats with normal urine concentrating ability |
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Bacterial cystitis
-common in |
-femal dogs
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Bacterial cystitis
-due to |
ascension of skin and GI flora
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Bacterial cystitis
-etiology |
Gram (+) [skin & feces]
-Staph -Strep -Enterococcus Gram (-) [feces] -E. coli -Proteus -Klebsiella -Pseudomonas -Enterobacter |
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Why is bacterial cystitis not common in males?
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-prostatic secretions contain zinc which is bacteriostatic
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Uncomplicated UTI
-define |
-no underlying defects in the host immune system
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Uncomplicated UTI
-characteristics |
-hygiene issue ---> exposure to bacteria
-no compromise to the immune system -often don't need to treat (if treated 10-14 days) -non-recurring |
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Complicated UTI
-define |
-underlying defects of the host immune system
*need to be treated for 4-6 wks to get host defenses back to normal |
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Complicated UTI
-possible causes |
-abnormal micturition (urine retention/leakage)
-anatomical abnormalites (ectopic ureters) -mucosal ldamage (uroliths) -alterations in urine volume/composition (DM) -systemic immunocompromise (cushings) |
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Types of recurrent UTIs
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-relapse
-reinfection |
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Relapse UTI
-define |
-same organism
-relatively short time frame between episodes -signs improve with antibiotic but recur with antibiotic removal |
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Relapse UTI
-causes |
-inappropriate antibiotic dose/duration
-antibiotic resistance -bacteria sequestered away from antibiotics (thickened bladder mucosa or in stone) |
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Relapse UTI
-what to focus on |
-owner compliance
-resistance -some systemic problem (GI tract affecting antibiotic absorption) |
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Reinfection UTI
-define |
-different organism
-longer time frame between episodes |
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Reinfection UTI
-causes |
-underlying defects in host mechanisms
-iatrogenic/spontaneous reinfection |
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Which one of the following would be least likely to cause a complicated UTI?
-hyperadrenocorticism -urine retention or urine leakage disorder -urolithiasis -superficial pyoderma -diabetes mellitus |
-superficial pyoderma
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