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69 Cards in this Set
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Best known as a cause of paralysis; but this form affects fewer than 1% of those infected.
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Poliomyelitis (polio)
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Symptoms are usually headache, sore throat, fever, stiffness of back and neck; only found in humans.
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Poliomyelitis
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Transmitted by ingestion of "water" contaminated with feces.
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Poliomyelitis
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Keyword=WATER
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The Salk (inactivated) and Sabin (oral) vaccines.
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Poliomyelitis
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Causes an acute, usually fatal, encephalitis; Virus multiplies in skeletal muscle and connective tissue;
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Rabies
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Symptoms: fever, general discomfort, headache, visual difficulties, painful throat spasms, convulsions, delirium, respiratory paralysis and death; incubation period of 60 days.
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Rabies
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Diagnosis: IFAT technique (immunofluorescent antibody test) identifies the presence of the virus antibodies in the brain: inclusion bodies (Negri):
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Rabies
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Symptoms usually appear between 30-50 days in humans. Treatment: globulin (rig) along with multiple intramuscular injections of vaccine.
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Rabies
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Two forms: furious and paralytic.
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Rabies
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Caused by mosquito-borne viruses;
symptoms: chills, headache, fever, and eventually coma; |
Arboviral encephalitis
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hint="A"
"A" mosquito "A" coma |
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Most common form; occurs about every 10 years; most severe symptoms in elderly; transmitted mostly between mosquitoes, English sparrow, and humans.
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St.Louis Encephalitis.
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Most common childhood cancer in Africa; caused by Epstein-Barr (EB) virus; Symptoms: fast growing tumor of the jaw.
Can be successfully treated. |
Burkitt's lymphoma.
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keyword=EB for Epstein-Barr. what can the B also stand for?
Larry ??? |
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Caused by Epstien-Barr virus; an acute disease that affects many systems: lymphatic tissues become inflamed; some liver cells become "necrotic and monocytes" accumulate in liver sinusoids.
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Infectious mononucleosis.
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keyword= Necrotic and Monocytes.
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Mild symptoms - headache, fatigue, and malaise occur during the first 3 to 5 days and worsen as the disease progresses; about 80% of patients have a sore throat during the first week.
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Infectious mononucleosis.
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Disease is generally self-limiting and seldom fatal; recovery is usually complete in a few weeks and immunity is permanent; usual route of infection is by the transfer of saliva by kissing or by sharing drinking vessels Peak US incidence of disease occurs at about age 15-25.
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Infectious mononucleosis.
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Transmitted by mosquito, Aedes aegypti; Symptoms: fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomitting, jaundice, mortality rate about 20%;
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Yellow fever.
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keyword=jaundice
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Endemic in many trapical areas; last outbreak in US occurred in Louisianna in 1905; no specific treatment and vaccine is available.
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Yellow fever.
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Transmitted by Aedes agypti mosquito; enemic to Caribbean and other tropical areas; 100 million cases occur each year; Symptoms: fever, severe muscle and joint pain, rash relatively mild and rarely fatal; painful symptoms have lead to "breakbone fever".
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Dengue fever.
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Monkey reservior is what viral hemorrhagic fever?
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Marburg.
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This viral hemorrhagic fever produces a mortality rate of about 90%; spread to humans by bodily fluidics of any kind.
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Ebola virus.
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Rodent reservoir; spread to humans by body fluidics. What is this viral hemorrhagic fever?
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Lassa fever.
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Lassy fluids
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This viral hemorrhagic fever is associated with inhalation of ____ in dried urine from infected rodents.
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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
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soda=Fanta
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Approximately 200 different viruses can cause the common cold _____ and causes about 50% of all colds.
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Rhinoviruses.
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Symptoms included sneezing, nasal secretions, and congestion. Complications include sinus infection, lower respiratory tract infections, laryngitis, and otitis media (ear infections).
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Rhinovirus.
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Colds most often transmitted by indirect contact; incidences increase during cold weather, possibly because of increased interpersonal indoor contact.
