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1657 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Addison’s Disease
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1. Primary adrenocortical deficiency
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Addisonian Anemia
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2. Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells →↓IF →↓Vit B12 →megaloblastic anemia)
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Albright’s Syndrome
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3. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
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Alport’s Syndrome
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4. Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
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Alzheimer’s
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5. Progressive dementia
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Argyll-Robertson Pupil
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6. Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
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Arnold-Chiari Malformation
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10. Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele
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Barrett’s
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11. Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (↑risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux
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Bartter’s Syndrome
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12. Hyperreninemia
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Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy
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13. Similar to Duchenne
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Bell’s Palsy
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14. CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
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Berger’s Disease
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15. IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids
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Bernard-Soulier Disease
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16. Defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)
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Berry Aneurysm
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17. Circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed) Anterior Communicating artery
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Bowen’s Disease
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19. Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (↑risk of visceral ca) [compare w/ Queyrat]
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Brill-Zinsser Disease
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20. Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later
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Briquet’s Syndrome
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21. Somatization disorder
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Broca’s Aphasia
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23. Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) intact comprehension
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Brown-Sequard
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24. Hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch
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Bruton’s Disease
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25. X-linked agammaglobinemia (↓B cells)
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Budd-Chiari
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26. Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure
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Buerger’s Disease
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27. Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities →painful ischemia →gangrene
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Burkitt’s Lymphoma
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29. Small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV
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31. Seen commonly in jaws
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abdomen
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Caisson Disease
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33. Nitric gas emboli
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Chagas’ Disease
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34. Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chediak-Higashi Disease
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35. (AR) Phagocyte Deficiency = defect in microtubule polymerization
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36. Neutropenia
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albinism
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Conn’s Syndrome
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37. Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na+ & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis); ↓renin
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Cori’s Disease
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38. Type III Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (debranching enz: amylo 1
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob
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39. Prion infection →cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
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Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
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40. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
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Crohn’s
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43. IBD; ileocecum
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44. (contrast to UC: limited to colon
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mucosa & submucosa
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Curling’s Ulcer
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46. Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Cushing’s
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47. Disease: Hypercorticism 2to ↑ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
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Cushing’s Ulcer
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0. Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
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de Quervain’s Thyroiditis
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1. Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
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DiGeorge’s Syndrome
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2. Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid
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3. Thymic hypoplasia →T-cell deficiency
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4. Hypoparathyroidism Tetany
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Down’s Syndrome
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Dressler’s Syndrome
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6. Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
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Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
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7. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation
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8. Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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9. Deficiency of dystrophin protein →MD X-linked recessive
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Cushing’s Ulcer
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0. Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
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de Quervain’s Thyroiditis
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1. Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
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DiGeorge’s Syndrome
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2. Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid
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|
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3. Thymic hypoplasia →T-cell deficiency
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|
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4. Hypoparathyroidism Tetany
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Down’s Syndrome
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. Trisomy 21 or translocation – Simian Crease
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Dressler’s Syndrome
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6. Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
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Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
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7. Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation
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|
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8. Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
|
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
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9. Deficiency of dystrophin protein →MD X-linked recessive
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Addison’s Disease 1
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Primary adrenocortical deficiency
|
|
Addisonian Anemia 2
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Pernicious anemia (antibodies to intrinsic factor or parietal cells →↓IF →↓Vit B12 →megaloblastic anemia)
|
|
Albright’s Syndrome 3
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Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia; precocious puberty; café au lait spots; short stature; young girls
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Alport’s Syndrome 4
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Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
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Alzheimer’s 5
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Progressive dementia
|
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Argyll-Robertson Pupil 6
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Loss of light reflex constriction (contralateral or bilateral)
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7
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“Prostitute’s Eye” – accommodates but does not react
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8
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Pathognomonic for 3Syphilis
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9
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Lesion pretectal region of superior colliculus
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Arnold-Chiari Malformation 10
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Cerebellar tonsil herniation through foramen magnum = see thoracolumbar meningomyelocele
|
|
Barrett’s 11
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Columnar metaplasia of lower esophagus (↑risk of adenocarcinoma)- constant gastroesophageal reflux
|
|
Bartter’s Syndrome 12
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Hyperreninemia
|
|
Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy 13
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Similar to Duchenne; but less severe (mutation; not a deficiency; in dystrophin protein)
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Bell’s Palsy 14
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CNVII palsy (entire face; recall that UMN lesion only affects lower face)
|
|
Berger’s Disease 15
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IgA nephropathy causing hematuria in kids; usually following infection
|
|
Bernard-Soulier Disease 16
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Defect in platelet adhesion (abnormally large platelets & lack of platelet-surface glycoprotein)
|
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Berry Aneurysm 17
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Circle of Willis (subarachnoid bleed) Anterior Communicating artery
|
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18
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Often associated with ADPKD
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Bowen’s Disease 19
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Carcinoma in situ on shaft of penis (↑risk of visceral ca) [compare w/ Queyrat]
|
|
Brill-Zinsser Disease 20
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Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later
|
|
Briquet’s Syndrome 21
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Somatization disorder
|
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22
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Psychological: multiple physical complaints without physical pathology
|
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Broca’s Aphasia 23
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Motor Aphasia (area 44 & 45) intact comprehension
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Brown-Sequard 24
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Hemisection of cord (contralateral loss of pain & temp / ipsilateral loss of fine touch; UMN / ipsi loss of consc
|
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Bruton’s Disease 25
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X-linked agammaglobinemia (↓B cells)
|
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Budd-Chiari 26
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Post-hepatic venous thrombosis = ab pain; hepatomegaly; ascites; portal HTN; liver failure
|
|
Buerger’s Disease 27
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Acute inflammation of medium and small arteries of extremities →painful ischemia →gangrene
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28
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Seen almost exclusively in young and middle-aged men who smoke
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Burkitt’s Lymphoma 29
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Small noncleaved cell lymphoma EBV
