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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alleles |
different forms of the same gene |
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gametes |
haploid |
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germ cells |
divide to create gametes |
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fertilization |
diploid number restored; when two haploid gametes (one egg and one sperm, for example) fuse to form a zygote |
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meiosis 1 |
1 diploid nucleus to 2 haploid nuclei |
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prophase 1 |
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metaphase 1 |
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anaphase 1 |
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telophase 1 |
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meiosis 2 |
2 haploid nuclei to 4 haploid nuclei |
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prophase 2 |
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metaphase 2 |
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anaphase 2 |
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telophase 2 |
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crossing over |
a chromosome and its homologous partner exchange corresponding pieces of DNA |
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chromosome segregation |
Each nucleus contains one of eight (2^3) possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes; human gametes have 23 pairs of chromosomes, not 3, so in reality its 2^23 possible combinations |
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sporophyte |
typically diploid, and spores form by meiosis; Spores consist of one or a few haploid cells, which undergo mitosis and give rise to gametophytes |
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gametophytes |
multicelled haploid bodies inside which one or more gametes form |