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Rhinovirus.
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The most common cause of pneumonia in infants; nearly 100,000 hospitalized; about 4500 deaths annually, infants 2-6 months; epidemics occur during the winter and early spring.
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Viral pneumonia:
Repiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
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Characterized by chills, fever, headache, and general muscular acheds; deaths during an epidemic are usually from secondary bacgterial infections; virus changes antigenic character rapidly, so there is limited immunity following recovery; multivalent vaccines are available for the elderly and other high rish groups; epidemic in 1918.
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Influenza.
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Enters and exits the body through the repiratory system; incubation perid is about 16-18 days; virus causes inflammation of the parotid glands (large saliva gland), fever, and pain during swallowing; in males 4-8 days orchitis may occur (testis swelling), Could lead to sterility; diagnosis based on symptoms or an ELISA test.
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Mumps.
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This is a form of "herpes" virus: causes intranuclear bodies; inclusion disease can be asymptomatic, a mild disease or progressive and fatal; immunosuppressed patients may develop pneumonia; "can" cause congenital development, neurological damage, and stillbirth; diagnonsis is based on isolation of the virus.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusion disease.
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Form of herpes but not herpes.
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Inflammation of the liver is called ____. Symptoms include loss of appetite, malaise, fever, and jaundice; viral causes include ____, EB virus, and CMV.
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Hepatitis.
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This virus is ingested in contaminated food or water, grows in the cells of the intestinal "nucosa", and spreads to the liver, kidneys, and spleen in the blood.
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Hepatitis "A" (HAV).
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The virus is contagious with feces-fecal-oral transmission. Incubation period is 2-6 weeks; period of disease is 2-21 days; recover is complete within 4-6 weeks. Diagnosis is based on tests for IgM antibodies; passive immunization can provide temporary protection; vaccine is available(unlike "E" which has no vaccine) and made from Horse anitgens; required for all food-handlers in MO. since July 2000.
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Hepatitis "A" (HAV).
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Serious disease transmitted by blood transfusions, contaminated syringes, saliva, sweat, breast milk, and semen. Average incubation period is 3 months; recovery is usually complete, but some patients develop a chronic infection or become carriers; vaccine is available.
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Hepatitis "B" (HBV).
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keyword=Breast
Similar to "C" but transmission includes breat milk and sweat. "B" has a vaccine. |
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Transmitted via blood, sex, IV drug use; incubation period is 2-22 weeks; the disease is usually mild, but some patients develp "chronic" ____. Blood is tested for its antibodies before being used in transfusions.
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Hepatitis "C". (HCV).
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keyword=Chronic (capital "C")
Unlike "A"'s transmission through fecal/oral route and cannot fully recover. "C" is chronic and transmitted blood, IV, sex... |
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Transmitted by blood, must co-infect or super-infect with its "B" strain, can cross the placenta; incubation is 2-12 weeks, Severe, high mortality rate; carrier state can develop chronic liver disease.
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Hepatitis "D" (delta hepatitis).
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Spread by fecal-oral route; more common in adults than in children; incubation is 2-6 weeks; moderate to high "mortality rate" in pregnant woman; no carrier state; no chronic liver disease; no vaccine.
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Hepatitis "E".
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Similar to "A" but high mortality rate.
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This virus is most often caused by a rotavirus of the Norwalk virus.
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Viral Gastroenteritis.
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keyword= rotaVirus.
Norwalk=take a walk to the bathroom. |
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symptoms of infection are painful urination, genital irritation, and fluid-filled vesicles;
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Genital Herpes.
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Neonatal ____ ____is contracted during fetal development or birth; it can result in neurological damage or infant fatalities.
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Genital Herpes.
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The virus might enter a latent stage in nerve cells; vesicles reappear following trauma and hormonal changes. Associated with cervical cancer; the drug acyclovir has proven effective in treating the symptoms of ____ ___but does not cure the disease.
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Genital Herpes.