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30
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8:14 translocation
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31
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Seen commonly in jaws; abdomen; retroperitoneal soft tissues
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32
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Starry sky appearance
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Caisson Disease 33
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Nitric gas emboli
|
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Chagas’ Disease 34
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Trypansoma infection - cardiomegaly with apical atrophy; achlasia
|
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Chediak-Higashi Disease 35
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(AR) Phagocyte Deficiency = defect in microtubule polymerization
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36
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Neutropenia; albinism; cranial & peripheral neuropathy & repeated infections w/ strep & staph
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Conn’s Syndrome 37
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Primary Aldosteronism: HTN; retain Na+ & H2O; hypokalemia (causing alkalosis); ↓renin
|
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Cori’s Disease 38
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Type III Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (debranching enz: amylo 1;6 glucosidase def
|
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob 39
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Prion infection →cerebellar & cerebral degeneration
|
|
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome 40
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Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated)
|
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41
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Glucuronyl transferase deficiency
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42
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Less severe form will respond to Phenobarbital therapy
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Crohn’s 43
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IBD; ileocecum; transmural; skip lesions; cobblestones; lymphocytic infiltrate; granulomas
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44
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(contrast to UC: limited to colon; mucosa & submucosa; crypt abscesses; pseudopolyps; ↑colon cancer risk)
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45
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Clinically: ab pain & diarrhea; fever; malabsorption; fistulae b/t intestinal loops & abd structures
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Curling’s Ulcer 46
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Cushing’s 47
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Disease: Hypercorticism 2to ↑ACTH from pituitary (basophilic adenoma)
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48
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Syndrome: hypercorticism of all other causes (1adrenal or ectopic)
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49
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- moon face; buffalo hump; purple striae; hirsutism; HTN; hyperglycemia
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Cushing’s Ulcer 50
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS trauma
|
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de Quervain’s Thyroiditis 51
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Self-limiting focal destruction (subacute thyroiditis)
|
|
DiGeorge’s Syndrome 52
|
Failure of 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches formation: Thymus & Parathyroid
|
|
53
|
Thymic hypoplasia →T-cell deficiency
|
|
54
|
Hypoparathyroidism Tetany
|
|
Down’s Syndrome 55
|
Trisomy 21 or translocation – Simian Crease
|
|
Dressler’s Syndrome 56
|
Post-MI Fibrinous Pericarditis autoimmune
|
|
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome 57
|
Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated) = bilirubin transposrt is defective not conjugation
|
|
58
|
Striking brown-to-black discoloration of the liver
|
|
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 59
|
Deficiency of dystrophin protein →MD X-linked recessive
|
|
Edwards’ Syndrome 60
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Trisomy 18
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61
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Rocker-bottom feet; low ears; small lower jaw; heart disease
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Ehler’s-Danlos 62
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Defective collagen
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Eisenmenger’s Complex 63
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Late cyanotic shunt (R→L) pulmonary HTN & RVH 2to long-standing VSD; ASD; or PDA
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Erb-Duchenne Palsy 64
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Trauma to superior trunk of brachial plexus Waiter’s Tip
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Ewing Sarcoma 65
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Malignant undifferentiated round cell tumor of bone in boys <15yoa - t11;22
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Eyrthroplasia of Queyrat 66
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Carcinoma in situ on glans penis
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Fanconi’s Syndrome 67
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Impaired proximal tubular reabsorption 2to lead poisoning or Tetracycline (glycosuria;
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Felty’s Syndrome 68
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Rheumatoid arthritis; neutropenia; splenomegaly
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Gardner’s Syndrome 69
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AD = adenomatous polyps of colon; osteomas & soft tissue tumors
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Gaucher’s Disease 70
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Lysosomal Storage Disease glucocerebrosidase deficiency – glucocerebroside accumulation
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71
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Hepatosplenomegaly; femoral head & long bone erosion; anemia
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Gilbert’s Syndrome 72
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Benign congenital hyperbilirubinemia (unconjugated) = ↓d glucuronyl transferase activity
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Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia 73
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Defective glycoproteins on platelets = deficient platelet aggregation
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Goodpasture’s 74
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Autoimmune: ab’s to glomerular & alveolar basement membranes
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Grave’s Disease 75
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Autoimmune hyperthyroidism (TSI): IgG Ab reactive w/ TSH receptors
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Guillain-Barre 76
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Polyneuritis following viral infection/ autoimmune (ascending muscle weakness & paralysis; usually self-limiting)
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Hamman-Rich Syndrome 77
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
|
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Hand-Schuller-Christian 78
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Chronic progressive histiocytosis
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Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis 79
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Autoimmune hypothyroidism
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Hashitoxicosis 80
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Initial hyperthyroidism in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis that precedes hypothyroidism
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura 81
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Hypersensivity vasculitis = allergic purpura
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82
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Hemmorhagic urticaria (with fever; arthralgias; GI & renal involvement)
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83
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Associated with upper respiratory infections
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Hirschprung’s Disease 84
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Aganglionic megacolon
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Horner’s Syndrome 85
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Ptosis; miosis; anhidrosis (lesion of cervical sympathetic nerves often 2to a Pancoast tumor)
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Huntington’s (Chromosome 4) 86
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AD: Progressive degeneration of caudate nucleus; putamen (striatum) & frontal cortex ↓GABA
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Jacksonian Seizures 87
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Epileptic events originating in the primary motor cortex (area 4)
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Job’s Syndrome 1
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Immune deficiency: neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli
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2
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Defective neutrophilic chemotactic response = repeated infections
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3
|
Commonly seen in light-skinned; red-haired girls
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88
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↑’d IgE levels
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Kaposi Sarcoma 89
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Malignant vascular tumor (HHV8 in homosexual men)
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Kartagener’s Syndrome 90
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Immotile cilia 2to defective dynein arms infection; situs inversus; sterility
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Kawasaki Disease 91
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Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in kids (acute necrotizing vasculitis of lips; oral mucosa)
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Klinefelter’s Syndrome 92
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47; XXY: Long arms; Sterile; Hypogonadism
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Kluver-Bucy 93
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Bilateral lesions of amygdala (hypersexuality; oral behavior)
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Krukenberg Tumor 94
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Adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells (typically originating from the stomach) metastases to
|
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95
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the ovaries
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Laennec’s Cirrhosis 96
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Alcoholic cirrhosis
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Lesch-Nyhan 97
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HGPRT deficiency
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98
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Gout; retardation; self-mutilation
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Letterer-Siwe 99
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Acute disseminated Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis
|
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Libman-Sacks 100
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Endocarditis with small vegetations on valve leaflets
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101
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Associated with SLE
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Lou Gehrig’s 102
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis degeneration of upper & lower motor neurons
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Mallory-Weis Syndrome 103
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Bleeding from esophagogastric lacerations 2to wretching (alcoholics)
|
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Marfan’s 104
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Connective tissue defect: defective Fibrillin gene Dissecting aortic aneurysm; subluxation of lenses
|
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McArdle’s Disease 105
|
Type V Glycogenosis - Glycogen storage disease (muscle phosphorylase deficiency = ↑Glycogen)
|
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Meckel’s Diverticulum 106
|
Rule of 2’s: 2 inches long; 2 feet from the ileocecum; in 2% of the population
|
|
107
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Embryonic duct origin; may have ectopic tissue: gastric/pancreatic remnant of vitteline duct/yolk stalk
|
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Meig’s Syndrome 108
|
Triad: ovarian fibroma; ascites; hydrothorax – associated w/ fibroma of ovaries
|
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Menetrier’s Disease 109
|
Giant hypertrophic gastritis (enlarged rugae; plasma protein loss)
|
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Monckeberg’s Arteriosclerosis 110
|
Calcification of the media (usually radial & ulnar aa
|
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Munchausen Syndrome 111
|
Factitious disorder (consciously creates symptoms; but doesn’t know why)
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Nelson’s Syndrome 112
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1Adrenal Cushings →surgical removal of adrenals →loss of negative feedback to pituitary →
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Niemann-Pick 113
