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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
attentuated vaccine
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alive but weakened virus
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Toxoid vaccine
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inactivated exotoxin
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subunit vaccine
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part of microbe is used; possibly genetically engineered
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conjugated vaccine
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polysaccharide vaccine + protein carrier
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conjugated vaccine & children
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stimulates a better response in children
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dendritic cell vaccine
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dentritic cell grown in lab
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what is added to dentritic cell in the DC vaccine?
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it is pulsed with antigen from tumor or microbe
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bordatella pertusis in old DPT vaccine--what type of vaccine?
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killed
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salk polio vaccine (injected)--what type of vaccine?
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inactivated
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standard influenza vaccine--what type of vaccine?
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inactivated
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sabin polio vaccine--what type of vaccine?
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attenuated
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MMR--what type of vaccine?
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attenuated
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varicella vaccine----what type of vaccine?
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attenuated
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rotateq vaccine--what type of vaccine?
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attenuated
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diphtheria vaccine--what type of vaccine?
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toxoid
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DPT, DTaP, Tdap tetanus vaccines--what type of vaccine?
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toxoid
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New pertussis vaccine --what type of vaccine?
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subunit
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DTaP for babies--what type of vaccine?
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subunit
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Tdap for older children and adults--what type of vaccine?
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subunit
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Hep B vaccine--what type of vaccine?
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subunit
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malaria vaccine for children--what type of vaccine?
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subunit
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3 types of hematapoietic stem cells
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erthyrocyte, platelets, wbcs
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two lines of WBCs
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myeloid and lymphoid
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3 types of PMN, granular, myleoid WBCs
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baso, eosino and neutro
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two types of mononuclear, myleoid WBCs
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monocyte and mast
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monocytes >>________
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macrophages
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where do monocytes mature?
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In tissues
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how are macrophages grouped?
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by function according to antigen presenting cells
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lymphoids are differentiated into ______
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effector cells
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What do Antigen Presenting Cells do?
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allow the Tcells to recognize antigens
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T-Cytoxic Cells (TC cells) differentiate into
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an effector cell called a cytotoxic T Lymphocyte
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t cells are classified by certain __________, called _______ ___ ___________
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glycoproteins, clusters of differentiation
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types of APCs
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macrophage, b-cells, dendritic cells
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T cells can _______ and __________ a macrophage
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recognize and activate
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MHC, on the surface of an APC, stands for
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major histocompatability complex
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what does the MHC do?
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presents antigenic peptide to T-cell
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CTLs, which are differentiated from T-cytoxic cells (TC cells), stands for
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Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte
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TC Cells stands for
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T-Cytoxic Cells
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of the CD4+T subsets, TH1 cells mostly help with __________immunity
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cellular
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of the CD4+T subsets, TH2 cells mostly help with __________immunity
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humoral
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an activated T-helper cell produces ________ which activate other _________, __ cells and _______
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T -cells, B-cells and macrophages
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CTL consists of
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CD8+ (T)cell(receptor)
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what do CTLs do after proliferation and differentiation?
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kill infected host cells
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which cytokine helps B cells?
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IL4
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how are B-cells activated?
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they are activated by the T-cells and helped by IL4
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what do B-cells do during the effector phase?
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they produce more antibodies
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what are the three stages of specific immune response?
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antigen recognition; activation; effector phase
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what do T-cells do during the effector phase?
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CTLs kill infected cells
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What do macrophages do during the effector phase?
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they phagocytose and kill pathogens better.
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plasma cells give rise to antibodies, which do what 3 jobs?
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activate complement; opsonize; neutralize
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opsonization
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when an antibody enhances phagocytosis
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B cells provide _______immunity
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humoral
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T cells provide ________immunity
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cellular
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complement--which line of defense?
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2nd
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interferons
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produced by virally-infected cells to help protect other cells from infection
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interferons--which line of defense?
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2nd
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phagocytosis--which line of defense?
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2nd
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lysozyme--which line of defense?
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1st
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4 signs of inflammation
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heat, red, pain, swell
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complement
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collective name for proteins in serum
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2nd line of defense from __________(skin barriers or chemicals?)
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chemicals
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1st line of defense from __________(skin barriers or chemicals?)
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skin barriers
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low pH of stomach acid--which line of defense?
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1st
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2nd line of defense aka ________immunity
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innate
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3rd line of defense aka ________/__________immunity
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specific/acquired
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macrophages and neutrophils do what in the process of inflammation?
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produce cytokines and chemokines
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the chemokine IL8 does what during inflammation?
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recruits more phagocytes
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the cyotkines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-alpha do what during inflammation?
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cause fever and helps other immune cells to work better
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which cells signal the specific immune system?
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macrophages and dendritic cells
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IgM antibody is where?
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membrane bound
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IgG antibody--fact
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most common in blood
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IgG antibody is where?
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blood and tissues
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IgA antibody is where?
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in mucosa and secretions
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IgD antibody is where?
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membrane bound
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IgD antibody--fact
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naïve
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IgE antibody works w/
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mast cells (allergies and parasitic infections)
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IgM antibody--fact
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first antibody secreted
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IgM antibody works with ___________
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classical complement path
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T cell growth factor during activation
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IL-2
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perforin (during effector stage)
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pokes holes in cell membrane
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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clonal cell expansion
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many divisions produce identical daughter cells
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differentiation
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cytokines and cell-cell interactions will induce gene/developmental changes in cells
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antibody involved in Type I hypersensitivity
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IgE
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antibody involved in Type II hypersensitivity
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IgG
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antibody involved in Type III hypersensitivity
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IgG
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antibody involved in Type IV hypersensitivity
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none (memory cells cause)
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Type II hypersensitivity might involve
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penicillin or RH incompatibility
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Type III hypersensitivity might involve
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immune complexes, like lupus
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Type IV hypersensitivity might involve
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TB skin test, poison oak
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epitope
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portion of antigen recogized by antibodies or T-cells
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ways in which complement system works
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cytolysis, inflammation, phagocytosis
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which immune system is the complement system part of? (innate, acquired)
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innate
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what does the complement system do?
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get rid of cellular microbes
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classical pathway of complement system intitated when
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antibodies bind to antigens/microbes
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classical complement pathway requires ___________, unlike the alternative pathway
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antibodies
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short summary of classical complement pathway
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antibody-antigen complex formed, activates C1, which sets of cascade and results in cytolysis, inflammation and opsonization.
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how often is the alternative complement pathway on?
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always
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alternative complement pathway involves contact between _________ and __________
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complement and pathogen
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what complex helps the complement system to poke holes in membranes?
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Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
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