Midterm Study Ate2639 Tollon Fall 2016

An increased number of immature neutrophils in the blood is termed:

Which of the following wbc's tend to have a kidney bean shaped nucleus:

of toxic changes seen in neutrophils include all of the following EXCEPT:

A leukogram that shows a decrease of wbc's along with an increase of bands is termed a:

A condition that is characterized by a marked leukocytosis that may be confused with leukemia is termed:

T or F: When performing a differential, the wbc count should always be reported in relative numbers in order to be diagnostically useful.

Which of the following are not associated with leukemia?

T or F: Immunocytes are the same cell as a reactive lymphocyte

T or F: It is easy to differentiate T and B lymphocytes based upon theirmorphology

Which of the following is the most immature recognizable cell in the erythroid series?

Which cell in the WBC line is one stage less mature then the band neutrophil?

Abone marrow aspiration on a cat may be obtained from the

Which cell in the RBC line is the most immature, with a large nucleus and nucleoli still present?

In what species is a bone marrow sample the primary means buy which to judge the animals response to an anemia?

Abone marrow aspiration in small animals can sometimes be performed with whichof the following

What does the term hyperplastic mean?

T or F: When performing an M:E ratio you would count all mature nucleated cells with the bone marrow.

About how many days does it take a RBC to mature?

When following a bone marrow case, besides actually examining the bone marrow what other lab test might the technician be performing?

T or F: Diagnostic cytology offers significant time savings in thedifferentiation between inflammatory disease and cancer

T or F: It is ok to send cytology samples and formalin fixed samples to areference laboratory in the same box as long as they are wrapped and addressedproperly

T or F: When performing a fine needle aspirate, the best technique is to directthe needle into the mass one time and then remove the needle from the animal

T or F: The term for study of diseased tissues is histopathology

When performing a fine needle aspirate, which of the following pieces of equipment is not advised

If a diagnosis of cancer is confirmed, cytologic findings can provide information for all of the following except:

T or F: When examing cellular detail of a cytology sample, it is wise to use the10X objective

T or F: Cytology seldom will provide a definitive diagnosis when used as the sole diagnostic test as other tests may be needed

T or F: Exudates are an abnormal collection of normal fluid.

T or F: Normal body cavities (pleural, peritoneal and visceral) are lined by mesothelial cells in variable numbers.

Transudates are effusions that are relatively unique because of all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

T or F: Congestive heart failure may result in an animal developing a transudateor a modified transudate

TRUE or FALSE: Increased turbidity is most commonly associated with increased numbers of cellular elements.

TRUE or FALSE: Transudates are a normal collection of abnormal fluid.

TRUE or FALSE: Inflammation can be classified based upon its duration by the terms acute, subacute (same as chronic-active) or chronic inflammation.

TRUE OR FALSE: Acute neutrophilic inflammation is less than 70% Neutrophils, normalneutrophils

TRUE OR FALSE: Complete characterization of an effusion requires evaluation of various features such as the cellular content and specific gravity.

Chronic inflammation is characterized by:

TRUE OR FALSE: Collection of exfoliative cytology samples always requires at least local anesthesia of the site.

TRUE OR FALSE:In general, skin biopsies are not performed as often as they should bein veterinary medicine

Which of the following techniques minimizes pharyngeal contamination of the sample obtained?

List 3 unusual complications from a biopsy sample collection might include

List 4 agents can cause inflammatory lesions in the skin?

Advantages of a punch biopsy include all but what of the following:

The most common skin biopsy punches areapproximately

Taking a section of the liver would be:

T or F: The removal of a portion of the lesion is known as excisional biopsy

True or False: The removal of a portion of the lesion is known as excisional biopsy

Taking a section of the liver would be:

The most common skin biopsy punches are approximately

Advantages of a punch biopsy include all but what of the following:

Which of the following agents can cause inflammatory lesions in the skin?

Unusual complications from a biopsy sample collection might include

Which of the following techniques minimizes pharyngeal contamination of the sample obtained?

True or False: In general, skin biopsies are not performed as often as they should be in veterinary medicine.

True or False: Collection of exfoliative cytology samples always requires at least local anesthesia of the site.

Which of the following organs can be easily aspirated?

What is the most common form of treatment for cancer in small animals?

What are two examples of discrete cells:

When sending biopsy samples in to the lab, all of the following arealways necessary

True or False: Nuclear criteria of malignancy are more reliable than cytoplasmic criteria for estimating malignant potential.

Tumors can be classified into what 3 categories?

Variable size and shape in cells of the same type is termed:

True or False: A Mast Cell Tumor is an example of around or discreet cell tumor?

True or False: Biopsy and aspiration are inter-changeable terms.