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Lysosomal Storage Disease (sphingomyelinase deficiency – sphingomyelin accumulation)
|
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114
|
“Foamy histiocytes”
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Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome 115
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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
|
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Paget’s Disease 116
|
Abnormal bone architecture (thickened; numerous fractures →pain)
|
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Pancoast Tumor 117
|
Bronchogenic tumor with superior sulcus involvement →Horner’s Syndrome
|
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Parkinson’s 118
|
Dopamine depletion in nigrostriatal tracts
|
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Peutz-Jegher’s Syndrome (AD) 119
|
Melanin pigmentation of lips; mouth; hand; genitalia + hamartomatous polyps of small intestine
|
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Peyronie’s Disease 120
|
Subcutaneous fibrosis of dorsum of penis
|
|
121
|
1
|
|
122
|
1
|
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123
|
Calcium-frosting; unyielding layer – heart chambers may be unable to dilate to receive blood during diastole
|
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Plummer’s Syndrome 124
|
Hyperthyroidism; nodular goiter; absence of eye signs (Plummer’s = Grave’s - eye signs)
|
|
Plummer-Vinson 125
|
Esophageal webs & iron-deficiency anemia; spoon-shaped nails; ↑SCCA of esophagus
|
|
Pompe’s Disease 126
|
Type II Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease →cardiomegaly (1;4 Glucosidase deficiency: ↑
|
|
Pott’s Disease 127
|
Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the vertebrae
|
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Potter’s Complex 128
|
Renal agenesis →oligohydramnios →hypoplastic lungs; defects in extremities
|
|
Raynaud’s 129
|
Disease: recurrent vasospasm in extremities = seen in young; healthy women
|
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130
|
Phenomenon: 2to underlying disease (SLE or scleroderma)
|
|
Reiter’s Syndrome 131
|
Urethritis; conjunctivitis; arthritis non-infectious (but often follows infections); HLA-B27; polyarticular
|
|
Reye’s Syndrome 132
|
Microvesicular fatty liver change & encephalopathy
|
|
133
|
2to aspirin ingestion in children following viral illness; especially VZV
|
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Riedel’s Thyroiditis 134
|
Idiopathic fibrous replacement of thyroid
|
|
Rotor Syndrome 135
|
Congenital hyperbilirubinemia (conjugated)
|
|
136
|
Similar to Dubin-Johnson; but no discoloration of the liver
|
|
Sezary Syndrome 137
|
Leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
|
|
Shaver’s Disease 138
|
Aluminum inhalation →lung fibrosis
|
|
Sheehan’s Syndrome 139
|
Postpartum pituitary necrosis = hemorrhage & shock usually occurred during delivery
|
|
Shy-Drager 140
|
Parkinsonism with autonomic dysfunction & orthostatic hypotension
|
|
Simmond’s Disease 141
|
Pituitary cachexia – can occur from either pituitary tumors or Sheehan’s
|
|
Sipple’s Syndrome 142
|
MEN type IIa = pheochromocytoma; thyroid medullary CA; hyperparathyroidism
|
|
Sjogren’s Syndrome 143
|
Triad: dry eyes; dry mouth; arthritis ↑risk of B-cell lymphoma
|
|
Spitz Nevus 144
|
Juvenile melanoma (always benign)
|
|
Stein-Leventhal 145
|
Polycystic ovary: see amenorrhea; infertility; obesity; hirsutism = ↑↑LH secretion
|
|
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 146
|
Erythema multiforme; fever; malaise; mucosal ulceration (often 2to infection = mycoplasma or sulfa
|
|
Still’s Disease 147
|
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (absence of rheumatoid factor)
|
|
Takayasu’s arteritis 148
|
Aortic arch syndrome
|
|
149
|
Loss of carotid; radial or ulnar pulses = pulseless disease
|
|
150
|
Common in young Asian females
|
|
Tay-Sachs (AR) 151
|
Gangliosidosis (hexosaminidase A deficiency →GM2 ganglioside) Cherry Red Spots of the Macula
|
|
Tetralogy of Fallot 152
|
1
|
|
Tourette’s Syndrome 153
|
Involuntary actions; both motor and vocal Txt w/ Pimozide
|
|
Turcot’s Syndrome 154
|
Colon adenomatous polyps plus CNS tumors
|
|
Turner’s Syndrome 155
|
45; XO = most common cause of Primary Amenorrhea
|
|
Vincent’s Infection 156
|
“Trench mouth” – acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis due to Fusobacterium
|
|
Von Gierke’s Disease 157
|
Type I Glycogenosis – Glycogen storage disease (G6Ptase deficiency) – Glycogen accumulaiton
|
|
Von Hippel-Lindau 158
|
Hemangioma (or hemangioblastoma) = cerebellum; brain stem; & retina
|
|
159
|
Adenomas of the viscera; especially ↑Renal Cell Carcinoma
|
|
160
|
Chromosome 3p
|
|
Von Recklinghausen’s 161
|
Neurofibromatosis & café au lait spots & Lisch nodules (Chromosome 17)
|
|
Von Recklinghausen’s Disease of Bone 162
|
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (“brown tumor”) 2to hyperparathyroidism = osteoclastic resorption w/
|
|
163
|
fibrous replacement
|
|
Von Willebrand’s Disease (AD) 164
|
Defect in platelet adhesion 2to deficiency in vWF
|
|
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia 165
|
Proliferation of IgM-producing lymphoid cells in men 50-70 yoa; PAS(+) Dutcher bodies
|
|
Wallenberg’s Syndrome 166
|
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) thrombosis “Medullary Syndrome”
|
|
167
|
Ipsilateral: ataxia; facial pain & temp; Contralateral: body pain & temp
|
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen 168
|
Adrenal insufficiency 2to DIC
|
|
169
|
DIC 2to meningiococcemia
|
|
Weber’s Syndrome 170
|
Paramedian Infarct of Midbrain
|
|
171
|
Ipsilateral: mydriasis; Contralateral: UMN paralysis (lower face & body)
|
|
Wegener’s Granulomatosis 172
|
Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of paranasal sinuses; lungs; kidneys; etc
|
|
Weil’s Disease 173
|
Icteric Leptospirosis non-icteric prgresses to renal failure & myocarditis
|
|
174
|
Dark field microscopy for dx
|
|
Wermer’s Syndrome 175
|
MEN type I = thyroid; parathyroid; adrenal cortex; pancreatic islets; pituitary
|
|
Wernicke’s Aphasia 176
|
Sensory Aphasia impaired comprehension
|
|
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome 177
|
Thiamine deficiency in alcoholics; bilateral mamillary bodies (mediodorsal nucleua) (confusion; ataxia;
|
|
Whipple’s Disease 178
|
Malabsorption syndrome (with bacteria-laden macrophages) & polyarthritis
|
|
Wilson’s Disease 179
|
Hepatolenticular degeneration (copper accumulation [Txt w/ Penicillamine ] & decrease in ceruloplasmin)
|
|
180
|
Mallory Bodies in the Liver & also w/ alcoholic hepatitis & Hyaline change
|
|
181
|
Chromosome 13
|
|
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome 182
|
Immunodeficiency: combined B- &T-cell deficiency (thrombocytopenia & eczema)
|
|
183
|
↓IgM w/ ↑IgA
|
|
Wolff-Chaikoff Effect 184
|
High iodine level (−)’s thyroid hormone synthesis
|
|
Zenker’s Diverticulum 185
|
Esophageal; cricopharyngeal muscles above UES
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison 186
|
Gastrin-secreting tumor of pancreas (or intestine) →↑acid →recurrent ulcers
|
|
Roger’s Disease 187
|
Interventricular septal defect
|
|
Barlow’s Syndrome 188
|
Floppy vale syndrome – women b/t 20-40 yoa
|
|
Bracht-Wachter Lesions 189
|
Minute abscesses found in subacute bacterial endocarditis
|
|
Lutembacher’s Syndrome 190
|
Combination of septum secundum atrial septal defect w/ mitral stenosis
|
|
Schmidt’s Syndrome 191
|
Autoimmnue thyroid Disease (Hashimoto’s ) & insulin-dependent diabetes
|
|
Hallmark Findings
|
Questions
|
|
Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation 192
|
Guillain-Barre (markedly increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
|
|
Antiplatelet Antibodies 193
|
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
|
|
Arachnodactyly 194
|
Marfan’s
|
|
Aschoff Bodies 195
|
Rheumatic fever
|
|
Auer Rods 196
|
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML type M3)
|
|
Autosplenectomy 197
|
Sickle cell anemia: switch a glu val in chain
|
|
198
|
Low O2 ↑sickling
|
|
199
|
Aplastic crisis w/ B19 (Parvovirus ssDNA) infection
|
|
200
|
Salmonella osteomyelitis
|
|
201
|
Vaso-occlusive painful crisises
|
|
202
|
Hydroxyurea as Txt (↑HbF) & Bone marrow transplant
|
|
Babinski 203
|
UMN lesion
|
|
Basophilic Stippling of RBCs 204
|
Lead poisoning
|
|
Bence Jones Protein 205
|
Multiple myeloma free light chains (either kappa or lambda)
|
|
206
|
Waldenstrom’s macroglobinemia
|
|
Birbeck Granules 207
|
Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
|
|
Blue Bloater 208
|
Chronic Bronchitis (at least 3 months for at least 2 years of ecessive mucus secretion & chronic
|
|
Boot-Shaped Heart 209
|
Tetralogy of Fallot
|
|
Bouchard’s Nodes 210
|
Osteoarthritis (Proximal IP joint of the fingers)
|
|
Boutonniere’s Deformity 211
|
Rheumatoid arthritis flex proximal & extend distal IP joints
|
|
Brown Tumor 212
|
Hyperparathyroidism
|
|
Brushfield Spots 213
|
Down’s
|
|
Call-Exner Bodies 214
|
Granulosa cell tumor: associated w/ endometrial hyperplasia & carcinoma
|
|
215
|
Granuloma-Theca cell tumor
|
|
Cardiomegaly with Apical Atrophy 216
|
Chagas’ Disease
|
|
Chancre 217
|
1Syphilis
|
|
Chancroid 218
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
Charcot Triad 219
|
Multiple sclerosis = nystagmus; intention tremor; scanning speech
|
|
Charcot-Leyden Crystals 220
|
Bronchial asthma
|
|
Cheyne-Stokes Breathing 221
|
Cerebral lesion
|
|
Chocolate Cysts 222
|
Endometriosis
|
|
Chvostek’s Sign 223
|
Hypocalcemia facial spasm in tetany
|
|
Clue Cells 224
|
Gardnerella vaginitis
|
|
Codman’s Triangle 225
|
Osteosarcoma
|
|
Cold Agglutinins 226
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
|
227
|
Infectious mononucleosis
|
|
Condyloma Lata 228
|
2Syphilis
|
|
229
|
New coffee flavor at Bagel & Bagel
|
|
Cotton Wool Spots 230
|
HTN
|
|
231
|
Aka; cytoid bodies seen w/ SLE (yellowish cotton wool fundal lesions)
|
|
Councilman Bodies 232
|
Dying hepatocytes – HepB
|
|
Crescents In Bowman’s Capsule 233
|
Rapidly progressive (crescentic glomerulonephritis)
|
|
Currant-Jelly Sputum 234
|
Klebsiella
|
|
Curschmann’s Spirals 235
|
Bronchial asthma
|
|
Depigmentation Of Substantia Nigra 236
|
Parkinson’s
|
|
Donovan Bodies 237
|
Granuloma inguinale (STD)
|
|
Eburnation 238
|
Osteoarthritis (polished; ivory-like appearance of bone)
|
|
Ectopia Lentis 239
|
Marfan’s
|
|
Erythema Chronicum Migrans 240
|
Lyme Disease
|
|
Fatty Liver 241
|
Alcoholism
|
|
Ferruginous Bodies 242
|
Asbestosis - & Iron laden
|
|
Ghon Focus / Complex 243
|
Tuberculosis (1& 2; respectively)
|
|
Glitter Cells 244
|
Acute Pyelonephritis
|
|
Gower’s Maneuver 245
|
Duchenne’s MD use of arms to stand
|
|
Heberden’s Nodes 246
|
Osteoarthritis (Distal IP joint of the fingers)
|
|
Heinz Bodies 247
|
G6PDH Deficiency
|
|
Heterophil Antibodies 248
|
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
|
|
Hirano Bodies 249
|
Alzheimer’s
|
|
Hypersegmented PMNs 250
|
Megaloblastic anemia
|
|
Hypochromic Microcytic RBCs 251
|
Iron-deficiency anemia or Thalassemia
|
|
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction 252
|
Syphilis over-aggressive treatment of an asymptomatic pt
|
|
Joint Mice 253
|
Osteoarthritis (fractured osteophytes)
|
|
Kaussmaul Breathing 254
|
Acidosis / Diabetic Ketoacidosis
|
|
Keratin Pearls 255
|
Squamous Cell CA of skin Actinic Keratosis is a precursor
|
|
Keyser-Fleischer Ring 256
|
Wilson’s
|
|
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Nodules 257
|
Diabetic nephropathy: Nodular Glomerulosclerosis nodules of mesangial matrix
|
|
Koilocytes 258
|
HPV 6 & 11 (condyloma acuminatum - benign) and HPV 16 & 18 (malignant association)
|
|
Koplik Spots 259
|
Measles
|
|
Lewy Bodies 260
|
Parkinson’s (eosinophilic inclusions in damaged substantia nigra cells)
|
|
Lines of Zahn 261
|
Arterial thrombus
|
|
Lisch Nodules 262
|
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinhausen’s disease) = pigmented iris hamartomas
|
|
Lumpy-Bumpy IF Glomeruli 263
|
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis – prototype of nephritic syndrome
|
|
Mallory Bodies 264
|
Alcoholic hepatitis
|
|
McBurney’s Sign 265
|
Appendicitis (McBurney’s Point is 2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine)
|
|
Michealis-Gutmann Bodies 266
|
Malakoplakia lesion on bladder due to macros & calcospherites (M-G Bodies): usually due to E
|
|
Monoclonal Antibody Spike 267
|
Multiple myeloma this is called the M protein (usually IgG or IgA)
|
|
268
|
MGUS
|
|
Myxedema 269
|
Hypothyroidism
|
|
Negri Bodies 270
|
Rabies
|
|
Neuritic Plaques 271
|
Alzheimer’s
|
|
Neurofibrillary Tangles 272
|
Alzheimer’s
|
|
Non-pitting Edema 273
|
Myxedema
|
|
274
|
Anthrax Toxin
|
|
Notching of Ribs 275
|
Coarctation of Aorta
|
|
Nutmeg Liver 276
|
CHF = causing congested liver
|
|
Owls Eye Cells 277
|
CMV
|
|
278
|
Reed Sternburg Cells (Hodkins Lymphoma)
|
|
279
|
Aschoff cells seen w/ Rheumatic Fever
|
|
Painless Jaundice 280
|
Pancreatic CA (head)
|
|
Pannus 281
|
Rheumatoid arthritis; also see morning stiffnes that ↓w/ joint use; HLA-DR4
|
|
Pautrier’s Microabscesses 282
|
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma); Sezary
|
|
Philadelphia Chromosome 283
|
CML
|
|
Pick Bodies 284
|
Pick’s Disease
|
|
2 types of COPD 285
|
Pink Puffer – Type A: Emphysema
|
|
286
|
Blue Bloater – Type B: Bronchitis
|
|
287
|
Emphysema Centroacinar – smoking Panacinar - 1-antitrypsin deficiency
|
|
Podagra 288
|
Gout (MP joint of hallux)
|
|
Port-Wine Stain 289
|
Hemangioma
|
|
Posterior Anterior Drawer Sign 290
|
Tearing of the ACL
|
|
Psammoma Bodies 291
|
Papillary adenocarcinoma of the thyroid
|
|
292
|
Serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
|
|
293
|
Meningioma
|
|
294
|
Mesothelioma
|
|
Pseudohypertrophy 295
|
Seen w/ Duchenne muscular dystrophy @ the claf muscles; due to ↑fat
|
|
Punched-Out Bone Lesions 296
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
Rash on Palms & Soles 297
|
2Syphilis
|
|
298
|
RMSF
|
|
299
|
Coxsackie virus infection: Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
|
|
Red Morning Urine 300
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
Reed-Sternberg Cells 301
|
Hodgkin’s Disease
|
|
Reid Index Increased 302
|
Chronic bronchitis = ↑d ratio of bronchial gland to bronchial wall thickness
|
|
Reinke Crystals 303
|
Leydig cell tumor
|
|
Rouleaux Formation 304
|
Multiple myeloma RBC’s stacked as poker chips
|
|
S3 Heart Sound 305
|
L→R Shunt (VSD; PDA; ASD)
|
|
306
|
Mitral Regurg
|
|
307
|
