Microbiology: Fungi

Fungi are _____that includes mushroom molds and yeast

Fungi lack

Why fungi not perform photosynthesis

Fungi are_____ that includes____,____,____

Capable of using performed organic compounds for both energy and carbon

Fungi acquire nutrients nutrients by

They produce ____ to predigest food before absorption

Have cell walls typically composed of

Most of them are

Sapros=

They use __ or ___ for food

Most of them are saprobes/saprotrophs and use dead or decaying organic materials for food , these forms are also called

Some trap and kill

Some fungi are ___ and ____

A Specialized hyphae produced by parasitic fungi which allows some to derive nutrients from living plants and animals.

Fungi are major cause of

Many ____ are facultative anaerobes

Can live without the presence of oxygen

They prefer more ___than bacteria

Fungi can tolerate ______ and ______ tham bacteria

Fungi are larger than ___ and have more_____and ______

Fungi usually prefer a pH of about __ which is too acid for most bacteria

Almost all molds are

Most yeast are

Most fungi are more resistant to ___than bacteria. So they are able to grow in jellies, fruit juice, salted meats, etc.

Fungi can grow on substances with_____

Fungi require somewhat _____than bacteria

Fungi can break down ____such as____, that most bacteria cannot.

Fungi that form beneficial associations with roots of vascular plants

Significance of fungi

Many fungi form ____ that can be used for industrial processes they degrade____

Some form organic compounds equivalent to

Can be genetically engineered to produce____ originating in other organism

___%are pathogend

Insect control, to kill pest

Live in plant tissues

Last two features that are not beneficial to humans

Mushrooms are named

Mushrooms are named club fungi because during sexual reproduction their hyphae form club shapes, spore bearing, swelling called

Differ from each other by forming

Are a class of true fungi that consist of:

Network of filaments or strand that grow in the soil or in rotting log

Where do mycelium grow

Is much like the seed of a plant will germinate into a new organism

Many mushroom are delicious to eat but many that appear edible are extremely toxic that can cause

Benefits of mushroom

Mineral that help lower elevated blood pressure and the reduced risk of stroke

Mushrooms are excellent source of

An antioxidant that works with vitamin E to protect cells from damaging effects of free radicals

Can reduce the risk of breast cancer and prostate cancer

An extract of white button mushroom decrease

Molds are

The thallus of a mold consists of

Hyphae may either be

Have cross walls are septa

No crosswalls

When environmental conditions are suitable the hyphae grow interwine and form a mass called ____ which is visible to the naked eye

Portion of the mycelium concerned with obtaining nutrients

The portion of mycelium concerned with reproduction

Reproduction of molds is by

Molds have a great importance because

Source of antibiotic penicillin

From the aspergillus mold on peanuts and cotton seed that are extremely toxic to human and farm animals and have been shown to be carcinogenic as well

Aflatoxin is from the_____ mold on____ and____

Forms and release spores

Yeast are

Typical shape of yeast

Yeast usually reproduce by

Yeast occasionally reproduce by

Yeast are ___or____

Yeast are found in

Yeast frequently found as a____on fruits and leaves

Yeast are naturally occurring on the

Responsible for fermentation process

Common yeast used that ferment sugar to alcohol and their anaerobic conditions

Cervesa means

Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments sugar under__conditions

In _____conditions is breakdown simple sugars to carbon dioxide and water used for racing dough

Anaerobic condition yeast breakdown _____ to ____ and _____ used for raising dough

Pathogenic yeast that causes yeast infections

Some fungi (usually pathogenic species) exhibit

2 forms of growth

Dimorphic fungi can live either as ___or___ depending on growth conditions.

Dimorphic fungi when isolated from living tissue at body temperature (37°C) they appear in a

If grown at room temperature (20°C) or isolated from the soil or dust they grow in the

Causes histoplasmosis

Causes sporotrichosis

Causes coccidioidomycosis

Causes candidiasis

Medically important Phyla of Fungi

Deuteromycota is also known as the

The phylum might be described as a "____" fungi are place until sexual pores are observed when the fungus can be properly classified

Deuteromycota grow as

Deuteromycota are identified on basis of ___and____ of their____

Zygomycota is also known as

Zygomycota have a ____hyphae

Sexual spore produce by zygomycota

Asexual spore produce by zygomycota

Zygomycota are ______molds

Zygomycota can be opportunistic some are pathogenic in the

Common black bread mold

Ascomycota known as

Ascomycota includes

Ascopores develop within the sac called

Ascomycota sexual spore

Ascomycota asexual spore

Sexual spores

Asexual spore

Cause athlete's foot, ringworm, dandruff, nail fungus, jock itch

Conidiopores form long chain on branching conidiophores creating a brush like structure that looks like a broom

Means brush

Form long chains on globelike conidiospore

Pulmonary disease of animals and humans

Infection is often secondary to

Causes Mississippi Valley Fever

Other term for mississippi valley

Histoplasma capsulatum can get from

Part of our natural flora, oppurtunistic

Vaginal and intestinal yeast infection and thrush in the mouth

Known as club fungi

Many form basidiocarps

Basidiomycetes spores

Basidiospores form on the____ of mushroom basidiocarps

Poisonous mushroom, toxin causes mycotoxicosis

Yeast cell surrounded by a capsule

Cryptoccocus causes

Fungi cannot tolerate the ____ that bacteria can (fungal spores aren't as resistant as _____)

All have some means of _______ involving _____and______

Most also reproduce

Fungi can be defined as

How do fungi reproduce

Branching of fungi

Fungi cell wall composition

Fungi are classified within the domain

According to Whittaker fivekingdom system are categorized within the

Kingdom fungi(_____)

Other references divide them between the kingdoms

Fungi may adapt well to environments that

Fungi are classified according to