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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is concentration/consolidation of power/ownership?
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Concetration leads to homogeneity, which a competitive market leads to diversity.
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What is conglomeration?
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Media companies have become part of much larger corporations (Unternehmen), which own a collection of other companies that may operate in highly diverse business areas.
e.g. Warner Bros (media giants = conglomerates) |
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What is vertical integration?
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The process by which one owner aquires all aspects of production and distribution of a single type of media product.
e.g. book company buys different agencies to better control entire process Producer holt sich alle anderen firmen um bessere kontrolle zu haben e.g. Star wars : book, film, lego, toys, hörbuch, themepark, etc |
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What is horizontal integration?
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The process by which one company buys different kinds of media, concetrating ownership across different types of media.
- cross promotion (compose tv stations, book publishers, music labels etc. to support its operations) producer hat alle firmen und komplette kontrolle |
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What is self-promotion?
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Owners perceive such arrangements as both efficient and profitable.
- Harry Potter is reading Harry Potter (or any J.K.Roling) book in the movie. |
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What is cross promotion?
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Promoting one product on other media
- Harry Potter drinking Pepsi in the movie. |
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What does bottom-line pressure mean?
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The more profitable the show the less pressure the producers have.
Sets the framework for programming decisions. - logic of safety (to avoid controversy) - low cost programming (reality shows) - product placement/integration, branded entertainment |
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What is the homogenization hypothesis? (Bagdikian)
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The absence of competition in the media industry will lead to homogeneous media products that serve the interests of the increasingly small number of owners.
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Explain horizontal diversity:
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The differences in content between two newpapers.
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Explain vertical diversity:
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The range of actor mentioned and the degree of disagreement in a single newspaper.
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What is meant by hollywoodization of news (infotainment)?
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An increased emphasis (Schwerpunkt) has been placed on entertainment and celebrities on the network news.
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Explain synergy:
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The dynamic where components of a company work together to produce benefits that would be impossible for a single, seperately operated unit of the company.
a & b tuen sich zusammen und profitieren, alleine hätten sie es nciht geschafft |
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What is the consequence of integration?
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An increase in media cross-promotion and a decrease in media products that are not suitable for cross promotion.
Produkte die nicht in File passen werden ausgeschlossen und bekommen kein geld |
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What are the effects of media control & political power?
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State ownership and the government's control of the media affects the media product.
e.g. censorship, propaganda, etc. |
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What means "the local newspaper monopoly"? (Entman)
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Looked at local newspaper competition and asked wheter monopoly ownership matters - no consistent relationship between newspaper competition and news diversity.
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What is the underlying goal of media?
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The creation of products that will earn financial profits. -> LOGIC OF SAFETY (produce safe [= profitable] media products)
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What are prime-time profits?
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Executives achieve profits by broadcasting programmes that will attract large audiences, but also follow a 'logic of safety', by minimising risky programmes.
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What are the 2 ways to enhace the profit of news outlets?
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1) Cut costs
2) Increase revenues (EInnahmen) |
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What permits greater inovation and diversity in e.g. popular music?
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A loosing of market concentrationd through increased competition.
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What is the key source of revenue for mass media sources?
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Advertisement.
(advertisers are buying 'audiences' not the mass media sources) |
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What is narrowcasting?
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Makes sure that advertiser reaches desirable audience. TV programmes target specific audience segments instead of aiming for mass audience.
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What is the 'production perspective'?
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Seeing media products as the result of social process of production that occurs within an institutional framework.
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What is media pluralism?
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Degree of diversity in media content.
(It refers to the degree to which there is diversity in media content readly available for audiences.) Includes: presence of views, opinions nd varety of cultures. |
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What are the political impacts of concentration(3)?
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1) Certain ideas get excluded
a. fox – conservative agenda b. Corporate Voice 2) Disempowering citizens 3) contributes to inequalities in the society |
