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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Qualities of Drugs
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1.) Selectively toxic to the microbe but nontoxic to host cells
2.) Microbicidal rather than microbistatic 3.) Relatively souluble, functions even when highly diluted in body fluids 4.) Remains potent long enough to act and is not broken down or excreted prematurely 5.) Doesn't lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance 6.) Compliments or assists the activities of the host's defenses 7.) Remains inactive in tissues and body fluids 8.) Readily delivered to the site of infection 9.) Reasonably priced 10.) Does not disrupt the host's health by causing allergies or predisposing the host to other infections |
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Chemotheraputic Drug
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Any chemical used in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease.
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Prophylaxis
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Use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk.
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Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
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The use of chemotheraputic drugs to control infection.
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Antimicrobials
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All-inclusive term for any antimicrobial drug, regardless of its origin.
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Antibiotics
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Substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms.
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Semisynthetic Drugs
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Drugs which are chemically modified in the laboratory after being isolated from natural resources.
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Synthetic Drugs
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The use of chemical reactions to synthesize antimicrobial compounds in the laboratory.
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Narrow Spectrum (limited spectrum)
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Antimicrobials effective agaisnt a limited array of microbial types - for example, a a drug effective only on gram-positive bacteria.
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Broad Spectrum (extended spectrum)
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Antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types - for example, a drug effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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Antibiotics
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Common metabolic products of aerobic spore-forming bacteria and Fungi
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Bacteria in Genera
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Streptomyces and Bacillus
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Molds in Genera
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Penicillium and Cephalosporium
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Selectively toxic
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Drugs should not kill or inhibit microbial cells without simultaneously damaging host tissue.
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Mechanisms of Drug Action
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1.) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2.) Disruption of cell membrane structure or function 3.) Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 4.) Inhibition of protein synthesis 5.) Blocks on key metabolic pathways |
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Cell Wall Inhibitors
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Penicillins
Cephalosporins |
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Cell membrane Inhibitors
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Polymyxins
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DNA Inhibitors
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Rifampin
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Site of action: 50s Subunit
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Erythomycin
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Site of action: 30s Subunit
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Tetracyclines
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