Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Reslin Pad |
Structure on Hind legs of Fleas that stretches like rubberband to allow them to jump. |
|
|
Fleas will Remain in their cases until... |
They detect CO2,Vibrations, and Body Heat of a potential host. |
|
|
Flea Order: |
Siphonaptera |
|
|
Feeding Behavior of fleas |
Solenophagus |
|
|
Family Tungidae (siphonaptera) |
Tunga penetrans- burrows into skin usally in exposed feet. |
|
|
Family Pulicidae(Siphonaptera) |
Pulex Iritants - human flea Xenospsylla cheopsis- (oriental rat flea) - vector of plauge, myxomatosis, and dog tape worm |
|
|
Myxomatosis as BIo Control |
used in Australia to reduce rabits |
|
|
Family Pulicidae cont. chicken and house pets |
Echidnophaga gallinacea- stick flea, stays permanently on poultry Ctenocephaldies canis/felis- dog/cat flea felis common in USA, Canis in Europe |
|
|
Family Certaophyllidae ( squirel) |
Oropsylla montana - ground squirrel flea ( vector of plague in sylvatic cycle) |
|
|
Murine Typhus vector? zoonosis transmission |
Vectors; rodent and cat fleas Zoonosis- rats, cats and possums retain Transmission- Bite of infected flea or scratching feces into wound. |
|
|
Plague pathogen transmission vectors |
Yersinia pestis - Black death Transmission: Bite of infected flea or by aerosol in pneumonia plague
Vectors: Xenopsylla cheopsis (rats) and Oropsylla montana (squirrels) most important |
|
|
Plug in fleas |
Yersinia pestis bacteria block digestive system of fleas with biofilm making them feed on more hosts since they stay hungry. This blockage is more common in temp. less than 27.5 Celcius . |
|
|
Plague types (3) |
1-bubonic (buboes) result from bite 2-septicemic- in blood 3- Pneumonic- in lungs |
|
|
Diptera Suborders |
1.Nematocera 2.Brachycera 3.Cyclorrphapha |
|
|
Ecological importance of diptera |
decompose Carrion and dung |
|
|
eye gnats |
nuisance flies that feed on eye secretions (Chloropidae) |
|
|
Flies as mechanical vectors |
1. yaws 2. pink eye |
|
|
Psychodidae |
sand and drain flies |
|
|
Phlebotominae( subfamily) |
sand flies ( hairy lanced shaped wings, wings with parallel veins) |
|
|
New world Sand flies of importance |
Luzomyia spp. |
|
|
Old world sand flies of importance |
1.Phlebotomus spp. 2.Sergentomyia spp.
|
|
|
Mating behavior of sand flies |
Lek( gather for mating ) usually on a host . |
|
|
Sand fly sex pheromone name |
9-methylgermacrene |
|
|
how to disrupt mating of sand flies |
pheromone mating disruption (applying male pheromones where there are no males present ) |
|
|
pathogen: Leishmania spp. Leishmaniasis - disease Vector? Transmission ? |
Vector: phlebotominae spp. Transmission: cyclo-propagative |
|
|
Amastigotes Vs Promastigotes in Leishmaniasis |
Amastigotes - multiply and invade new host cells promastigotes- enter when bit by sand flys (invade macrophages and transform into amastigotes) |
|
|
Definite host for Leshmania spp. ? |
None, no sexual reproduction, However CDC lists mammals as Def. host |
|
|
how does sugar feeding affect transmission rate? |
sugar encourage break down of a valve in between the midgut and foregut. This valve helps prevent back-flow, when broken down the parasite spreads easier. |
|
|
Leishmaniasis Forms |
1. Cutaneous (dermal Leishmaniasis ) 2. Visceral ( "Kala-azar") |
|
|
How to deal with sand flies |
A/c, screens treated with insecticides, and residual insecticides in adult resting sites. |
|
|
Biting Midges family |
Ceratopogonidae |
|
|
two main groups ( Ceratopogonidae) |
1.Culicoides 2.Lectoconops |
|
|
What is Autogeny ? |
Ability to lay first batch of eggs without a blood meal. |
|
|
New World Vector of BTV |
Culicoides Sonorensis |
|
|
Old world Vector of BTV |
Culicoides Imiocola |
|
|
Predator of mosquitoes in Culicoides ? |
C. anophelis |
|
|
Type of cycle (BTV) |
Propagative |
|
|
Tangental Hosts (BTV) |
African Carenvours |
|
|
What BTV strain spread to Europe and in what years |
1999 and BTV-8 |
|
|
What's is EHDV? and what is the vector? |