The study of cells is known as

A vaginal smear during this time would appear"clearer" showing a predominance of cornified cells, with no WBCs and decreasing RBC's

The first heat cycle experienced by the femaledog can occur anywhere from 6-24 months of age depending on the breed

Ovulation usually occurs during the end of:

Female cats are seasonally polyestrus

The mean duration of estrus in a cat is

True or False: Progesterone is the predominant hormone during proestrus.

Vaginal epithelial cells can be classified into which of the following type:

The stage of the estrus cycle that is markedwith predominantly red blood cells is

Estrogen is the predominant hormone during metestrus

Through cytological examination of the vaginal smear, optimum breeding times can be managed.

Which are included in the components of the immune system?

The ELISA test for FeLV tests for exposure to the disease.

Lymphocyte counts are a very crude estimate in evaluating a cell mediated response of the immune system.

There is not presently a good test for FIP.

Renal failure may depress red blood cell formation.

Hemolytic anemia is the type of anemia that shows the most regenerative response.

TRUE OR FALSE: The Monocyte is the body's first line of defense in infection.

TRUE OR FALSE: Lymphocytes are the primary cellular components of the antibody producing system.

True or False: When using serological test kits, it is important that the directions be followed carefully.

Which of the following is an example of a coronavirus?

Which of the following diseases in cats is similar to parvo virus in dogs:

Are vaccine-associated sarcomas a concern when vaccinating cats?

True or False: Animals in the recovery phase of an infectious disease is resistant to reinfection.

True or False: No test is 100% accurate at all times andunder all conditions

The maternal immunity in young kittens does interfere with FeLV diagnostic tests.

True or False: There is presntly no good test for FIP in cats

FeLV is considered to be a CORE vaccine for cats.

Neoplastic cells in the blood or bone marrow.

A group of bone marrow disorders, usually neoplastic, characterized by proliferation of one, several, or all of the bone marrow cell lines.

List 4 normal neutrophil morphologys

__________ are 0.5 to 2.0 µm angular blue grey particles, usually at the periphery of the cell.They represent aggregations of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Name the RBC Maturation

Name 3 specific cell type tumors

composed of the same cell type

variation in cellmorphology within thesame population

Variation in size and shape of cells

Name 3 Routes of Metastasis

malignant tumors involving epithelial origin

malignant tumors involving connective tissue origin

Chemo for Transmissable Venereal Tumors

Treatment of Lymphosarcoma -

Treatment for mast cell tumors

3 Main Categories of tumors

Name the 4 Epithelial Tumors

Name all 6 Spindle Cell Tumors (mesenchymal/connective)

T or F: Mast cells contain dark granules

Name the sites for bone marrow collection

RBC Mature in approximately ____ days and then circulate for _______ days depending on the species.

Granulocytes take approximately _____ days to mature and then only have a half life of @ ___ hours, before they Sequester into the tissues

____ Lymphocytes are associated with the Thymus and are involved with cellular immunity.

____ Lymphocytes are associated with the Bursa of Fabricious and are involved with humoral immunity, specifically the production of immunoglobulins.

Megakaryocyte maturation takes hours and then the platelets circulate ______ days.

Term that means no bone marrow development

Term that means ineffective (common cats) - an alteration in size, shape and organization in adult cells, this indicates ineffective bone marrow development

Term that means Abnormal development of cells, any new, abnormal growth, one where cell multiplication is uncontrolled.

> 75% cellularity, abnormal increase of a tissue or organ caused by formation of normal new cells. Indicates greater then 75% cellularity in the bone marrow

< 25% cellularityaplastic- Having no tendency to develop into new tissue, no bone marrow development, incomplete or underdevlopment of a organ or tissue. Indicates less then 25% in the bone marrow

____________ conditions- abnormal proliferation of bone marrow constituates.

________ leukemia is a leukemia associated with hyperplasia and over development of lympoid tissue.

___________ disease- transfer of cells/ disease/ cancer from one organ to another.

____________- abnormal increase of erythroid cells.

_______________ : The study of diseased tissue

____________ : The study of diseased cells

Divide malignant tumors into three categories

__________________ They entire lesion is removed. Usually sent off for analysis, this is up to the owner.

____________ Cut into the lesion and remove a portion of the lesion.usually done when the lesion is large and removal may compromise.

____________ Cytology includes Skin Scrapings, Impression Smears. KOH Preps, Vaginal Cytology, and Body Fluids

______________ - an abnormal collection of normal fluid. Have low total cell counts(> 500/ul) Watery fluid

___________- an abnormal collection of abnormalfluidnHave high total cell counts(<500/ul) usualy Thick fluid

__________ Greater than 70% nutrophils

______ ________ 50-70% are nutrophils and 30-50% are macrophages, a few eosinophils may be present.

________ Greater than 50% of the cells are macrophages

___________ When giant or epitheliod cells are present

__________ are foreign substances, usually proteins,that can be viral, bacterial, or fungal.

____________ they are responsible for the recognition and elimination or antigens. (Ab) In-responsive to antigens.

_________ lymphocytes (humoral immunity)

___ lymphocytes (cell mediated immunity)

__________ cells - macrophages, neutrophils

__________________ the separation of plasma proteins by molecular weight in an electric field.

___________, a retrovirus, is the most important infectious disease agent producing fatal illness in domestic cats today.

