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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
MORPHOLOGY
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Branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of organisims without consideration of function.
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PARFOCAL
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As the object lenses are changed, the specimen remains in focus.
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RESOLUTION (Resolving Power)
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The ability to distinguish two objects as separate and distinct
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WORKING DISTANCE
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The distance between the lens and the slide when the specimen is in sharp focus.
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AGAR
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gel-like polysaccharide isolated from red algae and used as thickening agent
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AGAR DEEP
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Any solid media in a tube solidified while the tube is vertical.
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AGAR PLATE
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Used for isolating organisims from solid media in a petri dish.
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AGAR SLANT
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Test tube containing agar that solidified while the tube was resting at an angle.
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ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE
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Set of specific practices and procedures performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by any foreign microbes.
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AUTOCLAVE
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Device that uses steam heat under pressure to sterilize chemicals and objects that can tolerate moist heat.
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BROTH
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A liquid nutrient- rich medium used for cultivating microorganisims
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INCINERATOR (used in lab)
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Used to sterilize inoculating loops using dry heat.
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INOCULATING LOOP
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Made of platinum or wire used to streak, smear or take a sample from a culture. also inoculate broths.
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INOCULATING NEEDLE
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Used to transfer bacteria from a culture to a tube from a deep.
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ISOLATED COLONY
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Result of a single bacterium which has replicated many times and eventually formed a visible lump of genetically identical bacteria on the surface of a solid medium.
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NUTRIENTS
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Any chemical such as carbon, hydrogen act. required for growth of microbial populations obtained by environment.
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PETRI DISH
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Dish filled with solid medium used in culturing microorgamisms (shallow dish with loose fitting lid)
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STERILIZATION
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The eradication of all organisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses in or on an object.
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COLONY FORMING UNIT (cfu)
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Form when single microorganisms form and grow on a solid or semi- solid surface - it adheres to the surface to form daughter cells then undergoes more growth and development
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PURE CULTURE
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Contains a single species of organism
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HETEROCYSTS
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Differentiated cells that are specialized for nitrogen fixation. (keep resting spores alive)
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AKINETES
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Thick walled resting spores resistent to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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CONTAMINANT
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Unwanted microorganisms
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EMULSIFY
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Mix cells with water until one has a smooth even suspention
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HEAT FIX
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Technique that uses the heat to adhere a smear to a slide or use a slide warmer.
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CHROMOPHORE
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An atom or group whose presence is responsible for the color of a compound (colored part of the dye)
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SIMPLE STAIN
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A stain composed of a single dye such as crystal violet.
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BASIC STAIN
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Give up an OH- ions leaving a positive (+) charge. Attracted to the cells acidic proteins and DNA (crystal violet or methylene blue)
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ACIDIC STAIN
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Nigrosin and Eosin Dye with an anionic chromosphere (used for staining blood cells)
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DIFFERENTIAL STAIN
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A stain using more than 1 dye so that different structures can be distinguished (Gram stain) Use multiple dyes and use of a decolorizor
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PRIMARY STAIN
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The initial dye that colors all cells
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MORDANT
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A substance that binds to a dye and makes it less soluble
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DECOLORIZOR
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A solution that washes the primary stain away from a specific portion some cells or structures.
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COUNTER STAIN
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Gives contrasting color to other stains and structures.
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What color should Gram + bacteria appear following the Gram stain procedure?
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PURPLE
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What color should Gram - bacteria appear following the Gram stain procedure?
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REDDISH PURPLE (pink)
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ENDOSPORE
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Environmentally resistant structure produced by the transformation of a vegetative cell of the gram + genera
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FORESPORE
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Structure in which endospores produce results from binary fission. (internal daughter cell)
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FREE SPORES
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Non-reproductive structures that are produced by bacteria
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GERMINATION
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Endospore breaks dormancy and returns to a metabolically active state
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SPORULATION(sporogenesis)
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Production of spore formation of endospores
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Spore location: CENTRAL ENDOSPORE
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Spores located in the middle of the cell
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Spore location: SUBTERMINAL ENDOSPORE
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Spore located between the poles and center of the cell (near but not at one end of the cell)
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Spore location:TERMINAL ENDOSPORE
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Spores located at the end of the cell (found at poles of cell)
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VEGETATIVE CELL
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Metabolically active, capable of growth and reproduction
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Bacillus Calmette Guerin- BCG
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Used as anti- TB vaccine
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MYCOLIC ACIDS
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Waxy substance that gives the acid-fast cells a higher affinity for the primary stain and resistance to decolorization by an acid-alcohol solution.
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TUBERCLE
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Swelling characteristic lesion of TB occurring in the lungs of patients with TB
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Some factors that may induce formation of spores in bacteria include:
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Heat
pH(high or low) Environmental toxins Shortage of nutrients Radiation |
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Some factors that may influence germination of spores in bacteria include:
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Change in environment
Optimal pH H2O is present always |
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LITMUS MILK
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Complete media containing Azolitmin (pH indicator) and skim milk used primarily to differentiate members within the genus Clostridium.
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NIGROSIN
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Negative charged stain, acid dye black in color
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NEGATIVE STAIN
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Used to determine morphology and cellular arrangement in bacteria that are too delicate to withstand heat fixing. (background is stained and cell or subject is clear)
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POSITIVE STAIN
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Cell or subject of interest is stained and the background is clear
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SLIME LAYER
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Loose, water soluble glycocalyx
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GLYCOCALYX
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Sticky, external sheath of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells composed of polysaccharides. mucoid layer surrounds bacterial cells
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CAPSULE
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Subject of interest glycolux that are composed of repeating units of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cells surface (not soluble in water)
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SYNTHETIC (Defined) MEDIA
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Culture medium whose exact chemical composition is known.
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COMPLEX MEDIA
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Differs slightly from batch to batch, one chemically undefinable substance. (blood and milk)
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ALL PURPOSE GROWTH MEDIA
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Routinely used to culture bacteria. Complex media- general purpose wide range TSA
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ENRICHED MEDIA
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Contains additional growth factors to support the growth of fastidious organisms.
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SELECTIVE MEDIA
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Contains chemicals that inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria without inhibiting the growth of the desired organism
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DIFFERENTIAL MEDIA
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Contains nutrients and additives that allow a particular type of organism to be easily identified by visible changes between dis similar organisms
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ANTIBIOTICS
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Naturally produced antimicrobial
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ANTIMICROBIAL
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Drug used to treat infectious disease
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BACTERIOSTATIC
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Antimicrobial agent or condition that halts bacterial growth but does not kill the cell
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BACTERIOCIDAL
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Substance that kills bacteria and ideally nothing else
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SEEDED BACTERIAL LAWN
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Smooth evenly distributing culture over entire agar. Continuous cover on surface of growth medium.
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ZONE OF INHIBITION
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Clear area around the ATB disk that occurs from performing the Kirby Bauer method. Occurs after incubation where growth was inhibited by antimicrobial.
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American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
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Maintains pedigree typed cultures
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SYNERGISM
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Pulling toward each other, distortion in shape and zone (2 drugs that work better together)
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ANTAGONISM
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Pulling away from each other. (work against each other)
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GAMMA HEMOLYSIS
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Grows on the media but does not hemolize blood
(Staphylococcus epidermidis) |
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BETA HEMOLYSIS
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Clear area extending from the streak line; lyses blood cells and completely degrades hemoglobin. (Streptococcus progenies)
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ALPHA HEMOLYSIS
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Partial clearing with greenish cast. (Streptococcus bovis)
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