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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Clostridium botulinum forms what?
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Spores
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Where does Clostridium botulinum live?
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The soil
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How does Clostridium botulinum spread?
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If the spores are ingested, they germinate and produce botulinum toxin
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What does Clostridium botulinum cause?
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Paralysis
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Is Clostridium botulinum an aerobe or anaerobe, and what kind?
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It is a strict anaerobe
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Is Clostridium botulinum gram positive or gram negative?
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It is gram positive
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What form does it take?
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Rod form
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Does the growtn of microbes in cell size?
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No
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What is the control of growth of microbes important for?
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It is important for infection control and growth of industrial and biotech organisms.
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What are the three factors that regulate microbial growth?
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Nutrients, environmental conditions, and generation time
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What are three organic growth factors?
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Source of energy, vitamins (coenzymes), and osme amino acids
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If something uses CO2 for its carbon source, what is it?
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An autotroph
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If something uses organic materials for its carbon source, what is it?
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A heterotroph
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If something uses sunlight for its energy source, what is it?
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A phototroph
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If something uses organic means for its energy sources, what is it?
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A chemotroph
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What is a saprobe?
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An organism that lives on organic matter of dead organisms
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What is a parasite?
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An organism that lives on organic matter of living hosts
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What are parasites also known as?
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Pathogens
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What is group translocation?
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Lower to higher concentrations with chemical change
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What is bulk transport?
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endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis
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What are psychrophiles
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Cold loving
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What are mesophiles
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Moderate loving
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What are thermophiles
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Heat loving
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Is listeria monocytogenes gram positive or gram negative?
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Gram positive
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Is listeria monocytogenes common or uncommon?
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Common in the environment
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Where does listeria monocytogenes live?
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It lives in monoocytes
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How does it move?
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It moves intracellularly from cell to cell
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What type of phile is it?
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It is a psychrophile
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What does it cause?
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Listeriosis
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What are the symptoms of listeriosos?
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Fever, aches, GI or CNS symptoms
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What can this do to pregnant woman?
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Cause them to suffer a miscariage
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What is aerotolerant?
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Does not use O2 but can grow when in the presence of it.
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What are microaerophiles?
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They require O2 but grow only in concentrations lower than air.
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What is commensalism?
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A commensal benefits and the host is not harmed.
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What are two direct methods to measure growth?
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Plate counts and direct microscopic count
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What are three indirect methods for measuring growth?
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Turbidity, metabolic activity, and dry weight
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What is the turnover number?
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The maximum number of substrate molecules an enzyme molecule can convert to product each second.
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Oxidoreductase
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Oxidation reduction reactions
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Tranferase
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Transfer of functional groups, such as phosphates or amino acids
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Hydrolase
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Cleaves bonds on molecules with the addition of water (hydrolysis)
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Lyase
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Removal or addition of groups of atoms without hydrolysis
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Isomerase
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Rearrangement of atoms within a molecule
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Ligase
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Joining two molecules
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Where do exoenzymes work?
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They work outside the cell
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Where do enzymes work?
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They work inside the cell, usually as metabolic enzymes.
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What do ribozymes act as?
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They act as catalysts on specific strands of RNA by removing sections and splicing them together.
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