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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_____are carved or scratched signs or simple figures on rocks. |
Petroglyphs |
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Writing may have evolved in Sumeria because ancient temple chiefs needed_____. |
to keep records systematically |
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Each script below is found on the Rosetta Stone but one. Which does NOT belong? |
Latin |
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Like the Sumerians, who used mud to create clay tablets, the Egyptians made good use of their natural resources. They created a paper like substrate for manuscripts out of _______________. |
papyrus |
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From the Latin for “wedge-shaped,” this method of early writing used a triangular-tipped stylus, which was pushed into clay to form a series of wedge-shaped strokes. |
cuneiform |
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An alphabet is a series of simple visual symbols that represent ______. |
speech sounds |
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When the Greeks adopted Phoenician writing, the system employed a directionality called boustrophedon. Eventually,however, the Greeks adopted a ______ direction for their writing that has continued to this day. |
left-to-right |
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Around the first century BCE, the Roman alphabet—the forerunner of the one we use today—contained twenty-three letters. The letters J, V, and W were added________. |
during the Middle Ages |
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________was a bold, inscriptional Arabic lettering with extended, thick characters usedwidely on coins, manuscripts, and inscriptions on metal and stone. |
Kufic |
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The Hangul alphabet consists of fourteen consonants represented by __________. |
abstract depictions of the mouth and tongue |
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The ancient Chinese invented three of the four innovations listed below. Which does NOT belong? |
oil paint |
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The Chinese calligraphic writing system consists of logograms, or graphic characters that represent _______. |
entire words |
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The early Chinese practice of making rubbings allowed for copies to be made of_______ after 165 ce. The originals were carved in stone and required a great deal of space for storage. |
the Confucian classics |
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China became the first society in which ordinary people were in daily contact with printed images because of the use of printed ________ around the year 1000 ce. |
money |
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A________ was a seal made by carving calligraphic characters into a flat surfaceof jade, gold, or ivory. |
chop |
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The Vatican Virgil, an example of the________ manuscript style, includes Virgil’s Aeneid and the Georgics. |
classical |
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The Celtic manuscript was revolutionary in terms of design innovation because writers ________. |
left spaces between words |
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In the early scriptoriums, the ________ was responsible for the execution of ornament and image in visual support of the text. |
illuminator |
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The_________ of a manuscript or book is an inscription, usually at the end,containing facts about its production. |
colophon |
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So named because they were written between two guidelines that were one inch apart, __________ were rounded, freely drawn letters more suited to rapid writing. |
uncials |
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________ were the first known European blockprints with a communicational function. |
Images of saints |
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The Ars moriendi were a type of block book that offered advice on how to ________. |
prepare for death |
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The style of manuscript lettering Johann Gutenberg adopted for type was ________. |
textura |
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Several factors created a climate in fifteenth-century Europe that made typography feasible: the demand for books by a literate middle class and by university students, and _______________ , which reached Europe by way of a six-hundred-year journey. |
paper |
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The mechanization of book production by such means as movable type was sought by printers in Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Italy. In 1450 in Mainz,Germany, it was _______________ who first brought together the complex systems and subsystems necessary to print a typographic book. |
Johann Gensfleisch von Gutenberg |
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Published in German and Latin versions in 1493, this six-hundred-page book was an ambitious history of the world from the biblical dawn of creation until 1493. It contained 1,809 woodcut illustrations in its complex, carefully designed 18-by-12-inch pages. |
Nuremberg Chronicle |
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The Northern Renaissance artist who became well known forhis detailed woodcuts in The Apocalypse andhis modular design system for textura lettering was ________. |
Albrecht Dürer |
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This Wittenberg printer, artist, and friend of Martin Lutherfurthered the cause of the Protestant Reformation by publicizing it in booksand broadsides. Ironically, ________ also accepted commissions for art fromCatholic clients. |
