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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Frederick Griffith
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n 1928 discovers transformation in bacteria and establishes the foundation of molecular genetics.
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DNA structure:
Replication |
the process of making copies of strands of DNA. Existing DNA is used as a template for synthesizing the new strands.
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DNA structure:
Transcription |
making mRNA from DNA template
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DNA structure:
Translation |
using mRNA to make protein
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Polymerase
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whole purpose it an enzymes that adds nucleotides; binds on promotor (starting point of dna sequencing)until it reaches terminator
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Promotor
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staring point for polymerase to make sequence
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RNA polymerase
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mRNA will attach to a ribosome: p site: always filled first
a site: |
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codon
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three nucliotide sequence
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AUG
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start codon - which is the same aa (MET)
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anticodon
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nucliotide complimentary of codon
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UAA
UAG UGA |
STOP CODONS - do not code for any aa - will end translation
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DNA REPLICATION
PURPOSE, BEGINNING POINT, AND ENDING POINT |
To duplicate the cell's genome,
Origin, and Origin or the end of a linear DNA molecule |
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DNA Transcription
purpose, beginning point, and ending point |
To synthesize RNA, Promotor,
and terminator |
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DNA Translation
purpose, beginning point, and ending point |
To synthesize polypeptides, AUG start codone and UAA, UAG, OR UGA stop codons
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operon
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is the gene and all the regulatory regions
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repressor
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will bind to operator and inhibit RNA transcription
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inducer
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will bind to repressor to allow transcription to occure - stops repressor from binding to operator
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lac operon
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feedback mechanism - for turning transcription on and off.
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operator
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repressor binding site
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AMES test
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test drug companies use to find if something/chemical is mutagenic.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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to take a very small amount of DNA, and make lots of copies - DNA replication in a test tube
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Polymerase Chain Reaction in a tube needs what four things?
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DNA, primers (the sequence of gene of interest), nucleotides, and DNA polymerase
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process of PCR
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denature DNA in thermocycler (94C), then cool it down to 72C, DNA primer going to tell polymerase where to start and stop, as polymerase moves down operator will add complimentory nuclotides until hits terminator. repeating process (heating/cooling) doubling strand quantity.
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what is PCR being used for?
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to identify HIV in samples of blood. have primers for the virus to try to amplify to a detectible level. also testing for west nile, Hep B, Hep C.
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Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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going to be used in order how related organism are to each other.
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process of Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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take known DNA sample, and sample of unknown DNA sample. denature strands - allow to cool, strands will or will try to hook up together. look at structure, compare how they rehybridize together.
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DNA probes
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hybridized technique used to view comparison of DNA
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