LV Failure
|
|
S4 Heart Sound 308
|
Pulmonary Stenosis
|
|
309
|
Pulmonary HTN
|
|
Schwartzman Reaction 310
|
Neisseria meningitidis impressive rash with bugs
|
|
Smith Antigen 311
|
SLE (also anti-dsDNA)
|
|
312
|
Malar Rash; Wire loop kidney lesions; Joint pain; False (+) syphilis test (VDRL)
|
|
313
|
90% 14-45 yo females
|
|
314
|
also seen w/ use of INH; Procainamide; Hydralazine = SLE-like syndrome
|
|
Soap Bubble on X-Ray 315
|
Giant cell tumor of bone
|
|
Spike & Dome Glomeruli 316
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis = Nephrotic syndrome
|
|
317
|
Spike = basement membrane material & Dome = immune complex deposits (IgG orC3)
|
|
String Sign on X-ray 318
|
Crohn’s bowel wall thickening
|
|
Target Cells 319
|
Thalassemia in Thalassemia w/ no gene: Hydrops Fetalis & Intrauterine death associations = HbBarts
|
|
Tendinous Xanthomas 320
|
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
|
|
Thyroidization of Kidney 321
|
Chronic pyelonephritis
|
|
Tophi 322
|
Gout
|
|
Tram-Track Glomeruli 323
|
Membranoproliferative GN: Nephritic syndrome – basement membrane is duplicated into 2 layers
|
|
Trousseau’s Sign 324
|
Visceral ca; classically pancreatic (migratory thrombophlebitis)
|
|
325
|
Hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
|
|
326
|
These are two entirely different disease processes and different signs; but they unfortunately have the
|
|
same name
|
|
|
Virchow’s Node 327
|
Supraclavicular node enlargement by metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
|
|
Warthin-Finkeldey Giant Cells 328
|
Measles
|
|
WBC Casts 329
|
Pyelonephritis
|
|
Whipple’s Triad 330
|
CNS disfunction – Hypoglycemic episodes – glu injection reverses CNS Sympt’s
|
|
Wire Loop Glomeruli 331
|
Lupus nephropathy; type IV (diffuse proliferative form)
|
|
332
|
Spina Bifida
|
|
333
|
Anencephaly
|
|
↑Uric Acid 334
|
Gout
|
|
335
|
Lesch Nyhan
|
|
336
|
Myeloproliferative Disorders
|
|
337
|
Diuretics (Loop & Thiazides)
|
|
↓FEV1/FVC 338
|
COPD
|
|
339
|
Due to Pneumocystis carinii
|
|
340
|
Seen w/ Atelectasia
|
|
Honey Combing of the lung 341
|
Seen w/ Asbestosis (a restrictive lung disease)
|
|
Crescents 342
|
Goodpastures syndrome (pneumonia w/ hemoptysis & rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis)
|
|
Linear Ig Deposits 343
|
Goodpastures syndrome
|
|
45 Degree Branch Points 344
|
Aspergillosis
|
|
PAS(+) Dutcher Bodies 345
|
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia = ↑IgM = Hyperviscosity
|
|
“Ground Glass” in Abdomen(Hyaline) 346
|
Seen in the hepatocytes of healthy carriers of HBsAg in liver biopsies
|
|
“Signet Ring” Cells 347
|
Cells that replace the ovaries; due to Krukenberg’s tumor that has metastasized from the
|
|
Ground Glass Appearance (Hyaline) 348
|
Seen w/ Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy oligodendrocytes
|
|
349
|
Nuclei seen in Papillary CA of the thyroid (malignant)
|
|
Congo Red 350
|
Shows amyloid deposition in plaques & vascular walls
|
|
Meningiomas & Progesterone 351
|
Some meningiomas have Progesterone receptors = rapid growth in pregnancy can occur
|
|
Tuberous Sclerosis Triad 352
|
Seizures; Mental retardation; Leukoderma (congenital facial white spots or macules):
|
|
Cowdry A Inclusions 353
|
Seen w/ Herpes Simplex Encephalitis – in oligodendroglia
|
|
Devic’s Syndrome 354
|
“Neuromyelitis Optica”
|
|
355
|
A variant of multiple sclerosis: rapid demyelination of the optic nerve & spinal cord w/ paraplegia
|
|
c-erb B2 356
|
Breast Cancer association
|
|
Foster-Kennedy Syndrome 357
|
A tumor causing blindness & loss of smell w/ papilloedema
|
|
Hoffman’s Sign 358
|
Flicking of the middle finger’s nail
|
|
Red Nucleus Destruction 359
|
Intention tremors of the arm
|
|
Ventral Spinocerebellar tr
|
360
|
|
Dorsal Spinocerebellar tr
|
361
|
|
Cuneocerebellar tr
|
362
|
|
Dorsal Column 363
|
Conscious proprioception of the body
|
|
Lateral Spinothalamic tr
|
364
|
|
Ventral Spinothalamic tr
|
365
|
|
SVA 366
|
Taste & Smell
|
|
GSE 367
|
Muscles of the eye & of the tongue
|
|
SSA 368
|
Vision; Hearing; Equilibrium
|
|
GVA 369
|
Sensation of tongue; soft palate
|
|
GVE 370
|
Edinger Westphal = parasympathetic eye innervation
|
|
371
|
Gland innervation = secretions
|
|
372
|
Viscera
|
|
GSA 373
|
Pain & temperature of face
|
|
374
|
Sensation of external ear
|
|
SVE 375
|
Innervation of muscles of masticaiton; facial expressions; larynx & pharynx
|
|
LMN Lesion 376
|
Werndig Hoffman (progressive infantile muscular atrophy)
|
|
377
|
Poliomyelitis
|
|
Sensory Pathway Lesion 378
|
Subacute Combined Degeneration = Friedrich’s Ataxia = B12 deficiency
|
|
379
|
Tabes Dorsalis (Neurosyphilis)
|
|
Both UMN & LMN Lesion 380
|
ALS = Lou Gherig’s Disease
|
|
Both Sensory & Motor Lesion 381
|
Brown Sequard
|
|
382
|
Anterior Spinal artery Occlusion
|
|
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus 383
|
Controls circadian rhythm
|
|
Ventromedial Nucleus 384
|
Satiety center
|
|
Lateral Nucleus 385
|
Induces eating
|
|
Arcuate Nucleus 386
|
Releases PIF (dopa-ergic neurons)
|
|
Mamillary Body 387
|
Can have hemorrhages as seen in Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
|
|
Acanthocytes 388
|
RBSc w/ spiny projections
|
|
Most Common…
|
Questions
|
|
389
|
Osteosarcoma
|
|
Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults 390
|
Pheochromocytoma: 5 P’s: ↑Pressure; Pain (Headache); Perspiration; Palpitations;
|
|
391
|
Neuroblastoma
|
|
Agent of severe viral encephalitis 392
|
Herpes simplex
|
|
Aggressive lung tumor 393
|
Small cell or oat cell
|
|
Associated with gallstones 394
|
Adenocarinoma
|
|
Bacterial Meningitis – adults 395
|
Strep pneumoniae & in young adults = Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
Bacterial Meningitis – elderly 396
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
Bacterial Meningitis – newborns 397
|
E
|
|
Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers 398
|
Hib
|
|
399
|
Papilloma
|
|
Benign fallopian tube tumor 400
|
Adenomatoid
|
|
Benign ovarian tumor 401
|
Mature(Native) Teratoma = benign dermatoid
|
|
Benign tumor of soft tissue 402
|
Lipoma
|
|
Benign tumor of the breast <25yoa 403
|
Fibroadenoma
|
|
Benign tumor of the liver 404
|
Hemangioma
|
|
Benign tumor of the vulva 405
|
Hidroadenoma
|
|
Benign uterine tumor 406
|
Leiomyoma: estrogen sinsitive: changes size during pregnancy & menopause
|
|
Bone Tumors 407
|
Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
|
|
Brain Tumor – Child 408
|
Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
|
|
Brain Tumor –Adult 409
|
Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets; meningioma; Schwannoma
|
|
Breast Carcinoma 410
|
Invasive Duct Carcinoma
|
|
Breast Mass 411
|
Fibrocystic Change: premenopausic women (Carcinoma is the most common in post-menopausal
|
|
Bug in Acute Endocarditis 412
|
Staph aureus
|
|
413
|
Klebsiella
|
|
Bug in Epiglottitis 414
|
Hib
|
|
Bug in GI Tract 415
|
Bacteroides (2nd – E
|
|
416
|
Staph aureus
|
|
Bug in PID 417
|
N
|
|
Bug in Subacute Endocarditis 418
|
Strep Viridans
|
|
CA of urinary collecting system 419
|
Transitional cell CA (assoc
|
|
Cardiac 1ry Tumor – Adults 420
|
Myxoma: “Ball Valve”
|
|
Cardiac 1ry Tumor – Child 421
|
Rhabdomyoma – associated w/ Tuberous sclerosis
|
|
Cardiac Tumor – Adults 422
|
Metasteses
|
|
Cardiomyopathy 423
|
Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy: Alcohol; BeriBeri; Cocaine use; Coxsackie B; Doxorubicin
|
|
424
|
Systolic Dysfunction
|
|
Cause of 2ry HTN 425
|
Renal Disease
|
|
Cause of Addison’s 426
|
Autoimmune (2nd – infection)
|
|
Cause of breast lumps 427
|
CA of the breast
|
|
Cause of chronic endometriosis 428
|
TB
|
|
429
|
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: NaCl lost & Hypotension (then; 11- NaCl retention & HTN)
|
|
Cause of Cushings 430
|
Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then; 1ry ACTH; Adrenal Adenoma; Ectopic ACTH)
|
|
Cause of Death in Alzheimer pts 431
|
Pneumonia
|
|
Cause of Death in Diabetics 432
|
MI
|
|
Cause of Death in premature 433
|
NRDS = hyaline membrane disease
|
|
SLE pts
|
|
|
434
|
Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative) = Renal Disease
|
|
Cause of Dementia 435
|
Alzheimer’s
|
|
436
|
Multi-Infarct Dementia
|
|
Cause of Dwarfism 437
|
Achondroplasia
|
|
Cause of Food poisoning 438
|
Staph aureus
|
|
Cause of Hematosalpynga 439
|
Ectopic pregnancy
|
|
Cause of Hypoparathyroidism 440
|
Throidectomy
|
|
Cause of Hypothyroidism 441
|
Corrective surgery I31 treatment
|
|
Cause of Kidney infections 442
|
E
|
|
Cause of Liver disease in US 443
|
Alcohol consumption
|
|
Cause of Malignancy in children 444
|
Acute leukemia
|
|
Cause of Mental retardation 445
|
Down’s
|
|
446
|
Fragile X
|
|
447
|
21 hydroxylase deficiency
|
|
Cause of PID 448
|
N
|
|
Cause of Portal cirrhosis 449
|
Alcohol
|
|
Cause of Preventable Blindness 450
|
Chlamydia (serotypes A;B;Ba;C)
|
|
Cause of Pulmonary HTN 451
|
COPD
|
|
Cause of Secondary Hypertension 452
|
Renal disease
|
|
Cause of SIADH 453
|
Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
|
|
Cause of UT Obstruction in men 454
|
BPHyperplasia
|
|
Cause Pernicious Anemia 455
|
Chronic atrophic gastritis = no production of intrinsic factor
|
|
Chromosomal Disorder 456
|
Down’s
|
|
Common Tumor of the Appendix 457
|
Carcinoid tumor: flushing; diarrhea; bronchospasm; RHeart valvular lesions
|
|
458
|
Txt: Methysergide (5HT antagonist)
|
|
Congenital Cardiac Anomaly 459
|
VSD (membranous > muscular)
|
|
Congenital Early Cyanosis 460
|
Tetralogy of Fallot =right to left shunt
|
|
Coronary Artery Thrombosis 461
|
LAD artery: MI
|
|
Demyelinating Disease 462
|
Multiple Sclerosis: (Charcot Triad = nystagmus; intention tremor; scanning speech)
|
|
463
|
Periventricular plaques w/ ↓Oligodenrocytes
|
|
464
|
↑IgG in CSF; Optic Neuritis; MLF Syndorme = Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia; bladder
|
|
Dental Tumor 465
|
Odontoma
|
|
Dietary Deficiency 466
|
Iron
|
|
Disease of the Breast 467
|
Fibrocystic disease
|
|
468
|
CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)
|
|
Esophageal Cancer 469
|
SCCA
|
|
Fallopian Tube Malignancy 470
|
AdenoCA
|
|
471
|
Cystic Fibrosis (chromosome 7q)
|
|
Female Tumor 472
|
Leimyoma
|
|
Form of Amyloidosis 473
|
Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)
|
|
Form of Tularemia 474
|
Ulceroglandular
|
|
Germ Cell Tumor of Testes 475
|
Seminoma (analogous to dysgerminoma of ovaries)
|
|
Gynecological Malignancy 476
|
Endometrial Carcinoma
|
|
Gynecological Finding 477
|
Endometrial CA
|
|
Heart Murmur 478
|
Mitral Valve Prolapse
|
|
479
|
Mitral
|
|
480
|
Tricuspid
|
|
481
|
Mitral then Aortic
|
|
Hereditary Bleeding Disorder 482
|
Von Willebrand’s Disease
|
|
483
|
Prolactin
|
|
Inherited disease of the Kidney 484
|
Adult polycystic kidney disease: associated w/ polycystic liver; Berry aneurysms; Mitral prolapse
|
|
485
|
APD1 – chromosome 16
|
|
Intracranial tumor in adults 486
|
Glioblastoma mulitforme
|
|
Islet Tumor 487
|
Insulinoma = cell tumor
|
|
Liver 1ry Tumor 488
|
Hepatoma
|
|
Liver Disease 489
|
Alcoholic Liver Disease
|
|
490
|
Head (99%)
|
|
Location of Adult Brain Tumors 491
|
Above Tentorium
|
|
492
|
Below Tentorium
|
|
Lung Tumor; malignant or benign 493
|
Malignant
|
|
Lung Tumor; primary or secondary 494
|
Secondary
|
|
Lysosomal Storage Disease 495
|
Gaucher’s
|
|
Malignancy in Women 496
|
Lung (2nd breast)
|
|
Malignancy of the Larynx 497
|
Glottic CA (squamous cell)
|
|
Malignancy of the Small Intestine 498
|
Adenocarcinoma
|
|
Malignancy Vulva 499
|
Squamous cell CA
|
|
Malignant Eye Tumor in Kids 500
|
Retinoblastoma
|
|
Malignant Tumor of the Liver 501
|
Hepatocellular CA
|
|
Motor Neuron Disease 502
|
ALS
|
|
Muscular Dystrophy 503
|
Duchenne’s: Dystrophin deletion
|
|
Nasal Tumor 504
|
Squamous cell CA
|
|
Neoplasm – Child 505
|
Leukemia
|
|
506
|
Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)
|
|
Neoplasm of the West 507
|
Adeno CA of the rectum and/or colon
|
|
Neoplastic Polyp 508
|
Tubular adenoma
|
|
Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults 509
|
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
|
|
Nephrotic Syndrome in Children 510
|
Minimal Change (Lipoid Nephrosis) Disease (responds well to steroid txt)
|
|
Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 511
|
Follicular small clear cell
|
|
512
|
Lung CA
|
|
Skin tumor 513
|
Basal cell CA
|
|
Opportunistic infection in AIDS 514
|
PCP
|
|
Ovarian Malignancy 515
|
Serous Cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
Ovarian Tumor 516
|
Hamartoma
|
|
Pancreatic Tumor 517
|
Adeno (usually in the head)
|
|
518
|
ALL – Child / CLL – Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML – Adult 35-50
|
|
Patient with Goodpasture’s 519
|
Young male
|
|
Patient with Reiter’s 520
|
Male
|
|
Pituitary Tumor 521
|
Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)
|
|
522
|
Mid 1/3
|
|
Place for Peptic Ulcer Disease 523
|
Lesser curvuture in antrum – associated w/ blood group O
|
|
Primary Benign Salivary Tumor 524
|
Pleomorphic Adenoma (Mixed) – 90% localized to the parotid
|
|
Primary Hyperparathyroidism 525
|
Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia; then carcinoma)
|
|
Primary Malignancy of Bone 526
|
Osteosarcoma
|
|
527
|
Lymphoma
|
|
Pt
|
with Hodgkin’s 528
|
|
Pt
|
with Minimal Change Disease 529
|
|
Renal Malignancy 530
|
Renal cell CA
|
|
531
|
Wilm’s tumor (neohroblastoma) – chromosome 11p
|
|
Salivary Tumor 532
|
Pleomorphic adenoma
|
|
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 533
|
Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
|
|
Sexually Transmitted Disease 534
|
Chlamydia (sero types D-K)
|
|
Site of Diverticula 535
|
Sigmoid Colon
|
|
Site of Embolic Occlusion 536
|
Middle cerebral aa: contralateral paralysis; aphasias; motor & sensory loss
|
|
Site of Metastasis 537
|
Regional Lymph Nodes
|
|
538
|
Liver
|
|
Sites of Atherosclerosis 539
|
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
|
|
Skin CA of Fair Skinned People 540
|
Malignant melanoma
|
|
Skin Cancer 541
|
Basal Cell Carcinoma
|
|
542
|
Meckel’s diverticulum
|
|
Stomach Cancer 543
|
Adeno – associated w/ blood group A
|
|
Testicular Tumor 544
|
Seminoma = malignant painless testes growth
|
|
Thyroid Anomaly 545
|
Thryoglossal duct cyst
|
|
Thyroid CA 546
|
Papillary CA
|
|
Tracheoesophageal Fistula 547
|
Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch – polyhydramnios association
|
|
Tumor in men <20 548
|
Germ cell tumor
|
|
Tumor of Infancy 549
|
Benign vascular tumor = port wine stain = Hemangioma
|
|
550
|
CA of stomach (adeno CA)
|
|
Type of Hodgkin’s 551