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease- similar to BTV but higher morbidity. vector:unknown but suspected of being a tree hole Culicoides . |
|
|
What is OROV? What is the reservoir/primary Host? what is the vector? |
Oropuche Fever. Reservoir -sloths Primary- Humans Vector - Culicoides paranesis |
|
|
Black fly family ? |
Simulidae |
|
|
Morphological uniformity in adults |
strong vein @ top of vein |
|
|
What type of water do Black flies like? |
non-polluted running water |
|
|
Blackfly fever |
lots of blackfly bites: not lethal but painful |
|
|
important Blackfly Fever vectors |
NE USA- Simulium jenningsi South USA - Cnephia pecarum Socal - Simulium tescorom |
|
|
River Blindness name and parasite? Important Vector? Definitive Host? |
Onchocerciasis and Onchocerra spp. Simulium domnosum Humans |
|
|
Drug choice for Onchornasies |
Ivermectin |
|
|
Mosquito Family |
Culicidae |
|
|
Anopheles eggs are laid.. |
singularly, in bodies of perm. water, have floats(wings) |
|
|
Aedes eggs are laid ... |
singularly, on the edge of the water, in temp. water sources, intermittent hatching |
|
|
Culex eggs are laid... |
on rafts, in polluted bodies of water. |
|
|
Special Culex that gets o2 from plants |
Mansonia spp. |
|
|
Do all mosquitoes have breathing siphons? |
no, Anopheles do not |
|
|
What do "gills" do in mosquitos |
osmoregulation |
|
|
Predatory Mosquito spp.? |
Toxorhynchites spp. |
|
|
Chikngunya vectors |
Aedes agepti and Aedes olbopictus |
|
|
EEE WEE VEE vectors? |
Culiseta melanura Culex tarsalis many spp. |
|
|
yellow fever, Dengue and Zika vectors |
A. agepti and A. olbopictus |
|
|
JE Vectors |
Culex spp. especially Culex tritaenorhynchus |
|
|
WNV and SLE vectors |
Culex tarsalis and Culex quinquefascitus |
|
|
plasmodium species for Malaria |
falciparum (worst)-2days vivax-2days ovale-2days malarie-3days (least intense) |
|
|
Life cylce of plassmodium in humans |
1.mosquito transmits sporozoites 2. sporozoites ----->liver cell forming schizont 3. schizont ruptures -----> merozoites into blood 4. Merozites -----> trophozoites (blood cycle) 5. Trophozoites ----> schizont (blood cycle) 6. cycle happens over and over.( gametocytes can also be formed from merozoites.) |
|
|
Life cycle of plasmodium in mosquitos |
1. mosquito picks up gametocytes while feeding on human. 2. gametocytes----> Zygote 3.zygote ---> ookinete in midgut walls 4. ookinete---> oocyst 5.Oocyst ruptures into ------> sporozytes |
|
|
Most competent mosquito for malaria |
Anopheles gambiae |
|
|
Elephantiasis pathogen? Vector ? Treatment ? |
pathogen nematode : bancrofi Culex quinquefascitus Treatment Albendazole and ivermectin (africa only). Elsewhere Albendazole and DEC. |
|
|
common bed bug in Us |
Cimex lectularius |
|
|
kissing bugs family and sub family |
Reduviidae and Tritominae |
|
|
Vectors of Chagas |
Rhodinus prolixus and Tritoma infestans |
|
|
stercorarian transmission |
fecal |
|
|
mosquito fish |
Gambusia affinis |
|
|
Family for bedbugs |
Cimicidae |
|
|
Bed bug species in tropical and temperate locatons |
Cimex Lectularius (tempertae) Timex Hemipertus (tropical) |
|
|
How many nymphal stages do bed bugs have |
5 nymphal instars |
|
|
Kissing bug in S America and Mexico |
Rhodinus prolixus |
|
|
Most important kissing bug for S. America |
Tritoma infestans |
|
|
Disease agent for chagas Disease |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
|
|
Transmission pathway for chagas disease |
Getting fecal matter of the hemipteran into wounds |
|
|
Kissing bugs in riverside |
Tritoma protracta |
|
|
What is crepscular feeding |
Fedind most acivelty during twlight hours |
|
|
What is dirunal feeding |
Feeding most activey during the day |
|
|
Which two Leshmania species can cause mucoctuneous infections |
L. major & L. Braziliensis |
|
|
Which species of leshmania can cause Visceral Kalazar and post kala-azar dermal leshmaniasis |
L. donovani |
|
|
In Anopheles both female and males have |
Long palps |
|
|
Mosquito repllenats |
Deet & Picardian |