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Papillomaviruses that cause ___ ____ have been associated with cancer of the cervix or penis.
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Genital warts.
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Human immuno-defciency virus; can be caused by at least two different types of human immunodeficiency viruses designated ..... Most cases in the US and Canada, and Europe are caused by ___1. While ___2 is most common in parts of West Africa.
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Aids/HIV
HIV1 HIV2 |
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HIV virus can last at room temperature in blood for ___.
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2 weeks.
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HIV will not become ____ in blood that is cooler than ___ degrees.
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inactivated
45 degrees |
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HIV will not become inactive in a ____ due to the fact that it is a constant vaccum and there is no air passage.
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syringe
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Once ___ is completely dry the HIV virus is ____.
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blood,
inactive. |
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There are ___ stages of AIDS.
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5 stages.
1- Incubation 2- Acute primary infection 3- Inactive period 4- Symptomatic period 5- Full blown AIDS |
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First stage of AIDS is the ___ ___ which lasts 2 weeks to 6 months.
no symptoms, test negative, can transmit to others, very susceptible to other viruses. |
Incubation period.
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Second stage of AIDS is the ___ ___ ____: Flu-like symptoms,
Slollen lymph glands, Test positive, can last 1 week to 2 months. |
Acute primary infection.
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IAISF
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Third stage of AIDS is the ___ ____.
Lasts 1-15 years, No apparent symptoms. |
Inactive period.
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Fourth stage of AIDS is the ____. Weakening of immune system,
Weight loss, diarrhea, swollen lymph glands, flu-like symptoms, fever. |
Symptomatic stage.
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Fifth stage of AIDS is ___ ___ ___.
Wasting syndrome, very contagious, death is certain. |
Full blown AIDS.
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Testing for HIV and AIDS are these 5 tests:
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SHEUW=
Saliva test Home test Elisa Urine test Western blot test |
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List the four Viral Diseases of the Digestive system in alphbetical order.
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CHVM = chum bucket
1- Cytomegalovirus 2- Hepatitis: A-E. 3- Viral gastroenteritis. 4- Mumps |
CHVM
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This virus causes inflammation of the parotid glands (saliva glands).
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Mumps.
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Bumps
on side of neck |
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85% of the populace have had this. If a female donates blood there's a chance her card will read, "CMV hero" meaning she never had it.
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Cytomegalovirus.
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These two Hepatitis viruses are transmitted through fecal/oral route.
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Hepatitis A and E.
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This immunization dose is based on the weight of the person.
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Hepatitis A.
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Hint word= A weight of person.
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This immunization has antibodies taken from horses as they're not affected by this virus.
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Hepatitis A.
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keyword=taken from "A" horse.
"A" is for Antigen. |
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This immunization is taken from Saccharomyces (bakers yeast).
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Hepatitis B.
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keyword= Baker's (Beer).
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This hepatitis has a severe; high mortality rate.
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Hepatitis D.
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This hepatitis can super-infect with Hepatitis B.
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Hepatitis D.
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Can AIDS be transmitted via inanimate objects like casual contaact, door knobs, seats, combs, brushes, jewelry?
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No.
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Some bodily fluids are more contagious than others when it comes to AIDS. List some that are highly contagious to least.
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Blood, genital secretions, bone marrow, urine, feces, nasal secretions.
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If AIDS blood is completely dry is the virus still active?
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No, it becomes inactive in dried blood. However, it can last up to 2 weeks in blood at room temperature and indefinitely in cooled blood or within a syringe (vaccuum).
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List the five stages of AIDS.
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IAISF
1- Incubation 2- Acute primary infection 3- Inactive period 4- Symptomatic 5- Full blown AIDS |
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List two opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
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1- Thrush
2- Koposi's sarcoma |
TK
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List five tests for AIDS.
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SHEUW=
1- Saliva test 2- Home test 3- ELISA 4- Urine test 5- Western Blot test |
SHEUW=
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IFAT technique (immunofluorescent antibody test) is used to test for ___.
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Rabies
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