|
Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance; lymphocytic depletion; nodular sclerosis)
|
|
Type of Non-Hodgkin’s 552
|
Follicular; small cleaved
|
|
Type of Portal Cirrhosis 553
|
Micronodular
|
|
554
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma
|
|
555
|
Temporal Arteritis (branch of Carotid Artery)
|
|
Viral Encephalitis 556
|
HSV
|
|
Worm Infection in US 557
|
Pinworm (2nd – Ascaris)
|
|
Worst Prognosis in Thyroid Cas 558
|
Follicular CA
|
|
Cause of Lobar Pneumonia 559
|
Strep
|
|
Cause of Death b/t 24-44 yoa 560
|
AIDS
|
|
561
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
562
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
Cause of Infection in Burn Pts 563
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
Mental Problem in Males 564
|
Specific phobia
|
|
Intelligence Test 565
|
Stanford Binet (ages 6 & under)
|
|
566
|
WIPSI (ages 4-6)
|
|
567
|
WISK-R (for ages 6-17)
|
|
568
|
WAIS-R (for > 17 yoa)
|
|
Paraphilia 569
|
Pedophilia
|
|
570
|
VMA: vanillylmandelic acid (NE metabolite)
|
|
Severe Shigella 571
|
Dysenteriae
|
|
572
|
Strep
|
|
Cause of a Solitary Brain Abscess 573
|
A
|
|
U
|
S
|
|
574
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
|
Shigella Type 575
|
S
|
|
576
|
Chlamydia trichomonas
|
|
Pneumonia 577
|
Strep
|
|
Urethritis 578
|
N
|
|
Cause of Glomerulonephritis 579
|
IgA Nephropathy = Berger’s Disease
|
|
Cause of Viral Pneumonia 580
|
RSV – infants
|
|
581
|
Parainfluenza – kids
|
|
582
|
Influenza virus – adults
|
|
583
|
Adeno virus – military recruits
|
|
Complication of COPD 584
|
Pulmonary infections
|
|
585
|
Renal failure
|
|
Atrial Septal Defect 586
|
Ostium Secundum Type
|
|
Warm Antibody 587
|
Most common form of immune hemolytic anemia
|
|
588
|
IgG auto antibodies to RBC
|
|
589
|
See spherocytosis; (+) Coombs’ test; complication to CLL
|
|
Immunodeficiency 590
|
IgA Deficiency
|
|
Congenital GIT Anomaly 591
|
Meckel’s Diverticulum: persistence of vitelline duct/yolk sac stalk
|
|
Cause of Congenital Malformation 592
|
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
|
|
Pharmacology
|
Autonomic Nervous System
|
|
Epinephrine 1
|
1; 2; 1; 2
|
|
Norepinephrine 2
|
1; 2; 1 (no 2 activity)
|
|
GABA 3
|
Causes an inhibitory cell hyperpolarization
|
|
Muscarinic-r 4
|
Uses DAG & IP3 as 2nd messengers
|
|
5
|
Parasympathetic control
|
|
Bethanechol 6
|
Cholinergic
|
|
Pilocarpine 7
|
Cholinergic
|
|
8
|
Txt acute glaucoma
|
|
Isoflurophate 9
|
Organophosphate
|
|
Pralidoxime 10
|
“2PAM”
|
|
Neostigmine 11
|
Reversible acetylcholinesterase (-)r
|
|
12
|
Txt Myasthenia Gravis
|
|
Myasthenia Gravis 13
|
Anitbodies to Ach-r
|
|
Tubocurium 14
|
Nondepol
|
|
15
|
Prevents Ach binding but does not activate NMJ
|
|
16
|
↑Histamine release= ↓BP & ↑bronchospasm
|
|
Trimethaphan 17
|
Nonselectively binds N-r of the PS- and SNS
|
|
Pancurium 18
|
More potent than tubocurium w/o histamine release
|
|
Succinylcholine 19
|
Depol
|
|
20
|
Opens Na Ch
|
|
1 & Eye 21
|
Mydriasis due to norepinephrine
|
|
M-r & Eye 22
|
Miosis due to Ach
|
|
Sympathetic 23
|
Post ganglionic symapthetic fibers releases norepinephrine
|
|
Parasym
|
24
|
|
M3-r & Eye 25
|
Contracts sphincter = miosis
|
|
M2-r & Heart 26
|
Negative chronotropy: ↓HR = vagal arrest
|
|
27
|
Negative inotropy: ↓contractility
|
|
M3-r & Lung 28
|
Bronchospasm ↑secretions
|
|
M3-r & GI 29
|
↑motility (cramps & diarrhea)
|
|
Tacrine 30
|
Acetylcholine esterase (-)r
|
|
Atropine 31
|
DOC w/ vagal arrest
|
|
Glycoperrolate 32
|
M-r(-)
|
|
Pirenzepine 33
|
M-r(-)
|
|
Doxacurium 34
|
Most potent competitive non-depol NMJ (-)r
|
|
release
|
|
|
bungarotoxin 35
|
Prevent the releasal of Ach from vesicles @ the pre synaptic nerve ending
|
|
bungarotoxin 36
|
Irreversible N-r (-)r = ↓action potentials
|
|
1 & Eye 37
|
Contracts radial muscle = mydriasis (pupil dilation)
|
|
1 & Arterioles 38
|
Constiction: ↑TPR = ↑Diastolic pressure = ↑Afterload
|
|
1 & Venules 39
|
Constriction: ↑Venous return = ↑Preload
|
|
1 & Sex Function 40
|
Ejaculation
|
|
↑Diastolic 41
|
↑1 = ↑TPR
|
|
↓Diastolic 42
|
↑2; Direct acting vasodilators; (+)Cholinergics
|
|
1 & Heart 43
|
(+)chronotropism = ↑HR
|
|
44
|
(+)inotropism = ↑contractility; ↑SV; ↑CO; ↑O2 consumption
|
|
45
|
↑conduction velocity
|
|
Phenylephrine 46
|
1 (+) Nasal decongestant
|
|
2(+) Asma Drugs 47
|
Metaproterenol; Albuterol; Terbutaline; Ritodrine; Salmeterol
|
|
Ritodrine/Turbutaline 48
|
Relaxes myometrium used in pre-mature labor pains
|
|
Phentolamine 49
|
Epi reversal
|
|
50
|
Txt pheochromocytoma = ↓BP
|
|
Terazosin 51
|
Txt BPH
|
|
Yohimbine 52
|
↑sympathetic outflow = 2 (-)
|
|
Cardioselective NMJ 53
|
Pancuronium = ↑HR due to atropine-like anti muscarinic vagolytic effect & Gallamine (-)r
|
|
Ecothiophate 54
|
Irreversible cholinesterase (-)r
|
|
Pyridostigmine 55
|
Cholinomimetic that ↑s M & N-r effects
|
|
56
|
DOC for the oral Txt of MG
|
|
Cardio
|
pharm
|
|
Digoxin 1
|
↓AV nodal conduction/ inh
|
|
Diltiazem 2
|
Txt black men
|
|
Quinidine 3
|
↓AV nodal conduction
|
|
Verapamil 4
|
↓AV nodal conduction
|
|
Propranolol 5
|
↓AV nodal conduction
|
|
Melitus via 2 block
|
|
|
Diazoxide 6
|
Balanced vasodilator
|
|
Niroprusside 7
|
Balanced vasodilator
|
|
Reserpine 8
|
Txt severe & resistant HTN
|
|
Dobutamine 9
|
At high doses 2(+) offsets 1 = 1 ↑CO w/o systemic vascular resistance
|
|
Dopamine 10
|
At low doses Txt Shock= dilates renal and mesenteric aa= maintain urine output
|
|
Esmolol 11
|
Short acting (-)
|
|
Captopril 12
|
Balanced vasodilator
|
|
Digoxin 13
|
Txt CHF & Atrial Flutter - inotropic - ↓K+ levels= dig
|
|
Dig
|
Toxicity 14
|
|
Quinidine 15
|
ClassIa anti arrhythmic
|
|
Lidocaine 16
|
ClassIb anit arrhythmic
|
|
Flecanide 17
|
ClassIc anti arrhythmic
|
|
Amiodarone 18
|
Long t1/2= need potent doses to obtain desired level for action
|
|
Pulmonary Fibrosis
|
|
|
NE 19
|
↑AV nodal conduction via 1
|
|
Ach 20
|
↓AV nodal conduction via M receptor
|
|
Atenolol 21
|
Controls catecholamine induced arrhythmias
|
|
Bretylium 22
|
Txt Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias but causes passing catecholamine release that can
|
|
Nimodipine 23
|
Txt Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage by preventing post hemorrhagic vasospasm
|
|
Atropine 24
|
↓excess vagal tone as seen in Sinus Bradycardia
|
|
Nitrates 25
|
↓preload= venous pooling
|
|
Propranolol 26
|
Blocks reflex tachy but causes excess brady= ↑diastole time= ↑EDV
|
|
Verapamil 27
|
↑O2 supply via ↓in vasospasm Txt Prinzmetal’s variant angina
|
|
Aspirin 28
|
Prevents arterial platelet adhesion (not DVThrombi)
|
|
Warfarin 29
|
(-)Vit
|
|
Heparin 30
|
Dependent on Antithrombin III activation
|
|
TPA 31
|
Binds to fibrin clots & activates plasminogen on the spot
|
|
32
|
Does not discriminate b/t fibrin-based clots= bleeding & stroke complications arise
|
|
Streptokinase 33
|
From bacteria= allergies arise
|
|
Urokinase 34
|
Human source
|
|
Colestipol 35
|
Bile acid sequestrants
|
|
MOA
|
|
|
Lovastatin 36
|
HMGCoA reductase(-)= ↑LDL-r synthesis
|
|
Losartan 37
|
↓Aldosterone
|
|
Diazoxide 38
|
Txt insulinomas
|
|
Clonidine 39
|
Central 2(+)
|
|
Methyldopa 40
|
Central 2(+)
|
|
Phenytoin 41
|
ClassIb
|
|
Procainamide 42
|
ClassIa
|
|
Indopamide 43
|
Only Thiazide that will have no effect on cholesterol levels
|
|
Thiazides 44
|
Older black men w/ HTN due to ↑Renin
|
|
(-) 45
|
Young white men w/o asthma (cause bronchospasm)
|
|
ACEIs 46
|
(-) change AI AII
|
|
47
|
Cause renal failure = use w/ caution in the elderly
|
|
Epinephrine 48
|
↑contraction rate & force via 1
|
|
49
|
↑systolic but ↓diastolic BP
|
|
50
|
↓peripheral resistance via 2 vasodilaiton
|
|
Norepi
|
51
|
|
52
|
↑peripheral blood vessel resistance
|
|
Methyldopa 53
|
DOC for pregnancy induced HTN
|
|
Quinidine pre-txt 54
|
Atrial arrhythmia pretxt w/ a drug that will ↓ventricular response: Dig
|
|
ClassII 55
|
(-) ↓risk fo reinfarction & sudden death following MI
|
|
“Gray man” 56
|
Amiodarone: ClassIII antiarrhythmia
|
|
Beperidil 57
|
Ca Ch(-)
|
|
ACEIs 58
|
Vasodilate renal efferents > than afferent arterioles: ↓GFR & Filtration pressure
|
|
59
|
↓Diabetic renal failure progression
|
|
Adenosine 60
|
Its receptor is blocked by Methylxanthines (ie… Theophyline)
|
|
61
|
Favored for the Txt of Reentrant Supra Ventricular Tachycardia
|
|
Enoxaparin 62
|
Low molecular weight heparin = Oral anticoagulant
|
|
Isoproterenol 63
|
↑HR & ↓MAP
|
|
Variant angina 64
|
Use Ca Ch
|
|
Contraindicated in CHF 65
|
(-)r = you don’t want to ↓the heart’s pumping strength
|
|
CNS
|
questions
|
|
“TOM” 1
|
Short –acting BDZs:
|
|
2
|
Triazolam
|
|
3
|
Onazelam
|
|
4
|
Midazolam
|
|
Butyrophenone 5
|
Haloperidol & Droperidol
|
|
Atypical D4 6
|
Clozapine – Thioridazine – Olanzepine – Risperidone = Do not cause EPS
|
|
Flumazenil 7
|
BDZ antidote for OD
|
|
Methylphenidate 8
|
Txt attention deficit disorder
|
|
Phenytoin 9
|
Causes aplastic anemia/ gingival hyperplasia/ cleft lip & palate
|
|
Thiopental 10
|
Short acting Barb
|
|
Carbamazepine 11
|
DOC trigeminal neuralgia
|
|
Atypical D4-r 12
|
Thioridazine; Olamzapine; Clozapine
|
|
Pimozide 13
|
Txt Tourette’s
|
|
Risperidone 14
|
Good for negative symptoms
|
|
Thioridazine 15
|
Most anti cholinergic neuroleptic
|
|
Haloperidol 16
|
Neuroleptic malignant hyperthermia due to chronic D2 block
|
|
Imirpamine 17
|
Enurisis
|
|
Clomirpramine 18
|
Txt OCD See aggressive behavior w/ use
|
|
Trazadone 19
|
Priapism
|
|
Bupropion 20
|
Helps to quit smoking
|
|
SSRIs 21
|
Primarily used for OCD
|
|
Fluoxetine 22
|
Good for negative symptoms
|
|
Phenelzine 23
|
Irreversible MAOI
|
|
Lithium 24
|
Txt manic phase of Bipolar Disorder
|
|
25
|
Causes goiter by (-) conversion of T4 to T3
|
|
26
|
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
|
|
27
|
Low salt diet will lead to Li toxicity
|
|
Alprazolam 28
|
DOC stage fright
|
|
Propranolol 29
|
Social phobia
|
|
-r 30
|
Spinal analgesia
|
|
-r 31
|
Supraspinal analgesia
|
|
Morphine & O2 32
|
Admin
|
|
breathing
|
|
|
Morphine 33
|
↑ICP = do not give to pt
|
|
Morphine OD 34
|
1
|
|
Meperidine 35
|
Anesthetic used during labor
|
|
Hydromorphone 36
|
(+) used in renal failure
|
|
Tramadol 37
|
Ambulatory txt for mod
|
|
Naloxone 38
|
Txt opioid OD
|
|
Pentazocine 39
|
Part (+) & part (-)
|
|
Butorphenol 40
|
Part (+) & part (-)
|
|
Nalbuphene 41
|
Part (+) & part (-)
|
|
↓GABA 42
|
↓seizure focus= Barbs & BDZs
|
|
↓Fast Na Ch
|
43
|
|
Methoxyflurane 44
|
Can be nephrotoxic
|
|
Enflurane 45
|
Can cause tonic/clonic muscle spasms
|
|
Isoflurane 46
|
Can cause bronchospasm
|
|
Halothane 47
|
Can cause ventricular extrasystoles & Malignant hyperthermia & Hepatitis
|
|
Nitric Oxide 48
|
No effect on HR
|
|
Thiopental 49
|
Short acting Barb
|
|
Kentamine 50
|
Dissociative anesthetic
|
|
Droperidol 51
|
Can be used in combo w/ Fentanyl for neuroleptoanalgesic effect
|
|
52
|
Neuroleptic tranquilizer
|
|
Fentanyl 53
|
Can be used on combo w/ Droperidol for neuroleptoanalgesic effect
|
|
54
|
Used transdermally for chronic pain
|
|
Midazolam 55
|
Pre anesthetic
|
|
Primidone 56
|
Biotransformed to Phenobarb
|
|
C & A delta Fibers 57
|
First fibers to be blocked w/ anesthesia
|
|
Esters 58
|
Procaine; Tetracaine; Benzocaine
|
|
59
|
Broken down and make PABA (allergen)
|
|
Amides 60
|
Lidocaine; Mepivaciane; Bupivaciane; Etidocaine= “i” before “caine” always an amide
|
|
61
|
Metabolized in the liver
|
|
Amphetamine 62
|
DA reuptake (-)’r
|
|
Bromocriptine 63
|
D2(+)
|
|
Benztropine 64
|
Ant M w/ some DA reuptake (-)
|
|
Amantidine 65
|
↓DA reuptake
|
|
Diphenhydramine 66
|
Txt early Parkinson’s stages
|
|
Pergolide 67
|
> Effective & longer acting than Bromocriptine
|
|
Ethosuximide 68
|
DOC for Absence seizures
|
|
Tranylcypromine 69
|
MAOI = antidepressant
|
|
SSRI & MAOI 70
|
Fatal combo; especially seen with the use of Paroxetine or Fluoxetine (SSRIs) and
|
|
Labor opioids 71
|
Meperidine & Nalbuphine
|
|
Desipramine causes 72
|
Sudden cardaic death in children
|
|
Anti-Infective
|
questions
|
|
Primaquine 4
|
Malaria profylaxis
|
|
5
|
Used for extraerythrocytic forms Plasmodium vivax or P
|
|
Ciporfloxacin 6
|
Quinolone derivative
|
|
Sulfonamides 7
|
PABA structural analogs
|
|
8
|
Inhibit Folic acid synthesis
|
|
9
|
Should not be used in anuric pt due to production of (-) Nitrogen balance & ↑d BUN levels
|
|
10
|
Doxycycline is the exception
|
|
Ceftriazone 11
|
3rd generation cephalosporin
|
|
12
|
DOC for bacterial meningitis in kids (ie… HiB)
|
|
13
|
One dose txt of gonorrhea
|
|
Hepatic coma DOC 14
|
Neomycin (aminoglycoside) – it supresses the normal flora = ↓g NH4 production = ↓g free
|
|
nitrogen levels in the bloodstream
|
|
|
Clavulanic acid 15
|
Irreversible (-)r of lactamases; but ot of transpeptidase = use w/ a lactamase sensitive
|
|
Piperacillin 16
|
Txt Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Klebsiella
|
|
17
|
Broad spectrum antibiotic
|
|
Streptomycin (aminoglycoside) 18
|
Txt Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
Isoniazid 19
|
Most commonly used drug for TB
|
|
20
|
Usually combined w/ Rifampin and/or Ethambutol
|
|
21
|
Pre Txt w/ Pyridoxine (Vit B6) can prevent peripheral neuritis‘
|
|
Pyrantel Pamoate 22
|
Txt of Hookworm disease
|
|
23
|
Depolarizing NMJ (-)r
|
|
Buy “AT” 30; “CELL” at 50 24
|
A = Aminoglycosides
|
|
25
|
T = Tetracyclines
|
|
26
|
C = Chloramphenicol
|
|
27
|
E = Erythromycin (macrolide)
|
|
28
|
L = Clindamycin
|
|
29
|
L = Lincomycin
|
|
Cefoxitin 30
|
Txt intraabdominal infections (ie… w/ Bacteroides fragilis)
|
|
31
|
Traditional txt has been Clindamycin & Gentamycin
|
|
Chloramphenicol 32
|
Broad spectrum antibiotic
|
|
33
|
Bone marrow depression (common) – Aplastic anemia (rare)
|
|
34
|
Gray baby syndrome (chloramphenicol cannot be conjugated)
|
|
35
|
DOC Typhoid Fever (symptomatic Salmonella infection)
|
|
36
|
DOC HiB meningitis in kids – especially resistant strain to ampicillin
|
|
Nifurtimox 37
|
Txt trypanosomiasis
|
|
Metronidazole 38
|
Txt Leishmaniasis & Amebiasis
|
|
39
|
Good for anaerobic bacteria = Bacteroides fragilis
|
|
40
|
DOC Trichomoniasis
|
|
41
|
DOC Giardia lamblia
|
|
Txt P
|
carinii 42
|
|
Tetracycline 43
|
Txt of Brucellosis & Cholera
|
|
44
|
Txt Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
|
|
45
|
Txt spirochete infections = Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi)
|
|
TMP-SMX 46
|
(-) dihydrofolate reductase activity
|
|
Benzathine Penicillin G 47
|
Long duration of action = given once every 3-4 weeks for Txt of Syphilis
|
|
Praziquantel 48
|
Txt Schistosomiasis (trematode [fluke] infections)
|
|
Melarsoprol 49
|
Txt Trypanosomiasis that has neurological symptoms
