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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Father of Genetics |
Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) |
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Factor |
Inherited unit which were named byMendel and are called genes now |
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Allele
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alternative form of a gene
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Crossing -Over |
Exchange of Genetic material between the non-sister chromatids of a homologous chromosomes |
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Cistron |
Functional unit of DNA |
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Recon |
Unit of Recombination |
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Muton |
Unit of Mutation |
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Phenotype |
This is the "outward, physical manifestation" of the organism.
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Genotype |
This is the "internally coded, inheritable information" carried by all living organisms. This stored information is used as a "blueprint" or set of instructions for building and maintaining a living creature.
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Wildtype
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This is known as the standard to which all other mutations are compared
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Hetrozygous |
Two different Alleles of genes |
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Homologous |
Two copies of genes are identical |
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Multiple allele |
Involves more than just the typical two alleles that usually code for a certain characteristic in a species. There is more than two phenotypes available eg ABO Blood group system |
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Pseudoalleles |
Functionally related and Closley linked genes |
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Back Cross |
Cross between F 1 and one of the Parent |
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Test Cross |
Cross between F 1 and Recessive Parent |
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Complementation Test OR Cis Trans Test |
Determines two mutations in same gene or Different Cis - same Homology Trans - On Separate Homology eg - sex linked genes for eye color in Drasophila |
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Threshold effect
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normal phenotypic expression occurs anytime a certain level of gene product is attained
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Incomplete Dominance |
When neither of alleles are dominant |
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Supplementary gene interaction |
second dominant genes express itself when supplemented by other dominant gene of a pair |
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Epistasis |
Masking effect of one dominant gene by other eg Fruit color in squash |
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Polymerism OR Additive Factor |
When Dominant form of both genes are present , then it produces double effect Eg Color of Wheat |
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Duplicate factor |
Ressisive forms when together produce different Phenotype Eg Awned and Awneless rice |
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Inhibitory factor |
One dominance gene inhibits or suppress expression of dominant gene eg Plumage color in Poultry |
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Pleiotropy
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It is the Phenomenon in which one gene affects multiple , apparently ,unrelated , Phenotypes |
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Genomic Imprinting |
Differential inheritance of genetic material from the mother versus the Father Eg : Prader- Willi Syndrome, Anglemam Syndrome |
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Penetrance |
Percentage of individuals with given genotypes who exhibits the phenotype associated with that genotype |
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Expressivity |
Measures the extent to which a genotype is expressed at phenotypic level |
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Variable Expressivity
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When a trait is not manifested uniformly among the individuals that show it.
Example : Drosophila's Lobe mutation- Dominant mutation- Phenotype is extremely variable |
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Phenocopy |
Term given to individuals whose Phenotype under a particular environmental condition becomes identical to one of another individual whose phenotype is determined by genotype |
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Genetic anticipating
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Increase of expression through generations
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