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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell |
basic unit of all living things. |
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cell membrane |
forms the boundary of the cell |
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cytoplasm |
gel-like fluid inside the cell |
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nucleus |
largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center of the cell. |
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genes |
regions within the chromosome. |
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DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) |
comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell |
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muscle tissue |
composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement |
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nervous tissue |
found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. Responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities. |
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connective tissue |
connects, supports, penetrates, and encases body structure.
• Types of connective tissue: - adipose (fat) - osseous (bone) - blood |
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system |
group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions.
Ex. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. It's function is to transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide and other waste product. |
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Integumentary System |
Composed of skin, nails, and glands. • forms a protective covering for the body • regulates body temperature • helps manufacture vitamin D. |
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Respiratory System |
Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body.
Composed of: • nose • pharynx (throat) • larynx (voice box) • trachea (windpipe) • bronchial tubes • lungs |
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Urinary System |
Removes waste from the body, regulates fluid volume and maintains electrolyte concentration. Composed of: • kidneys • ureters • bladder • urethra |
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Reproductive System |
Responsible for hereditary and reproduction. Female reproductive system is composed of: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina and mammary glands. Male reproductive system is composed of: testes, urethra, penis, prostate glands and associated tubes. |
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Cardiovascular System |
Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body. |
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Lymphatic System |
Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes and organs. Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid. |
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Digestive System |
Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste. Composed of gastrointestinal tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. |
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Musculoskeletal System |
Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium and produces red blood cells. Composed of: muscle, bone and joints. |
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Nervous System |
Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages. Composed of: brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
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Endocrine System |
Composed of glands that secretes hormones. Hormones regulate many body activities. |
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cranial cavity |
space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain |
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spinal cavity |
space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord |
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thoracic, or chest cavity |
space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and mediastinal area. |
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abdominal cavity |
space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters |
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pelvic cavity |
space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, and the rectum |
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abdominopelvic cavity |
both the pelvic and abdominal cavities |
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Disease and Disorder Terms adenocarcinoma |
adenocarcinoma cancerous tumor of glandular tissue |
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adenoma |
tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign) |
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carcinoma |
cancerous tumor (malignant) |
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chloroma |
tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue) |
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epithelioma |
tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant) |
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fibroma |
tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) (benign) |
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fibrosarcoma |
malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) |
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leiomyoma |
tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign) |
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lipoma |
tumor composed of fat (benign tumor) |
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liposarcoma |
malignant tumor of fat |
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melanocarcinoma |
cancerous black tumor (malignant) |
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melanoma |
black tumor (primarily of the skin) |
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myoma |
tumor composed of muscle (benign) |
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neoplasm |
new growth (of abdominal tissue, benign or malignant) |
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neuroma |
tumor composed of nerve (benign) |
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rhabdomyoma |
tumor composed of striated muscle (benign) |
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rhabdomyosarcoma |
malignant tumor of striated muscle |
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sarcoma (Note: sar/o also is presented in this chapter as a word root.) |
tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage) (highly malignant) |
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Body Structure Terms cytogenic |
producing cells |
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cytoid |
resembling a cell |
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cytology |
study of cells |
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cytoplasm |
cell substance |
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dysplasia |
abnormal development |
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epithelial |
pertaining to epithelium |
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erythrocyte (RBC) |
red (blood) cell |
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histology |
study of tissue |
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hyperplasia |
excessive development (number of cells) |
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hypoplasia |
incomplete development (of an organ or tissues) |
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karyocyte |
cell with nucleus |
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karyoplasm |
substance of a nucleus |
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leukocyte (WBC) |
White (blood) cell |
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leukocytosis |
increase in the number of white (blood) cells |
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lipoid |
resembling fat |
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myopathy |
disease of the muscle |
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neuroid |
resembling the nerve |
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organomegaly |
enlargement of an organ |
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somatic |
pertaining to the body |
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somatogenic |
originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychogenic) |
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somatopathy |
disease of the body |
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somatoplasm |
body substance |
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systemic |
pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole) |
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visceral |
pertaining to the internal organs |
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cancerous |
pertaining to cancer |
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carcinogen |
substance that causes cancer |
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cyanosis |
abnormal condition of blue (bluish) discoloration, especially of the skin, caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood) |
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diagnosis (Dx) |
state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease) |
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erythrocytosis |
increase in the number of red (blood) cells |
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etiology |
Study of causes (of diseases) |
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iatrogenic |
produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician) |
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iatrology |
study of medicine |
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metastasis (pl. metastates) (mets) |
Beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors |
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oncogenic |
causing tumors |
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oncologist |
physician who studies and treats (malignant) tumors |
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oncology |
Study of tumors (a branch of medicine concerned with the study of malignant tumors) |
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organic |
pertaining to an organ |
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pathogenic |
producing disease |
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pathologists |
physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death) |
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pathology |
Study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death) |
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prognosis (Px) |
state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease) |
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xanthochromic |
pertaining to yellow color |
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xanthosis |
abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration) |
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Complementary Terms apoptosis |
programmed cell death, a mechanism for cell deletion to regulate cell population, or destroy damaged or defective cells. Some cancers disrupt apoptosis; cells lose their ability to die and live forever. |
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benign |
not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery |
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biological therapy |
treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM) that work with the immune system. (Also called biotherapy or immunotherapy) |
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carcinoma in situ |
cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue |
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chemotherapy (chemo) |
treatment of cancer with drugs |
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encapsulated |
enclosed within a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated |
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exacerbation |
increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms |
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hospice |
provides palliative or supportive care for termially ill patients and their families |
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idiopathic |
pertaining to disease of unknown origin |
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inflammation |
localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
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in vitro |
within a glass, observable within a test tube |
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in vivo |
within the living body |
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malignant |
tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer |
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morbidity |
state of being diseased or unwell; incidence of illness in a population |
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mortality |
state of being mortal (death); incidence of the number of deaths in a population |
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palliative |
providing relief but not cure |
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radiation therapy |
treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation (also called radiation oncology and radiotherapy) |
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remission |
improvement or absence of signs of disease |
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Abbreviation CA |
carcinoma |
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chemo |
chemotherapy |
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Dx |
diagnosis |
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mets |
metastases |
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Px |
prognosis |
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RBC |
red blood cell |
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XRT |
radiation therapy |
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WBC |
white blood cell |