Where does bone marrow exist in the young animal

Where does bone marrow exist in the older animal

What are the three methods of biopsy that are used for bone marrow collection?

What are the two sites of choice for collection in both the dog and cat?

___________ will frequently have a specific gravity less than 1.017

_______have specific gravity more than 1.017

Transudates are frequently:

___________ are frequently cloudy

Causes of ________ include congestive heart failure, protein losing nephropathy and hepatic insufficiency.

Causes of ________ include ruptured pyometra, peritonitis and penetrating bite wound into the abdomen or thoracic cavities.

____________________ an example of a modified transudate which shares some of the characteristics of both transudates and exudates.

The preferred site for obtaining a CSF tap in a dog is the __________________

How long should animals be observed following a spinal tap for signs of infection?

When performing a transtracheal wash, one should direct the catheter needle through the _______________________

How much fluid should normally be collected when performing a spinal tap?

____________- an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells.

____________- an increase in the number of cells of a body part.

Purulent or suppurative inflammatory responses are characterized by _____ neutrophils.

The most common tumors in the cat are associated with which system?

What is a commonly used drug that can be used in cancer therapy?

____________ and __________ are examples of chemotherapeutic drugs that are used in veterinary medicine to treat cancer.

Myelosuppressive drugs should not be used if the WBC count drops below ______ cells/mm3.

Toxicities to chemotherapy are seen most commonly in rapidly dividing tissues, such as ______, _________, and ________

_________ tumors are commonly referred to as sarcoma tumorsc

Tumors metastasize mainly through what three routes?

__________ may last 4 to 13 days, with an average of 9 days.

____________ usually lasts 4 to 13 days, with an average of 9 days. No neutrophils will be present.

_______________ may last 2-3 months. Erythrocytes are generally absent.

How often should a bitch be bred during estrus?

Which neoplastic cells may be seen on a vaginal cytology?

What are some disorders which may result from the malfunctioning of the immune system?

What are the two immune systems at work in vertebrate species?

What are the 2 components of the adaptive immune system?

__________ abnormalitiesin serum immunoglobulins characterized by increased levels

In AIHA affected cats, what are the common underlying systemic diseases seen?

What does the Coombs Test detect the presence of, and what disease does it confirm diagnosis?

List the 3 types of enzyme immuno assays.

What are the most common species of dermatophytes?

__________ in a common skin disease of cats caused by fungal infections with Microsporum canis, M. gypseum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

The five primary classes of immunoglobulins are ________________________ These are distinguished by the type of heavy chain found in the molecule.

____________ tests are used to demonstrate the presence of antibodies against a specific antigen in serum.

An increase of what electrolyte is associated with renaldisease?

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down starches?

Which of the following is a test of the liver that is not anenzyme?

What is a normal blood glucose?

What hormone decreases blood sugar?

The term for too much sodium is

Which of the following tests is for the liver?

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down protein?

What is the old term for ALT?

What enzyme is responsible for breaking down fats?

When the pH of the blood drops below the normal 7.3 range,then the animal is thought to be in

Increases of what electrolyte may be associated withkidney disease?

Carbonic acid breaks down to which of the following?

An increase of what electrolyte is associated with renaldisease?

Blood gasses are measured using what type of vacutainer?

Increases of what electrolyte may be associated withmetastatic or neoplastic disease?

What hormone decreases blood sugar?

Calcium concentrations generally are inversely related toinorganic phosphorus.

Serology is the branch of science primarily involved with

Renal threshold of glucose is approximately

Cats that are hyperthyroid may show which of the following 3 clinical signs

The adrenal gland causes the production of

Which of the following tests are used in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism

Which of the following tests is for the liver

The opposite of Cushing's Disease is

Hypothyroidism is NOT associated with pu/pd

T4 IS PRODUCED BY THE

TSH is produced in the

In reference to specimen collection the Vagina is NOT considered a closed body area

When obtaining a sample for evaluation, your biggest concern is

Which stain is most useful when differentiating the bacterial species present on a sample smear

It is ok to leave anaerobic samples out overnight, as long as you package and transport them to a laboratory facility first thing in the morning

To reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections, veterinary hospitals should only use disinfectants that:

Nosocomial infections are most often seen in

Osha stands for Occupational Safety and Hazard Administration

Gram positive cocci will appear what color on a well gram stained slide

In the gram stain procedure, the safarin counterstain is

On stained smears, bacteria are best identified on: