Media - Representation

A constructed story, usually a novel, film, radio drama or television program.

A story that shows the events unfolding in order.

A story that shows events unfolding out of sequential order

A system of signs to convey meaning.

A well-established way of constructing a media text.

C stands for 'Camera Techniques', these have sub categories of angle, moment and shot type.

A stands for Acting

M stands for 'Mis en scene', which means everything that is in the shot.

E stands for editing.

L stand for Lighting.

S stands for Sound.

F stands for Film format.

An overshot/birds eye shot is where the camera is positioned directly above the subject. This is often used in establishing shots where the camera flies over city streets, or to reveal something on the ground that can't be seen with conventional camera angles, it is a somewhat unnatural view.

Where the camera is deliberately slanted to one side, this can be used to further dramatise things.

This is one of the most commonly used camera shots in film and television. Whereas most of there camera angles are highly stylised, an eye level shot creates a sense of normality and realism because this is how we see the world.

Where the camera is level with the character's eyes.

The camera is positioned below eye level, looking up, to generally imply a sense of power and dominance.

The camera is positioned above eye level, looking down, to generally imply a sense of powerlessness and and makes the character look smaller.

any sort of moving platform that a camera is mounted on. Professional camera crews lay down tracks which the camera can be moved along.

Where the camera follows a moving subject/character.

The camera moves up and down when mounted on a tripod.

A ran shot is where the camera is mounted on a crane, helping filmmakers to achieve dynamic overhead shots.

Where the camera is held by a character. Often used to make it seem more real to the audience.

Where the sense of a camera is used to magnify or reduce the size of an image.

The view is so far from the subject that it isn't even visible, often used as an establishing shot.

The subject is visible (barely), but the emphasis is still on placing the character in its environment.

The subject takes up the full frame, or at least as much as comfortably possuble, you can see the character from head to toe.

A mid shot shows the character from the waist up.

Half way between a mid shot and a close up, usually from the shoulders and up.

Shows just the characters face.

Extreme details of the object or person are shown.

A shot of two people. farmed similarly to a mid shot.

Looking from behind the person to the subject.

Shows a point of view from the subjects perspective.

French term that refers to 'putting into scene'

About lighting

costume

make up

camera techniques and positioning.

The process of placing images and sounds in an order that tells a story and creates emotion for the audience.

A fade from one image to another.

A fade from one sound to another

A basic edit when shot is replaced by another with no transition between the two.

The immediate transition to another scene that strongly relates to the current narrative but is unrelated to the action.

The immediate transition back to the unfolding narrative.

The slow transition from one scene to another, or to a colour or shade.

The immediate transition between two objects/subjects of similar from (that 'match')

Two or more scenes viewed simultaneously.

A series of short shots are juxtaposed to convey a single idea. A montage is used to indicate the passed of time or to create a feeling or emotion.

Lighting that imitates nature or the usual.natural illumination of an area.

Illumination that exaggerates certain elements of a scene.

Low colour temperature is the warmer, more yellow to red light, while high colour temperature is the cooler bluer light.

the main source of light on the subject and will generally be the brightest in the scene.

A scene that is well lit with a few shadows.

A scene with little light resulting in shadows and darkness.

Sound that the characters can hear/

Sound that the characters can't hear.

Sounds that are typically in time with or matched to what is being viewed.

Sounds that are not matched with any visible source on the screen.

The gradual increase of volume

The gradual decrease in volume.

C - Cause and effect - how the narratives are organised in a connecting chain.

O - Opening, development and closure (Narrative progression)

P - Point of view - the POV at which the narrative is presented.

M - Multiple storylines - how narratives might use different storylines or subplots.

E - Establishment and development of and relationship between characters - The revelation of the characters personality to the audience.

S - Structuring of time - the way time can be expanded, contracted or structured using editing.

S - Setting - the location and historical period in which the narrative takes place.