|
|
Stibogluconate 50
|
Txt Leishmaniasis
|
|
Fluconazole 51
|
Txt fungal encephalitis
|
|
Amphotericin B 52
|
Polyene antifingal
|
|
Ketoconazole MOA 53
|
(-) fungal ergosterol synthesis = disrupts membrane
|
|
Griseofulvin MOA 54
|
Accumulates in keratinized layers of the skin = used in dermatomycoses infections
|
|
Mefloquine 55
|
Anti malarial
|
|
56
|
Txt Chloroquine resistant strains = P
|
|
Chloroquine 57
|
Txt for Malaria when inside RBC
|
|
Nifurtimox 58
|
DOC Chagas disease due to Trypanosoma cruzi
|
|
Erythromycin 59
|
Used in pts allergic to penicillins
|
|
Nystatin 60
|
Topical txt of superficial mycotic infections = Candidiasis
|
|
Acyclovir 61
|
Guanine analog
|
|
62
|
Txt Herpes infections
|
|
Imipenem 63
|
Used w/ Cilastatin
|
|
64
|
Can cause seizures
|
|
Cefoperazone side effects 65
|
Bleeding due to vit K level alterations
|
|
66
|
Contraindicated in pts w/ bleeding disorders
|
|
Vancomycin 67
|
Used for MRSS (methicillin resistant Staph
|
|
68
|
“Red neck”: due to histamine release causes facial flushing
|
|
Meropenem 69
|
used w/ Cilastatin
|
|
70
|
Does not cause seizures (cf w/ Imipenem)
|
|
Nafcillin 71
|
Only penicillin that does not need dose adjustment in renal impairment
|
|
Peripheral neuropathy 72
|
Seen w/ use of:
|
|
73
|
Metronidazole – Isoniazid – Vincristine – ddI – AZT – Allopurinol
|
|
Sulfonamides & newborns 74
|
Kernicterus can occur
|
|
“O
|
N
|
|
76
|
O = Ofloxacin
|
|
77
|
N = Norfloxacin
|
|
78
|
E = Enoxacin
|
|
Ribavirin 79
|
Txt RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus)
|
|
Anti-Neoplastics
|
questions
|
|
Cyclosporine 80
|
Protects against rejections from organ transplants
|
|
81
|
Does not induce bone marrow depression
|
|
Cyclophosphamide 82
|
Alkylating agent of both purine & pyrimidine bases of DNA
|
|
83
|
Txt CLL
|
|
Cisplatin’s toxicities 84
|
Nephro- & Ototoxicity
|
|
Methotrexate 85
|
Antimetabolite of folic acid: (-)dihydrofolate reductase
|
|
Leucovorin Rescue 86
|
Can block/reduce Methotrexate = ↑folic acid via a reduced folate
|
|
Bleomycin toxicities 87
|
Pneumonitis & pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
Azathiorine 88
|
Used in organ transplantation = kidney allografts
|
|
89
|
Allopurinol can ↑its activity by (-) its biotransformation to xanthine oxidase
|
|
MOPP 90
|
Chemotherapy used in the txt of Hodgkin’s disease
|
|
91
|
M = Mechlorethamine – nitrogen mustard
|
|
92
|
O = Oncovin (Vincristine) – prevents microtubule assembly
|
|
93
|
P = Procarbazine
|
|
94
|
P = Prednisone – glucocorticoid; inducing apoptosis
|
|
Tamoxifen 95
|
(-) estrogen receptor
|
|
96
|
Txt of breast tumors; can see associated endometrial CA
|
|
Flutamide 97
|
Antiandrogenic
|
|
98
|
Used w/ Leuprolide (LH-RH analog)
|
|
99
|
Txt prostatic CA
|
|
Megestrol 100
|
(-) progesterone receptor
|
|
101
|
Txt endometrial CA
|
|
Fluoxymesterone 102
|
Androgenic steroid
|
|
103
|
Txt mammary CA in postmenopausal women
|
|
Methotrexate 104
|
Folic acid analog that (-) tetrahydrofolate synthesis by (-) dihydrofolate reductase
|
|
105
|
Txt of ALL
|
|
106
|
Txt of Psoriasis
|
|
Brain tumor Txt 107
|
Lomustine
|
|
108
|
Carmustine – Causes pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
Streptozocin 109
|
Attaches to cells
|
|
110
|
Txt of pancreatic insulinomas
|
|
Cytarabine (AraC) 111
|
Pyrimidine analog
|
|
112
|
DOC for AML
|
|
Dactinomycin 113
|
Used for Wilms tumor & rhabdomyosarcoma
|
|
Etoposide 114
|
Used for oat cell CA
|
|
Paclitaxel 115
|
Used for ovarian CA
|
|
Amifostine 116
|
Can ↓nephrotoxicity due to chronic use of Cisplatin
|
|
Pathology
|
questions
|
|
Mobitz I 117
|
Usually due to inferior MI
|
|
118
|
Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol
|
|
Mobitz II 119
|
BBB association
|
|
P wave 120
|
Atrial depol
|
|
a wave 121
|
LA contraction
|
|
T wave 122
|
Vetricular repol
|
|
Wavy fibers 123
|
Eosinophilic bands of necrotic myocytes
|
|
Janeway’s lesions 124
|
Acute bacterial endocarditis
|
|
125
|
Nontender; erythematous lesions of palms & soles
|
|
Osler’s nodes 126
|
Subacute bacterial endocarditis
|
|
127
|
Tender lesions of fingers & toes
|
|
Thiamine defcy 128
|
Wet Beri Beri heart
|
|
129
|
Dyr Beri Beri = peripheral neuropathy
|
|
130
|
Wernicke-Korsakoff = ataxia; confusion; confabulation; memory loss
|
|
Fibrinous Pericarditis 131
|
Associated w/ MI: Dressler’s
|
|
Serous Pericarditis 132
|
Associated w/ nonbacterial; viral (Coxsackie) infection; immunologic reaction
|
|
Friction Rub 133
|
Pericarditis association
|
|
Hemorrhagic Pericarditis 134
|
Associated w/ TB or neoplasm
|
|
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 135
|
Aka infiltrative cardiomyopathy that stiffens the heart
|
|
136
|
Due to amyloidosis in the elderly
|
|
137
|
Due to ; also see schaumann & asteroid bodies in young (<25 yoa)
|
|
PML’s infectious agent 138
|
JC Virus (Papovavirus = dsDNA; naked icosahedral capsid)
|
|
Edema 139
|
↑Pc (more seeps out)
|
|
140
|
↓c (less reabsorbed)
|
|
141
|
↑permeability
|
|
142
|
Block lymphatic drainage
|
|
Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease 143
|
Commonly see liver cysts & Berry aneurysms along w/ kidney cysts
|
|
present
|
|
|
144
|
3 cysts in ea
|
|
Malignant HTN & Kidneys 145
|
Petehial hemorrhages are seen on kidney surfaces = Flea-Bitten surface = young black men
|
|
Nephritic signs 146
|
Hematuria; RBC casts; HTN
|
|
Nephrotic signs 147
|
Proteinuria; Hypoalbuminemia; Edema
|
|
Podocyte Effacement seen w/ 148
|
Minimal Change (Lipoid nephrosis) disease
|
|
ASO seen in 149
|
Acute post-streptococcal GN (due to HGASrtep)
|
|
150
|
Anti streptolysin O
|
|
Crescentic GN 151
|
Rapidly progressive GN – nephritic syndrome
|
|
152
|
Associated w/ multi system disease or post-strep/post infectious glomerular nephritis
|
|
Hereditary Nephritis 153
|
Alport’s syndrome
|
|
154
|
Renal disease w/ deafness & ocualr abnormalities
|
|
Membranoproliferative GN 155
|
Can be secondary to complement deficiency; chronic infections; CLL
|
|
156
|
See tram tracking
|
|
157
|
C3 & IgG deposits
|
|
158
|
Only C3 deposits
|
|
GN deposits 159
|
Aka Dense deposit disease
|
|
160
|
IgM & C3 deposits
|
|
Cold agglutinins 161
|
Seen in atypical pneumonia
|
|
162
|
It is IgM Ab with specificity for I Ag on adult RBCs
|
|
Scrofula 163
|
TB in the lymph nodes
|
|
Aspirin-Asthma Triad 164
|
Nasal polyps – Rhinitis – bronchoconstriction
|
|
Ferruginous bodies 165
|
Hemosiderin (pigment w/ Fe3-) covered macrophages that have been pahgocytised
|
|
Pancoast’s tumor causes 166
|
Ulnar nerve pain & Horner’s syndrome
|
|
Fatty degeneration 167
|
Made up primarily of triglycerides
|
|
168
|
Most commonly due to alcoholism which commonly leads to hepatic cirrhosis
|
|
169
|
Associated w/ CCl4
|
|
Cloudy swelling 170
|
Failure of cellular Na pump
|
|
171
|
Seen in Fatty degeneration of the liver and in Hydropic (Vacuolar) degeneration of the liver
|
|
Hydropic degeneration 172
|
Severe form of cloudy swelling
|
|
173
|
Seen with hypokalemia induced by vomitting/diarrhea
|
|
Liquefaction necrosis 174
|
Rapid enzymatic break down of lipids
|
|
175
|
Seen commonly in Brain & Spinal cord (CNS) injuries
|
|
176
|
Seen in suppurative infections = pus formation
|
|
Coagulation necrosis 177
|
Result of sudden ischemia
|
|
178
|
Seen in organs w/ end arteries limited collateral circulation) = heart; lung; kidney; spleen
|
|
Caseation necrosis 179
|
Combination of both coagulation & liquefaction necrosis
|
|
180
|
Seen w/ M
|
|
Fibrinoid necrosis 181
|
Seen in the walls of small arteries
|
|
182
|
Associated w/ malignant hypertension; polyarteritis nodosa; immune mediated vasculitis
|
|
Fat necrosis 183
|
Result of lipase actions liberated from pancreatic enzymes
|
|
184
|
Seen w/ Acute pancreatitis = saponification results
|
|
Hemoptysis 185
|
Blood in sputum
|
|
Pulmonary embolism 186
|
Most commonly thrombus from lower extremity vein
|
|
Phlebothrombosis 187
|
From a vein of lower extremities; of a pregnant uterus; in Congestive heart failure; bed ridden
|
|
188
|
As a complicaiton in a pt w/ Pancreatic CA due to ↑d blood coagulability
|
|
Saddle embolus 189
|
Embolus lodged in bifurcation of pulmonary trunks
|
|
190
|
↑↑RV strain = RV & RA dilate = Acute cor Pulmonale
|
|
Paradoxical embolism 191
|
Right to Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation
|
|
192
|
Patent ovale foramen or Atrial septal defect
|
|
Tuberculoid granuloma 193
|
Collection of macrophages w/o caseation
|
|
194
|
Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (non-caseating); Syphilis; Brucellosis and Leprotic infections
|
|
Cellulitis 195
|
Spreading infection due to streptococcus
|
|
PSA 196
|
Prostate Specific Antigen = elevated in prostatic CA
|
|
↑↑5-HT 197
|
In cases of metastatic carcinoid; txt w/ Methysergide (5HT antagonist)
|
|
↑Feto Protein 198
|
Hepatocarcinoma
|
|
199
|
Neural tube defects
|
|
CEA 200
|
Carcinoembryonic Antigen = elevated in Colon CA
|
|
Chromosome 13 201
|
Retinoblastoma
|
|
Chromosome 11p 202
|
Wilms tumor of the kidney
|
|
Vinyl Chloride 203
|
Associated w/ Angiosarcoma of the liver
|
|
Agent Orange 204
|
Contains dioxin
|
|
205
|
Implicated as a cause of Hodgkin;s disease; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma & soft tissue sarcomas
|
|
Parasites & CA 206
|
Schistosoma haematobium = Urinary bladder CA
|
|
207
|
S
|
|
208
|
Aspergillus flavus = potent hepatocarcinogen
|
|
Ochronosis 209
|
Alkaptonuria
|
|
210
|
Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisic acid (oxidizes tyrosine)
|
|
211
|
Involving intervertebral disks = Ankylosing Spondilitis = Poker spine
|
|
212
|
See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera; tendons; cartilage
|
|
Lead poisoning 213
|
Acid fast inclusion bodies
|
|
214
|
↑urinary coproprophyrin
|
|
215
|
Anemia: microcytic/ hypochromic
|
|
216
|
Stippling of the basophils
|
|
217
|
Gingival line & lead line in bones: x-ray
|
|
218
|
Mental retardation
|
|
Heroin OD; clinically 219
|
Massive pulmonary edema w/ frothy fluid from the nostrils
|
|
Fetal alcohol syndrome 220
|
Small head; small eyes; funnel chest; ASD; mental deficiency; and hirsutism
|
|
Atypical mycobacterium 221
|
M
|
|
Cold abscesses 222
|
Liquefied TB lesions similar to pyogenic abscesses but lacking acute inflammation
|
|
Actinomyces isrealli 223
|
Farmers infection
|
|
224
|
Lumpy jaw (from chewing grain) & PID (IUD); but most common is due to saprophyticus
|
|
Congenital Syphilis 225
|
Saddle nose; Saber shin; Hutchinson’s teeth; nerve deafness; interstitial keratitis
|
|
Warthin-Finkeledy cells 226
|
Reticuloendothelial giant cells on tonsils; lymph nodes; spleen
|
|
227
|
Seen with Rubeola (measles) due to paramyxovirus
|
|
Diphyllobothrium latum 228
|
Tapeworm infection causing megaloblastic anemia by consuming large amount of vit B12 in the
|
|
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis 229
|
Hemolytic Streptococci (S
|
|
Acute Bacterial Endocarditis 230
|
Staph aureus; Hemolytic Streptococci; E
|
|
231
|
Common among drug addicts & diabetics
|
|
Mitral Insufficiency 232
|
Ruptured papillary muscle
|
|
Left Anterior Descending branch 233
|
Branch of the Left Coronary artery
|
|
234
|
Highest frequency of thrombotic occlusion
|
|
235
|
MI = anterior wall of the LV; especially in apical part of interventricular septum
|
|
Left Circumflex branch 236
|
Branch of the Left Coronary artery
|
|
237
|
Occlusion = MI of posterior/lateral wall of the LV
|
|
Dissecting Aneurysm 238
|
False aneurysm: it is splitting of the media of the aorta
|
|
239
|
Usually accompanied w/ long history of severe hypertension; also seen w/ familial hyperlipidemia;
|
|
240
|
Zones of medial necrosis +/- slitlike cysts = Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim
|
|
Cor Pulmonale 241
|
Right ventricular strain; associated w/ right ventricular hypertrophy
|
|
Acute Cor Pulmonale 242
|
Sudden right ventricular strain due to a massive pulmonary embolism
|
|
Bronchopneumonia 243
|
Lobular (rather than lobar)
|
|
244
|
Due to Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella; E
|
|
245
|
Abscess formation is common
|
|
Lobar pneumonia 246
|
Due to Strep
|
|
247
|
Red Hepatization: days 1-3 of the pneumonia
|
|
248
|
Gray Hepatization: days 3-8 of untreated pneumonia
|
|
249
|
Complicaitons: pleural effusion; atelectasia; fibrinous pleuritis; empyema; fibrinous pericarditis;
|
|
Bronchiectasis 250
|
Permanent dilatation of the bronchi – predisposed by chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip
|
|
251
|
Supparation associated
|
|
252
|
Lower lobe > than upper lobe involvement
|
|
Cold Agglutinins 253
|
Found w/ Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
|
Panlobular Emphysema 254
|
1 – antitrypsin deficiency; causing elastase ↑= ↑compliance in the lung
|
|
Bulla 255
|
Associated w/ Emphysema = “Bleb” = outpouching - If it ruptures causes Pneumothorax
|
|
Farmer’s Lung 256
|
Due to Micropolyspora faeni (thermophilic actinomycetes)
|
|
Bagassosis 257
|
Due to M
|
|
258
|
Inhalation of sugar cane dust
|
|
Silo-Filler’s Lung 259
|
Due to Nitrogen dioxide from nitrates in corn
|
|
G6PDH Deficiency 260
|
Sex-linked chronic hemolytic anemia w/o challenge or after eating fava beans
|
|
261
|
Heinz Bodies appear in RBCs
|
|
HbF ↑↑262
|
Sickle Cell Anemia
|
|
Multiple Myeloma 263
|
Lytic lesions of flat bones (“salt & pepper lesions”) = vertebrae; ribs; skull; Hypercalcemia; Bence-
|
|
Hodgkin’s Disease 264
|
Malignant neoplasm of the lymph nodes causing pruritis; fever = looks like an acute infection
|
|
265
|
Reed Sternberg cells
|
|
Polyarteritis Nodosa 266
|
Immune complex disease of Ag-Ab complexes on blood vessel wall
|
|
267
|
Half of the immune complexes have Hepatitis B Ag
|
|
268
|
Can see fever; abd
|
|
Sprue 269
|
Celiac disease due to a gluten-induced enteropathy = small intestine villi are blunted
|
|
270
|
High titers of anti-gliadin Abs & ↑IgA levels
|
|
Regional Enteritis 271
|
Crohn’s Disease
|
|
272
|
Association w/ Arthritis; Uveitis; Erythema Nodosum
|
|
Whipple’s Disease 273
|
Intestinal Lipodystrophy = malabsorption syndrome
|
|
Kulchitsky cells 274
|
Neural cest cells from which carcinoids arise = of the Bronchi; GIT; Pancreas
|
|
Ulcerative Colitis 275
|
Inflammatory disease of the colon w/ ↑colon CA incidence
|
|
276
|
Crypt abscess in the crypts of Lieberkuhn
|
|
277
|
Pseudopolyps when ulcers are deep
|
|
278
|
Not transmural involvement
|
|
Vaginal Adenosis 279
|
Women exposed to DES (Diethylstilbesterol) in utero before the 18th week of pregnancy
|
|
280
|
Some develop clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina & cervix
|
|
Scirrhous Carcinoma 281
|
Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma w/ fibrosis – most common type of breast carcinoma
|
|
Hofbauer Cells 282
|
Lipid laden macrophages seen in villi of Erythroblastosis Fetalis
|
|
Retinopathy of Prematurity 283
|
Retrolental Fibroplasia = cause of bindness in premies due to high O2 concentrations
|
|
IgA deficiency 284
|
Pt has recurrent infections & diarrhea w/ ↑respiratory tract allergy & autoimmune diseases
|
|
285
|
If given blood w/ IgA = develop severe; fatal anaphylaxis reaction
|
|
Priamry Sjorgen’s 286
|
Dry eyes & dry mouth; arthritis
|
|
disease
|
|
|
Secondary Sjorgen’s 287
|
Rheumatoid arthritis; SLE; or systemic sclerosis association
|
|
288
|
RA association shows HLA-DR4
|
|
LDH1 & LDH2 289
|
Myocardium
|
|
LDH3 290
|
Lung tissue
|
|
LDH4 & LDH5 291
|
Liver cells
|
|
Keratomalacia 292
|
Severe Vit A deficiency
|
|
Metabisfite Test 293
|
Suspending RBCs in a low O2 content solution
|
|
294
|
Can detect Hemoglobin S; which sickles in low O2
|
|
295
|
Can be due to Hemolyitc Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
|
|
296
|
See Helmet cells
|
|
Wright’s stain 297
|
Stain for Burkitt’s lymphoma
|
|
Mononucleosis 298
|
Due to EBV infeciton
|
|
299
|
If Mono is treated w/ Ampicillin; thinking that it is a strep pharyngitis; a rash will occur
|
|
T(8;14) 300
|
Burkitt’s lymphoma = c-myc oncogene overexpression
|
|
T(9;22) 301
|
CML = c-abl/bcr gene formation = Philadelphia translocation
|
|
Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis 302
|
Letter Siwe syndrome; Hand Schuller Christian Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma
|
|
303
|
Birbeck granules are present = tennis racket shape
|
|
Myeloid Metaplasia 304
|
Alkaline phosphatase ↑/normal compare to CML = low to absent
|
|
305
|
Anemia; splenomegaly; platelets > 1 million = extensive extra-medullary hematopoiesis
|
|
Multiple Myeloma 306
|
Weakness; wt
|
|
307
|
Serum M protein spike – most often of IgG or IgA
|
|
308
|
Hypercalcemia (↑bone destruction)
|
|
T(14;18) 309
|
NH Lymphoma = bcl2 proto-oncogene overexpression seen w/ Small Cleaved Cell (Follicualr)
|
|
Focal Segmental GN exs 310
|
IgA Focal GN = Berger’s disease; SLE; PAN; Schonlein-Henoch purpura (anaphylactoid purpura)
|
|
Nephrotic Syndrome exs 311
|
Focal (Segmental) GN; Membranous GN; Lipoid (Minimal Change) GN; Membranoproliferative GN;
|
|
Schistosoma Haematobium 312
|
Infection is assocaited w/ Squamous cell CA of the Bladder (most common Bladder CA is
|
|
313
|
Associated w/ portal HTN due to intrahepatic obstruction
|
|
Penicillin Resistant PID 314
|
PID is usually due to N
|
|
Duret Hemorrhages 315
|
Severe ↑in ICP w/ downward diplacement of cerebellar tonsils into Foramen Magnum causing a
|
|
316
|
Nearly always associated w/ death due to damage to the vital centers in these areas
|
|
Hypertensive Hemorrhage 317
|
Predilection for lenticulostriate arteries = putamen & internal capsule hemorrhages
|
|
Cerebral Embolism from 318
|
MI w/ Mural Thrombi; Atrial Fib Thrombi = Marantic thrombi; L-sided Bacterial Endocarditis;
|
|
Neurosyphilis 319
|
Tabes Dorsalis = ↓joint position sensation; ↓pain sensation; ataxia; Argyl Robertson pupils
|
|
320
|
Syphilitic meningitis
|
|
321
|
Paretic neurosyphilis
|
|
5p- 322
|
Cri di Chat: mental retardation; small head; wide set eyes; low set ears; cat-like cry
|
|
Trisomy 13 323
|
Patau’s: small head & eyes; cleft lip & palate; many fingers
|
|
Acute Cold Agglutinaiton 324
|
Abs to I blood group Ag
|
|
325
|
Complication of EBV or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections
|
|
Chronic Cold Agglutinaiton 326
|
Associated w/lymphoid neoplasms
|
|
RBC Osmotic Fragility 327
|
Hereditary Spherocytosis
|
|
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas 328
|
Small Lymphocytic: low grade B cell lymphoma of the elderly
|
|
329
|
Small Cleaved cell (Follicualr): low grade B cell lymphoma of the elderly
|
|
330
|
Large Cell
|
|
331
|
Lymphoblastic: high grade T cell lymphoma of kids progressing to T-ALL
|
|
332
|
Small Non Cleaved = Burkitt’s: high grade B cell lymphoma
|
|
appearance
|
T(8;14) c-myc proto-oncogene
|
|
Singer’s Nodules 333
|
Benign laryngeal polyps associated w/ smoking & overuse of the voice
|
|
Paraseptal emphysema 334
|
Associated w/ blebs (large subpleural bullae) that can rupture and cause pneumothorax
|
|
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome 335
|
Obstructed due to bronchogenic carcinoma
|
|
Betel nuts 336
|
Associated to oral cancer
|
|
Fundal (Type A) Gastritis 337
|
Antibodies to parietal cells; pernicious anemia; autoimmune diseases
|
|
Antral (Type B) Gastritis 338
|
Associated w/ Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori infection
|
|
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 339
|
Autoimmune origin; middle aged women; anti-mitochondrial Abs
|
|
340
|
Jaundice; itching; hypercholesterolemia (can see cutaneous xanthomas)
|
|
Acute Pancreatitis 341
|
↑pancreatic enzymes = fat necrosis; sapponification = hypocalcemia; ↑serum amylase
|
|
342
|
Severe epigastric ab pain; prostration; radiation to the back
|
|
Radiating Back Pain 343
|
Chronic pancreatitis
|
|
Complete Hydatidiform Mole 344
|
No embryo
|
|
Partial Hydatidiform Mole 345
|
Embryo
|
|
Cold Nodules 346
|
Hypoplastic Goiter nodules that do not take up radio active iodine
|
|
Acidophils 347
|
Mammotrophs = Prolactin
|
|
348
|
Somatotrophs = GH
|
|
Basophils 349
|
Thyrotrophs = TSH
|
|
350
|
Gonadotrophs = LH
|
|
351
|
Corticotrophs = ACTH & FSH
|
|
Lacunar Strokes 352
|
Small/focal aa occlusions
|
|
353
|
Sensory: lesion of thalamus
|
|
354
|
Motor: lesion of internal capsule
|
|
CSF of Bacterial Meningitis 355
|
↓Glucose; ↑Protein; ↑Neutrophils; ↑Pressure
|
|
CSF of Viral Meningitis 356
|
Normal Glucose; +/-↑Protein; ↑Lymphocytes
|
|
Marble Bone Disease 357
|
Osteoporosis: Albers-Schonberd Disease = inspite of ↑d bone density; many fractures = ↓
|
|
C5a 358
|
Involved in Chemotaxis (for Neutrophils)
|
|
C3b 359
|
Involved in Opsonization (& IgG)
|
|
Anaphylotoxins 360
|
C3a & C5a (mediate Histamine release from Basophils & Mast cells)
|
|
Vasoactive Mediators 361
|
Vasoconstriction: TxA2; LTC4; LTD4; LTE4; PAF
|
|
362
|
Vasodilation: PGI2; PGD2; PGE2; PGF2; Bradykinin; PAF
|
|
363
|
↑d Vascular Permeability: Hist
|
|
Platelet Aggregation 364
|
ADP; Thrombin; TxA2; collagen; Epinephrine; PAF
|
|
Platelet Antagonist 365
|
Prostacyclin (PGI2)
|
|
Intrinsic Pathway 366
|
F XII (Hagman): APTT
|
|
Extrinsic Pathway 367
|
F VII: PT
|
|
Lines of Zahn 368
|
Aterial thrombi = pale red colored (dark red is venous thrombi)
|
|
Currant Jelly appearance 369
|
Post mortem clots
|
|
Emigration: Chemotaxis 370
|
Margination
|
|
371
|
Pavementing
|
|
372
|
Adhesion
|
|
373
|
Chemotaxis
|
|
374
|
Phagocytosis
|
|
375
|
Intracellular microbial killing
|
|
Transudate 376
|
Specific gravity < 1
|
|
Exudate 377
|
Specific gravity > 1
|
|
Hurler’s 378
|
Lysosomal storage disease L Iduronidase – Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate accumulation
|
|
Galactosemia 379
|
Deficiency of Galactose 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase
|
|
Phenylketonuria 380
|
Deficiency: Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
|
|
381
|
Mousy body odor
|
|
Autosomal Dominant Diseases 382
|
Adult Poly Cystic Kidney Disease
|
|
383
|
Familial Hypercholestrolemia Disease
|
|
384
|
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telengectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu)
|
|
385
|
Hereditary Spherocytosis
|
|
386
|
Huntington’s Disease (chromosome 4p)
|
|
387
|
Marfan’s Syndrome
|
|
388
|
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s)
|
|
389
|
Tuberous Sclerosis
|
|
390
|
Von Hippel Lindau Disease
|
|
Autosomal Recessive Diseases 391
|
Tay-Sachs
|
|
392
|
Gaucher’s
|
|
393
|
Niemann-Pick
|
|
394
|
Hurler’s
|
|
395
|
Von Gierke’s
|
|
396
|
Pompe’s
|
|
397
|
Cori’s
|
|
398
|
McArdle’s
|
|
399
|
Galactosemia
|
|
400
|
PKU
|
|
401
|
Alcaptonuria
|
|
X Linked Recessive Diseases 402
|
Hunter’s Syndrome (L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase deficincy; ↑Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate)
|
|
403
|
Fabry’s Disease (Galactosidase A deficiency; ↑Ceremide Trihexoside)
|
|
404
|
Classic Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency; F8 Gene on X chromosome is bad; ↑Ceremide Trihexoside)
|
|
405
|
Lisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency; ↑Uric acid)
|
|
406
|
G6Phosphatase deficiency (G6PDH deficiency; ↑Ceremide trihexoside)
|
|
407
|
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (Dystrophin deficinecy; ↑Ceremide Trihexoside)
|
|
408
|
Type I (Anaphylactic): IgE mediated
|
|
409
|
Type II (Cytotoxic): Warm Ab autoimmune hemolytic anemia; hemolytic transfusion reactions;
|
|
410
|
Type III (Immune Complex): Insoluble complement bound aggregates of Ag-Ab complexes
|
|
411
|
Type IV (Delayed = Cell mediated immunity): Delayed hypersensitivity
|
|
Transplant Rejections 412
|
Hyperacute Rejection = occurs w/in minutes of transplant
|
|
413
|
Acute Rejection = occurs w/in days to months of transplant
|
|
rejection type that can be treated w/ therapy
|
|
|
414
|
Chronic Rejection = occurs months to years of transplant
|
|
Blood Metastasis 415
|
Sarcoma; exception – renal cell CA: early venous invasion
|
|
Lymph Metastasis 416
|
Carcinoma; exception – renal cell CA: early venous invasion
|
|
Aflatoxin 417
|
Seen w/ Aspergillus
|
|
Cleft Lip 418
|
Incomplete fusion of maxillary prominence w/ median nasal prominence
|
|
Cleft Palate 419
|
Incomplete fusion of lateral palatine process w/ each other & median nasal prominence & medial
|
|
Craniopharyngioma 420
|
Pituitary tumor - usually calcified
|
|
Common peroneal lesion Foot drop
|
No dorsiflexion or eversion of the foot
|
|
Diract inguinal hernia Goes through superficial inguinal ring
|
|
|
Hemiballism Wild flailing of 1 arm
|
Lesion of the sub thalamic nucleus
|
|
MLF Syndrome Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia: medial rectus palsy on lateral gaze; Nystagmus on abducting eye
|
|
|
Cori Cycle Keeps muscles working anaerobically
|
|
|
Cones Color vision
|
Contain Iodopsin = Red-Blue-Green specific pigment
|
|
Rods Contain Rhodopsin pigment
|
High sensitivity
|
|
Epiblast @ 2nd week: forms the primitive streak; from which Meso & Endo come from
|
Directly gives rise to
|
|
Ecto
|
|
|
Sydenham’s Chorea Post streptococcal infection
|
Necrotizing arteritis of the caudate; putamen; thalamus
|
|
Agranulocytosis 421
|
Clozapine; Chloramphenical
|
|
Aplastic Anemia 422
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
423
|
NSAIDs
|
|
424
|
Benzene
|
|
Atropine-like Side Effects 425
|
Tricyclics
|
|
Cardiotoxicity 426
|
Doxorubicin
|
|
427
|
Daunorubicin
|
|
Cartilage Damage in Children 428
|
Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin & Norfloxacin)
|
|
Cinchonism 429
|
Quinidine
|
|
Cough 430
|
ACE Inhibitors
|
|
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus 431
|
Lithium (Txt w/ Amiloride)
|
|
Disulfiram-like Effect 432
|
Metronidazole
|
|
433
|
Sulfonylureas (1st generation)
|
|
Extrapyramidal Side Effects 434
|
Antipsychotics (Thioridazine; Haloperidol; Chlorpromazine)
|
|
Fanconi’s Syndrome 435
|
Tetracycline
|
|
Fatal Hepatotoxicity (necrosis) 436
|
Valproic Acid
|
|
437
|
Halothane
|
|
438
|
Acetaminophen
|
|
Gingival Hyperplasia 439
|
Phenytoin
|
|
Gray Baby Syndrome 440
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
Gynecomastia 441
|
Cimetidine
|
|
442
|
Azoles
|
|
443
|
Spironolactone
|
|
444
|
Digitalis
|
|
445
|
Sulfonamides
|
|
446
|
Isoniazid
|
|
447
|
Aspirin
|
|
448
|
Ibuprofen
|
|
449
|
Primaquine
|
|
Hepatitis 450
|
Isoniazid
|
|
Hot Flashes; Flushing 451
|
Niacin
|
|
452
|
Tamoxifen
|
|
453
|
Ca++ Channel Blockers
|
|
Induce CP450 454
|
Barbiturates – Phenobarbital
|
|
455
|
Phenytoin
|
|
456
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
457
|
Rifampin
|
|
Inhibit CP450 458
|
Cimetidine
|
|
459
|
Ketoconazole
|
|
Interstitial Nephritis 460
|
Methicillin
|
|
461
|
NSAIDs (except Aspirin)
|
|
462
|
Furosemide
|
|
463
|
Sulfonamides
|
|
Monday Disease 464
|
Nitroglycerin Industrial exposure →tolerance during week →loss of tolerance during weekend →headache; -
|
|
Orange Body Fluids 465
|
Rifampin
|
|
Osteoporosis 466
|
Heparin
|
|
467
|
Corticosteroids
|
|
Positive Coombs’ Test 468
|
Methyldopa
|
|
Pulmonary Fibrosis 469
|
Bleomycin
|
|
470
|
Amiodarone
|
|
Red Man Syndrome 471
|
Vancomycin
|
|
Severe HTN with Tyramine 472
|
MAOIs
|
|
SLE-like Syndrome 473
|
Procainamide
|
|
474
|
Hydralazine
|
|
475
|
INH
|
|
Tardive Dyskinesia 476
|
Antipsychotics (Thioridazine; Haloperidol; Chlorpromazine) Clozapine: only antipsychotic to not
|
|
477
|
give you tardive dyskinesia
|
|
Tinnitus 478
|
Aspirin
|
|
479
|
Quinidine
|
|
Microbiology
|
questions
|
|
Lactose formers 1
|
“CEEK”
|
|
2
|
Citrobacter
|
|
3
|
Enterobacter
|
|
4
|
E
|
|
5
|
Klebsiella
|
|
Non lactose formers 6
|
“SHYPS”
|
|
7
|
Shigella
|
|
8
|
Yersinia enterolytica (AKA Pestis)
|
|
9
|
Proteus
|
|
10
|
Salmonella
|
|
May lack color 11
|
“These rascals may microscopically lack color”:
|
|
12
|
Treponema
|
|
13
|
Ricksetta
|
|
14
|
Mycobacterium
|
|
15
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
16
|
Legionella
|
|
17
|
Chlamydia
|
|
↑cAMP 18
|
“CAPE”
|
|
19
|
Cholera
|
|
20
|
Anthracis (Poly D glutamate capsule)
|
|
21
|
Pertusis (via Gi)
|
|
22
|
E
|
|
23
|
“Some killers have pretty nice capsules”
|
|
24
|
Strep
|
|
25
|
Klebsiella
|
|
26
|
HiB
|
|
27
|
Pseudamona Aeroginosa
|
|
28
|
Neisseria meningitis
|
|
29
|
Cryptococcus neoformans (only encapsulated fungal pathogen)
|
|
Dimorphic Fungi 30
|
“Can Also Have Both Shapes”
|
|
31
|
Cocciodes
|
|
32
|
Aspergillus
|
|
33
|
Histolpasma
|
|
34
|
Blastomyces
|
|
35
|
Sprothrix schenkii
|
|
Have Prophage 36
|
“OBED”
|
|
37
|
O = Salmonella
|
|
38
|
B = Botulinum
|
|
39
|
E = Erythrogenic strep
|
|
40
|
D = Diptheria
|
|
Spore Forming Bacteria 41
|
Bacilus & Clostridium (have calcium di-picolinate)
|
|
IgA Proteases 42
|
Neisseria; Haemophilus; S
|
|
Widal Test 43
|
Salmonella (Salmonella begins in the ileocecal region) agglutination indicates Abs to O; H; Vi Salmunella Ags
|
|
Wayson’s Stain 44
|
Yersinia
|
|
Pneumonic Plaque Transmission 45
|
Person to person cf w/ Bubonic plaque that was via infected flea
|
|
Splenectomy 46
|
Predisposes to septicemia
|
|
Invasins 47
|
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
|
|
Fusiform 48
|
Vincent’s trench mouth
|
|
S
|
viridans 49
|
|
Obligate Aerobes 50
|
Pseudomonas & Mycobacterium
|
|
Obligate Anaerobes 51
|
Clostridium; Actinomyces; Bacteroides
|
|
Staph aureus 52
|
