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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
TBW |
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ICF |
Intracellular fluid=2/3 TBW |
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ECF |
Extracellular fluid=1/3 tbw |
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What is ECF comprised of? |
ISF and IVF |
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ISF |
Interstitial fluid=3/4 ECF |
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IVF |
Intravascular fluid=1/4 ECF=blood |
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What is blood made of? |
Water with molecules (plasma), electrolytes, blood cells, blood proteins |
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Name the 3 blood proteins and functions |
Albumin=responsible le for colloid osmotic pressure Fibrinogen=responsible for blood clotting Globulins=responsible for immune functiln |
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Serous fluid |
Clear fluid without pus, etc |
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Sanguinous fluid |
Blood |
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Serosanguinous fluid |
Pinkish, mix of blood and serous fluid |
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Purulent |
Thick, cloudy, or tan fluid |
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Osmotic pull |
Blood proteins (albumin) in intravascular fluid pull water and electrolytes back in when there are too many proteins and not enough water |
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Hydrostatic pressure |
Push from heart to move fluid out from capillary walls |
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Organ responsible for ECF regulation |
Kidney |
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Cardiac output |
Amount of blood pumped by heart through intravascular system per minute. Normal=4-6 L per minute |
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Cardiac output (CO) equation |
Stroke volume * Heart rate(SV*HR) |
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Stroke volume |
Blood being pumped out per beat [60-80cc avg] |
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1 L = ?ml |
1000 or cc |
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Average urine output daily |
1500 cc daily |
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Anuria |
No urine output |
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Oliguria |
Limited urine output |
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Fluid volume overload |
Body is unable to get rid of fluid (renal or heart failure) |
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Fluid volume deficit |
Body cannot retain fluids (renal failure) |
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1 L=?kg |
1 |
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Normal osmolality |
270-295 mosm/kg, +/- , of body weight |
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Osmolarity vs osmolality |
Osmolarity= measuring # of solutes to water using liters. mOsm/L Osmolality= measuring # of solutes to water using weight (kg) mOsm/kg |
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What balances colloid osmotic pressure (big m&ms pulling water back across capillary)? |
Hydrostatic pressure from the heart (pushes little m&ms out) |
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1 oz= ? Cc |
30 |
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Pitting measurements |
+1 pitting edema=less than 1/4 inch +2=1/4-1/2 inch +3=1/2-3/4 inch +4=3/4-1 inch |
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Osmosis |
Movement of water across semipermeable membrane. Goes with the concentration gradient. Passive transport, seeking equilibrium of water |
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Diffusion |
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Passive transport seeking equilibrium of solvents |
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Hormone regulating ECF sodium balance |
Aldosterone |
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Hormone regulating excretion of water in urine |
Antidiuretic hormone |
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Hormone under stress that causes increased urination and decrease of cardiac workload |
Atrial natriuretic peptide (anp) |
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Normal pulse |
60-100 bpm |
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Define systolic |
Average arterial pressure in contraction |
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Define diastolic |
Minimum arterial pressure during relaxation |
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What does MAP indicate |
Average arterial pressure in 1 cardiac cycle |
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Normal MAP and how to calculate |
70-105 mmHg, systolic B/P plus (2*diastolic)/3 |
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ADH |
Made in hypothalamus, stored in posterior pituitary. Causes body to retain water though less urination, thus restoring blood volume. Low blood volume, secrete ADH to retain water. High blood volume, decrease ADH to urinate more, less concentrated pee |
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ANP |
Comes from atrial cells. Blocks aldosterone and ADH to Jumpstart vasodilation. Lowers BP |
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Aldosterone |
?? |
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Crystalliod IV |
Solutions with fluids and electrolytes |
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Colloid IV |
Contains albumin or dextrin or blood |
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Insensible losses of fluid |
About 1000cc per day, sweat, fecal, lung/skin |
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Daily baseline fluid requirements |
25-30 ml/kg/day 20-25 if overweight 15% more for every 1 degree C rise in fever |
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Active transport |
Pushing substances across gradients. Na/k+ pump |
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Dextran |
Antithrombotic, reduces blood viscosity |
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Total parenteral nutrition(TPN) vs partial parenteral nutrition (ppn) |
Patient receives either all or part of daily nutrition via IV. TPN is very solute dense and must go on a central line like jugular (risks can include collapsed lung). PPN is less solute dense and can go in peripheral vein |
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Enteral feeding vs parenteral feeding |
Feed someone through their GI tract vs feed any other route than digestive tract) |
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Keofeed or doboff |
Feed through nasal tube into stomach. (Can also take fluid out of stomach with larger lumen) |
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G tube |
Gastronomy tube surgically placed in stomach |
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Risks of enteral feeding |
Aspiration, diarrhea, high gastric residuals, dehydration, refeeding syndrome |
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Sensible fluid losses |
Urine and stool |
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Insensible losses of fluid |
Respiration, sweat, evaporation off skin |
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Skin integrity |
Burn patients at risk for fluid deficit |
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Skin tugor |
Picking at skin to see tenting and how long it takes to return to normal state |
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Buccal moisture |
Detected by gum glistening inside lower lip. FVD indicated also by tongue dryness |
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Symptom of FEV |
Lung crackling, shortness of breath, cough, S3 heart sound |
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Hypervolmeia vs hypovolemia |
Distended veins, FEV vs slow filling veins, FDV |
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JVD |
jugular vein distension, associated with right ventricular failure. When the right heart fails, blood backs up in systemic circulation leading to this and edema |
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1 kg=?cc |
1000 |
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Elevated BUN and creatine = ? |
Fluid deficit. Super elevated and it's azotemia |
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Urine output daily |
.5 ml/kg/hr |