Lucas Cranach the Elder |
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The Latin word(s) _______________ mean(s) “cradle” or“rebirth.” Its connotations of birth or beginning caused seventeenth-centurywriters to adopt it as a name for books printed from the invention oftypography until the end of the fifteenth century. |
incunabula |
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In his book Underweisungder Messung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt (A Course in the Art of Measurementwith Compass and Ruler), _______________ presented the application ofgeometry to architecture, decoration, engineering, and letterforms, including amodular system for constructing a Gothic alphabet based on six stacked squareswith the top and bottom units tilted to form the serifs. |
Albrecht Dürer |
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Italian examples of Renaissance graphic design did not begin in the city where the Renaissance began, but in ________, a center of commerce and trade. |
Venice |
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A _______________ is a word, phrase, symbol,or design, or combination of words, phrases, symbols, or designs thatidentifies and distinguishes the source of the goods or services of one partyfrom those of others. |
trademark |
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Fear and superstition were swept away as scientists began to understand natural phenomena, leading to a shift in content for graphic design. In Erhard Ratdolt’s ____________, sixty diagrams were used to scientifically explain solar and lunar eclipses. |
Calendarium |
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Atrue renaissance man, Geoffroy Tory’s accomplishments include three of thefollowing. Which does NOT belong? |
Issuing the first printer’s type specimen sheet |
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Aviso Relation oder Zeitung, which began publication in 1609, was the oldest surviving________ from Augsburg, Germany. |
newspaper |
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Pierre Simon Fournier le Jeune contributed three of the following to the history of typography. Which one does NOT belong? |
The invention of moveable type |
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John Baskerville’s refined printing resulted from three of the four elements listed below. Which does NOT belong? |
arabesques in headpieces and tailpieces |
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William Blake’s illustrations for his poetry are in the style known as ______, which contrasted with the styles of layout and typography of Giambattista Bodoni and Pierre Didot. |
romanticism |
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In 1722, William Caslon designed Caslon Old Style and its italic version.________________ introduced the typeface Caslon into the American colonies,where it was used extensively, including for the official printing of the Declaration of Independence. |
Benjamin Franklin |
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______ opened in England in 1786 in order to print texts of equal quality to those from Paris and Parma. |
The Shakespeare Press |
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Robert Thorne of England created a major category of type designs around 1803 called________ , roman faces whose contrast and weight were greatly increased by expanding the thickness of their heavy strokes. |
fat faces |
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A___________ , invented by Stephen H. Horgan, changes continuous tones into dots of varying sizes. Squares are formed by horizontal and vertical rules etched on pieces of glass. The amount of light that passes through each square determines how big each dot should be. |
halftone screen |
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___________, the first person credited with producing a photographic image, was a lithographer by trade. |
Joseph Niépce |
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Louis Daguerre’s early daguerreotype print, “Paris Boulevard,” shows an almost empty Paris street. The reason the street is empty is that Daguerre made the image________. |
with a long exposure time, and moving subjects were not recorded |
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Eadweard Muybridge, who helped settle a bet on the positioning of a galloping horse’s legs, conducted experiments that became the basis for ________. |
motion pictures |
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John Ruskin, an English social critic, pointed to the ______ as an example of the union of art and labor to which industrialized society should aspire. |
Gothic cathedral |
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Arthur Mackmurdo sought inspiration from Renaissance and ______ art for his designs.Some swirling organic forms, in fact, seem to be pure art nouveau because of these influences. |
Japanese |
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The long-range effect of William Morris’ body of work was ______ throughout the world. |
a significant upgrade in book design |
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Rudolf Koch, who designed the Neuland typeface, felt that the ______ was a supreme spiritual achievement of humanity. |
alphabet |
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Morris Benton carefully studied human perception and reading comprehension to develop______ Schoolbook, a type designed for and widely used in textbooks. |
Century |
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BCE |
an abbreviation for "before the Common (or Current) Era" and CE as an abbreviation for "Common Era". It is the same a BC or "before Christ". |
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CE |
an abbreviation for "Common Era". It is the same a AD or "year of our Lord" |