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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Advance directive
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Processes that are accompanied by forms to reassure patients that their end of life wishes will be honored as much as possible
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Aesthetics
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critical reflection on art, culture and nature
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Animal Welfare Act
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Law stating that basic standards and care be provided for animals bred and sold for use as pets, used in biomedical research, and exhibited in public
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Autonomy
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People have the ethical right to make their own decisions--"capacity to act on your decisions freely and independently"
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Axiology
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The study of values
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Battery
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offensive touching without consent of the person being touched
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Belmont Report
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The Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research
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Beneficence
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Acting to benefit another
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Bentham, Jeremy
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A large supporter of utilitarianism and animal rights
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Capacitation
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patient has the ability to understand and weigh medical information and make healthy decisions
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Competence
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Competence is capacity in legal terms. all patients are competent until proven otherwise
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Capitation
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A fixed payment remitted at regular intervals to a medical provider by a managed care organization for an enrolled patient.
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Casuistry
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Care-based reasoning
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Categorical imperative
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the central philosophical concept in the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant. it may be defined as a way of evaluating motivations for action
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Common Good Theory
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The distinctive and critical perspective the various professions have to offer on basic human values and on facets of the human good and the good of life
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Compassion
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"suffering with" the patient and experiencing their plight, motivating treatment
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Confidentiality
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The practice of keeping harmful, shameful, and embarrassing patient information within proper bounds
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Consequentialism
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whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act or of something related to that act
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Consumer Bill of Rights
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Right to safety, right to be informed, right to choose, right to be heard
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Deontology
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Ethical theory which values the principles. Always do what you would want to become a universal law
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Teleology
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Ethical theory which values the consequences. The greatest good for the greatest number of people
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Double Effect
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When there is an undesirable outcome due to a decision
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Durable Power of Attorney
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Under the common law, a power of attorney becomes ineffective if its grantor dies, unless the grantor (or principal) specifies that the power of attorney will continue to be effective even if the grantor becomes incapacitated.
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Entitlement
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A person deserves a good or service simply by being a member of a group
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Euthanasia
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Ending a patients life by medical means administered by a physician
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Fidelity
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Being faithful to ones commitments
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Fiduciary relationship
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A person in which another person has placed a special trust in has the responsibility to watch out for the best interest of the other party
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Hippocratic Oath
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Ancient oath swearing to practice in specific ways that promote specific well-being
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Hospice
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An alternative for patients with conditions beyond medical care
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Informed consent
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process by which a fully informed patient can participate in choices about her health care
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Institutional Review Board
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a committee that has been formally designated to approve, monitor, and review biomedical and behavioral research involving humans
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Justice
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Ensuring a proper distribution of burdens and benefits where there are competing claims
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Immanuel Kant
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Deontologist: categorical imperative
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Labeling
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mechanism used to help identify similarities among members of a group
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Living will
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is a legal document that a person uses to make known his or her wishes regarding life prolonging medical treatments
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Locus of authority
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Who has the authority to make an important ethical decision
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Metaethics
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Theory of ethics--the nature and meaning of ethical reasons we propose as valid for making judgements about morality
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Mill, John Stuart
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Famous teleologist
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Moral Agent
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A person who acts for him or herself or in the place of another by the authority of that person, and does so by conforming to a standard of right behavior
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Morality
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guidelines people establish to preserve the fabric of society
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Values
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identifies intrinsic things a person, group, or society holds dear
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Non-maleficence
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do no harm--a major underlying theme of the hippocratic oath
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Normative ethics
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methods for ascertaining right and wrong actions and praiseworthy or blameworthy attitudes or behavior
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Palliative care
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patient and family centered care that optimizes quality of life by anticipating, preventing, and treating suffering. Just as much imagination, competence, and energy must be directed to pallatative interventions as would be devoted to a patient without and incurable condition
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Parentalism/Paternalism
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health professional acts as a parent with all of its negative and positive connotations. Usually occurs when a doctors recommendations conflict with a patients preference
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Prima facia duty
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allows you to make a choice between decisions
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John Rawls
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Believed in distributive justice--people get what they deserve. We act ethically when we distribute justice
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Supererogatory conduct
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Going above and beyond what is expected of you as a professional
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Veracity
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The principle of full and honest disclosure--truth telling
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Virtue Theory
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A theory where character traits and moral character deal with decision making
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