A Protein; Catalase +/ Coagulase +
|
|
Spirochetes 53
|
Treponema; Borrelia; Leptospira
|
|
Non Motile Gram (+) Rods 54
|
Corenybacterium D & Nocardia
|
|
Acid Fast Organisms 55
|
Mycobacterium; Cryptosporidium; Nocardia (partially); Legionella micdadei; Isospora
|
|
Pigment Producing Bacteria 56
|
Serratia – red (can cause pseudohemoptysis)
|
|
57
|
Pseudomonas A – piocyanin blue/green
|
|
58
|
Staph Aureus – yellow – Protein A
|
|
59
|
Mycobacteria – photo/scoto chromogenic – caritinoid – yellow/orange
|
|
60
|
Corneybacterium D – black/gray – pseudomembrane plaque in throat
|
|
61
|
Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) melaninogenicus – black (heme)
|
|
62
|
E
|
|
Bacterial Morphology 63
|
Pneumococci – lancet shaped diplococci
|
|
64
|
Neisseria – kidney bean shaped diplococci
|
|
65
|
Camphylobacter – gulls’ wings/comas
|
|
66
|
Vibrio Cholera – coma shaped
|
|
67
|
Corneybacterium D – club shaped (nonmotile; G+Rod)
|
|
68
|
Yersinia – safety pin seen in Wayson’s stain
|
|
Inclusion Bodies 69
|
Rabies – Negri bodies – intracytoplasmic
|
|
70
|
Pox virus – Guarnieri – intracytoplasmic & acidophilic
|
|
71
|
CMV – Owl’s eyes – intracytoplasmic & intranuclear
|
|
72
|
HSV – Cowdry bodies – intranuclear
|
|
Schistosoma Japonicum Monsoni 73
|
Intestinal – contact w/ bad water
|
|
Schistosoma Haematolium 74
|
Vesicular – contact w/ bad water
|
|
Non Human Schistosom 75
|
Swimmer’s itch – contact w/ bad water
|
|
Clonorchichis 76
|
Chinese liver fluke – eating raw fish
|
|
Fasciola Hepatica 77
|
Sheep – eating raw fish
|
|
Fasciola Biski 78
|
Giant intestinal flukes – eating raw fish
|
|
Paragonimus Westermani 79
|
Lung fluke – eating raw fish
|
|
Oxidase (+) 80
|
Neiserria and most Gram (-)s
|
|
Micro Aerophilic 81
|
Camphylobacter & Helicobacter
|
|
Urease (+) 82
|
All Proteus – can cause Staghorn/Struvite calculi (NH4
|
|
83
|
Ureaplasma
|
|
84
|
Campylobacter pylori (Helicobacter)
|
|
85
|
Cryptococcus
|
|
86
|
Nocardia
|
|
Coagulase (+) 87
|
Staph A & Yersenia pestis
|
|
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria 88
|
Chlamydia Pistacci (Chlamydia do not make own ATP); Mycobacterium Leprae; all Rickettsia except
|
|
Protozoa 89
|
Plasmodium; Toxoplasma ghondi; Babesin; Leishmania; Trypanosoma Cruzi
|
|
90
|
Treponema palidum & Pneumocystis Carinii (cannot be cultured on inert media but can be found
|
|
Haemophilus Factors 91
|
X = Protoporphyrin & V = NAD
|
|
All cocci are 92
|
Gram (+) except for Neisseria & Moraxella
|
|
“Eaton Fried Eggs” 93
|
Mycoplasma pneumoniae has fried egg colonies on Eaton agar (needs cholesterol)
|
|
Mycoplasma 94
|
No cell wall
|
|
95
|
P1 protein inhs ciliary action
|
|
96
|
Fried egg colonies
|
|
97
|
Atypical pneumonia – young adults
|
|
Sabrands 98
|
Fungal media
|
|
Malassazia furfur 99
|
Spaghetti & meat ball
|
|
Measles’ 3C’s 100
|
Cough – Coryza – Conjunctivitis
|
|
101
|
May lead to subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
|
|
Non Motile Bacilli & Clostridium 102
|
B
|
|
Bloody diarrhea agents 103
|
EIEC – EHEC – Shigella - Yersenia enterocolitica – Entaemeba histolytica – Salmonella –
|
|
YW-135CA 104
|
N
|
|
Indian Ink 105
|
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
|
Naegleria causes 106
|
Colonization in the nasal passages after swimming
|
|
Need Cysyeine for growth 107
|
“Ella likes cysteine”:
|
|
108
|
Francisella
|
|
109
|
Brucella
|
|
110
|
Legionella
|
|
111
|
Pasturella
|
|
Endotoxins; G(+) or G(-) 112
|
Gram (-): N
|
|
Ecthyma Gangrenosum; seen w/ 113
|
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
|
|
Endospores G(+) 114
|
Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium – made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
|
|
Multi Brain Abscess 115
|
Nocardia
|
|
Single Brain Abscess 116
|
Actinomyces israelli
|
|
↑risk for Strep pneum Infection 117
|
Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness
|
|
Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive 118
|
Strep
|
|
Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant 119
|
Strep
|
|
Staph
|
Saprophyticus 120
|
|
Staph
|
Epidermidis 121
|
|
Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive 122
|
Strep
|
|
123
|
Hyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
|
|
Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant 124
|
Strep
|
|
EFII Ribosylation 125
|
Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
|
|
126
|
Protective Antigen (PA)
|
|
127
|
Lethal Factor = toxic to macrophages
|
|
128
|
Edema Factor = ↑cAMP
|
|
Woolsorter’s Disease 129
|
Bacillus anthracis
|
|
Grows in Rice 130
|
Bacillus Cereus
|
|
Clostridium Perfringens 131
|
Double Zone Hemolysis (test)
|
|
132
|
Lecithinase: toxin = lyses RBCs
|
|
133
|
80% of gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cases
|
|
Clostridium Difficile 134
|
2 Toxins: Enterotoxin (Exotoxin A) & Cytotoxin (Exotoxin B)
|
|
135
|
Pseudomembranous colitis (can be precipitated by clindamycin/ampicillin)
|
|
Spastic Paralysis toxin 136
|
Clostridium Tetani toxin
|
|
Clostridium Botulinum 137
|
Bad canned foods have neurotoxin = flaccid paralysis (block Ach release)
|
|
Infant Botulinum 138
|
Floppy Baby Syndrome
|
|
Thayer Martin Agar 139
|
Neisseria ID
|
|
DOC for N
|
gonorrhoeae 140
|
|
K1 E
|
Coli Capsular Ag 141
|
|
The A’s of Klebsiella 142
|
Alcoholics
|
|
143
|
Aspiration pneumonia
|
|
144
|
Abscesses in the lungs
|
|
Rice H2O Diarrhea 145
|
Vibrio Cholera: metabolic acidosis
|
|
Raw seafood intoxicaiton 146
|
Vibrio parahemolyticus
|
|
Helicobacter Txt 147
|
Bismuth salts; Metronidazole; Tetracycline (or amoxicillin)
|
|
↑risk of P
|
aeroginosa infection 148
|
|
Contact lens’ infection 149
|
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
|
|
Cat Bites 150
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
|
Undulant Fever 151
|
Brucella
|
|
Bordet Gengou Agar 152
|
Bordetella pertusis ID
|
|
Lowenstein-Jensen medium 153
|
M
|
|
Cat Scratch Disease 154
|
Bartonella henselae
|
|
155
|
Toxoplasmosis
|
|
Pink Eye 156
|
Adenovirus (type 8)
|
|
True Hemaphrodite 157
|
Testes & Ovaries are present
|
|
Pseudo Hemaphrodite 158
|
External genitalia does not coincide w/ gonads
|
|
Male Pseudo Hemaphrodite 159
|
Testicular Feminization
|
|
HLA Genes Location 160
|
6p
|
|
Parvovirus B19 161
|
Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA)
|
|
Interferon MOA 162
|
Inhibits viral replication (translation or transcription)
|
|
Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis 163
|
Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
|
|
Parainfluenza Causes… 164
|
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
|
|
Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis 165
|
Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
|
|
RSV 166
|
Bronchiolitis in infants
|
|
Removed tonsils; find what virus 167
|
In 80%; Adenovirus
|
|
Bone Fever 168
|
Dengue: Group B Togavirus; from the Arbovirus; transmitted by mosquitos
|
|
HbsAg 169
|
Appears in blood soon after infection; before onset of acute illness
|
|
170
|
Disappears w/in 4-6 months after the start of clinical illness
|
|
HbeAg 171
|
Appears early acute phase; indicates higher risk of transmitting the disease
|
|
172
|
Disappears before HbsAg is gone
|
|
Anti-Hbc 173
|
Present in beginning of clinical illness
|
|
174
|
Seen in the “window phase”
|
|
Filamentous Bacteria 175
|
Actinomycetes = Nocardia; Actinomyces; Streptomyces
|
|
Listeria contaminates 176
|
Milk; cheese; vegetables (coleslaw) in recent infections
|
|
Shiga like Toxin 177
|
E
|
|
Necrotizing Fasciitis 178
|
Group A Streptococci
|
|
Relapsing Fever 179
|
Borrelia recurrentis
|
|
Loffler’s Medium 180
|
Corneybacterium diphtheriae
|
|
Chlamydiae Developmental Cycle 181
|
Elementary Body: infeccious particle that Enters the cell
|
|
182
|
Reticulate Body: made from elementary body
|
|
183
|
W/ infection you will see Glycogen containing inclusions
|
|
184
|
Cell wall lacks muramic acid
|
|
Trench Fever 185
|
Rochalimaea quintana
|
|
“Spotted Fever” Members 186
|
Rickettssia rickettsii (RMSF) & R
|
|
187
|
R
|
|
Thrush Txt 188
|
Nystatin txts candidiasis of the mouth
|
|
Rose Bush Thorns 189
|
Have Sporothrix schenckii
|
|
Contact lens solution infection 190
|
Acanthamoeba
|
|
Filiariasis Causant 191
|
Wucheria bancrofti (infection aka elephantitis & wucheriasis
|
|
Freshwater lake infection 192
|
Causes amebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri
|
|
Reduviid bug bite 193
|
Transmits Trypanoma cruzi (Chagas’ disease): Romana’s Sign
|
|
Schistosoma Haematobium causes 194
|
Bladder calcificaiton & cancer
|
|
Schistosoma Mansoni causes 195
|
Presinusoidal HTN; splenomagaly; esophageal varices
|
|
Snail; intermediate host of… 196
|
Schistosomiasis
|
|
Ixodes scapularis transmits 197
|
Babesia (clinically rembles malaria) & Borelia burgdorferi
|
|
Nantucket Protozoa 198
|
Babesia microt
|
|
Infection by Reduviid Bug 199
|
Trypansoma cruzi: Chagas’ Disease
|
|
Infection by TseTse Fly 200
|
Trypansoma brucei gambiense & rhodiense: African Sleeping Sickness
|
|
Infection by Sandfly 201
|
Leishmaniasis: Mucocutaneous Diseases by L
|
|
Leishman by L
|
tropica; mexicana; peruviana
|
|
Infection by Ixodes Tick 202
|
Babesia microti: Babesiosis & Borrelia burgdorferi: Lyme Disease
|
|
Infection by Anopheles Mosquito 203
|
Malaria
|
|
204
|
Giardia lamblia
|
|
Nonseptate Hyphae 205
|
Zygomycosis: Rhizopus & Mucor
|
|
Histoplasmosis Geography 206
|
Ohio; Mississippi; Misouri River valleys
|
|
Coocidioidomycosis Geography 207
|
Southwestern deserts; California
|
|
Blastomycosis Geography 208
|
States east of Mississippi River
|
|
209
|
Latin America
|
|
Roseola Infection; aka 210
|
Exanthema Subitum: “Sixth Disease” (Human Herpes Virus-6 dsDNA; enveloped)
|
|
Herpangina 211
|
“Hand-Foot-and-Mouth” Disease: Coxsackie A (Picornavirus +ssRNA)
|
|
Orthomyxovirus 212
|
–ssRNA; enveloped virus
|
|
213
|
Spike Glycoproteins (peplomeres): HA = Hemagluttinin & NA = Neuraminidase
|
|
214
|
Influenza A & B
|
|
Paramyxovirus 215
|
–RNA; enveloped
|
|
216
|
Mumps
|
|
217
|
Croup(Parainfluenza virus)
|
|
218
|
Rubeola(Measles virus)
|
|
219
|
RSV
|
|
Togavirus 220
|
+ssRNA; enveloped
|
|
221
|
3 Day Measles: German Measles: Rubella/ Rubivirus
|
|
222
|
Encephalitis viruses: Alphaviruses: Eastern (more severe) and Western Equine Encephalitis
|
|
Flaviviris 223
|
Dengue Fever – icterus & hemorrhage w/ blac vomit
|
|
224
|
Yellow fever
|
|
225
|
St
|
|
Bunyavirus 226
|
–ssRNA; enveloped
|
|
227
|
California Encephalitis – severe bifrontal headaches
|
|
228
|
Hantavirus – hemorrhagic fever w/ acute resp
|
|
IgA Protease Activity 229
|
H
|
|
230
|
Strep
|
|
231
|
N
|
|
232
|
N
|
|
233
|
W/ this activity these bugs are able to colonize the oral mucosa
|
|
Diphtheria: ABCDEFG 234
|
Adenopathy
|
|
235
|
Prophage encodes the exotoxin
|
|
236
|
Corneybacteria is Club shaped
|
|
237
|
Diphtheria
|
|
238
|
Elongation Factor II
|
|
239
|
Granules (metachromatic)
|
|
Only ssDNA 240
|
Parvovirus: “Part of a virus”
|
|
Only dsRNA 241
|
Reovirus; “RepeatOvirus”
|
|
Naked RNA 242
|
“Naked for CPR”: Calcivirus; Picornovirus; Reovirus
|
|
2 circular DNAs 243
|
Papovavirus & Hepadnavirus
|
|
BK 244
|
Papovavirus
|
|
Hepadna; Retrovirus? 245
|
No; but has reverse transcriptase
|
|
Picornovirus: “PERCH” 246
|
Poiliovirus; Echo; Rhino; Coxsackie; Hep A
|
|
Eclipse Phase No internal virus
|
1 total virus per cell
|
|
Latent Phase No external virus
|
Extracellular virus found
|
|
Naked Capsid Virus Nucleocapsid
|
DNA or RNA + Structural proteins
|
|
Enveloped Virus Membrane
|
Nucleocapsid + Glycoprotein
|
|
Interferon Non virus specific
|
Works by RNA endonuclease = digests viral DNA + inh viral prot synth
|
|
E Brick
|
Rep H = Herpes
|
|
C P R F T C ------ ico (+) Linear
|
F = Flavi
|
|
No segment
|
Rep in Cyto T = Toga
|
|
Linear
|
Non seg
|
|
C5a Neutral chemotaxis
|
|
|
35 www
|
brain101
|
|
Cocciodes Hyphae in wild
|
Artroconidia
|
|
Histoplasma Cap Hyphae in wild
|
Microcondida w/ tuberculate macrocondida
|
|
w/ a small neck
|
|
|
Sporothrix Schenkii Hypahe in wild
|
Potas iodide in milk
|
|
PCP Obligate parasite
|
Kills type I pneumo cells
|
|
Gram (-) Bugs w/ Exotoxins E
|
Coli; V
|
|
E
|
Histolitica Cysts Trophozoites or cysts in stool
|
|
Balantium C
|
Cysts Trophozoites or cysts in stool
|
|
Trichomonas V
|
Trophozoites Motile trophozoites
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
questions
|
|
1
|
Fastest growing tumor – Burkitt’s
|
|
2
|
PE’s are found in half of all autopsies
|
|
3
|
Courvoisier’s Law: tumors that obstruct the common bile duct cause enlarged gallbladders; but obstructing
|
|
gallstones do not (too much scarring); so if you can palpate the gallbladder you’e probably looking at cancer
|
|
|
4
|
Only DNA virus to replicate in cytoplasm: Pox
|
|
5
|
Only RNA virus to replicate in nucleus: Influenza
|
|
6
|
Bacillus anthracis has the only protein capsule
|
|
7
|
Bordetella pertussis (Whooping Cough) elicits lymphocytosis rather than granulocytosis
|
|
8
|
Bronchioalveolar carcinomas grow without destroying the normal architecture of the lung
|
|
9
|
Cryptococcus neoformans often lacks a capsule and; when stained with GMS; looks just like Pneumycistis carinii;
|
|
except that Cryptococcus lacks the prominent nucleoli
|
|
|
10
|
Weil Felix reaction: (+)R
|
|
11
|
Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) tests: 1)VDRL 2)FTA-Abs: most widely used 3)TPI (immobilization test – most
|
|
36 www
|
brain101
|
|
IL 1 12
|
Monocytes; macrophages Stimulates T cell proliferation & IL2 produciton
|
|
IL 2 13
|
Macrophages; T & NK cells Stim prolif of B; T & NK cell
|
|
IL 3 14
|
T cells GF of tissue mast cells & hematopoietic stem cells
|
|
IL 4 15
|
T cells ↑growth of B & T cells/ ↑HLA II Ags
|
|
IL 5 16
|
T cells Maturation of B plasma cell
|
|
IL 6 17
|
T cells; monocytes Maturation of B & T cell/ (-) fibroblasts
|
|
IFN 18
|
B cells; macrophages Antiviral activity
|
|
IFN 19
|
Fibroblasts Antiviral activity
|
|
IFN gamma 20
|
T & NK cells Antiviral activity; (+) macrophages; ↑HLA II Ags
|
|
TNF 21
|
Macrophages; T & NK cells T cell prolif; IL 2 prod; cytotoxicity
|
|
TNF 22
|
T cells T cell prolif; IL 2 prod; cytotoxicity
|
|
Genes Chrom
|
Associated Tumors
|
|
VHL 3p
|
Von Hippel Lindau; Renal Cell CA
|
|
APC
|
5p Familial adenomatous polyposis; Colon CA
|
|
WT-1
|
11p Wilm’s tumor
|
|
Rb
|
13q Retinoblastoma; Osteosarcoma
|
|
BRCA-2
|
13q Breast CA
|
|
p53
|
17p Most human Cas
|
|
NF-1
|
17q Neurofibromatosis type 1
|
|
BRCA-1
|
17q Breast CA; Ovarian CA
|
|
DCC
|
18q Colon & Stomach CA
|
|
DPC
|
18q Pancreatic CA
|
|
NF-2
|
22q Neurofibromatosis type 2 = bilateral acoustic neuroma
|