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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The Systems Development Life Cycle Consists of _______, ______. _______, and _______
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Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation
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The person that identifies opportunities for improvements and designs an information system to implement them is called a ________ ________.
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Systems Analyst
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In this Phase,
Project Initiation develops a system request, conducts a feasibility analysis. Project Management develops a work plan, staffs the project, and controls/directs the project. |
Planning Phase
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In this Phase,
Develop analysis strategy, gather requirements, and develop a system proposal. |
Analysis Phase
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In this Phase,
Develop a design strategy, design architecture and interfaces, develop databases and file specifications, and develop the program design. |
Design Phase
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In this Phase,
Construct system, Install system and implement a training plan for users, and establish a support plan. |
Implementation Phase
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Methodology: good for complex and reliable systems
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Waterfall method
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Methodology: good for complex, reliable systems with a short time schedule
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Parallel Method
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Methodology: good for unclear user requirements, unfamiliar technology, complex and reliable systems. excellent for short schedules
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Phased method
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Methodology: excellent for unclear user requirements, short time schedules
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Prototyping method
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Methodology: excellent for unclear user requirements, unfamiliar technology, complex and reliable systems, and good for short time schedules
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Throwaway Prototyping
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Methodology: excellent for unclear user requirements, and short time schedules, good for reliable systems and schedule visibility.
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Extreme Programming
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_______ design balances its focus on the processes and data of the system
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Object-Oriented
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a two-dimensional systems development process described by PHASES and WORKFLOWS
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Unified Process
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In the Enhanced Unified Process, the supporting workflows include... (3)
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Project Management
Operations and Support Infrastructure Management |
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The role of the _____ ______ _____ includes ensuring that adequate documentation and support are available to the users.
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Change Management Analyst
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A standard set of diagramming techniques
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Unified Modeling Language
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A decision making body that considers system requests and makes the initial determination of whether to investigate the proposal for a new or improved system is called the _______ committee.
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Approval
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The person who identifies the business value that can be gained from using information technology is called the ______ ______.
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Project Sponsor
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In order to approve a system request, the approval committee must know...
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the high level functionality of the system.
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______ Value: Results from an intuitive belief that the system provides important, but hard-to-measure, benefits to the organization
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Intangible Value
ex: improved customer service no money value directly on the value, but it can be made that money will be saved/gained with it. |
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______ Value: Can be quantified and measured easily
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Tangible Value
ex: 2 percent reduction in operating costs. money directly on the value. |
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A System Request consists of five elements:
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- Project Sponsor - Primary point of contract for the project
- Business Need - Reason prompting the project - Business Requirements - Business capabilities the system will need to have - Business Value - Benefits the organization can expect from the project - Special Issues - Anything else that should be considered |
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A _______ _______ guides the organization in determining whether to proceed with a project. Identifies risks that must be addressed if the project is approved.
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Feasibility Analysis
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Components of Technical Feasibility (flip)
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Familiarity with Application - Less familiarity creates more risk
Familiarity with Technology - Less familiarity creates more risk Project Size - Larger projects have more risk Compatibility - Difficult integration increases the risk |
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Formula for Return on Investment (ROI)
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(Total benefits - Total Costs) / Total Costs
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Formula for Break Even Point
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(Yearly Net Cash Flow - Cumulative Net Cash Flow) / Yearly Net Cash Flow
Use the yearly net cash flow from the first year that the project has a positive cash flow. Add the above amount to the year in which the project has a positive cash flow minus one. |
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Formula for Present Value
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(Cash Flow Amount) / (1 - Interest Rate)^n
n=number of years in the future |
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Formula for Net Present Value
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(Sum of PV Benefits - Sum of PV Costs)
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Stakeholders Include:
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Project Champions
Senior Management Users Other |
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A process that optimizes project selection and sequencing in order to best support business goals is ______ _______ ________.
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Project Portfolio Management
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Project management involves balancing trade-offs among the three key project parameters, which include:
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Cost
Schedule Performance |
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KNOW FUNCTION POINT APPROACH: Example we did in class will help!
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Estimate System Size (Function Points and Line of Code)
Estimate Effort Required (Person-Months) Estimate Time Required (Months) |
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A dynamic schedule that records and keeps track of all TASKS to be accomplished over the course of the project is called a ____ ____.
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Work Plan
- created after a project manager has a general idea of the project's size and rough schedule. - usually the main item in a project management software application - analysis phase |
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Identifying Tasks: 3 ways to list tasks
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1. Work Breakdown Structure
2. Gantt Chart 3. Pert Chart LOOK IN BOOK FOR VISUALS |
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Scope _____ happens when new requirements are added to the project after the original project scope was defined and frozen
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Creep
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Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools automate some or all of the development process
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Advantages Include:
- Reduced Maintenance Costs - Improve software quality - Enforce discipline - assess the magnitude of changes to the project |
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_______ _______ step is the MOST CRUCIAL step of the entire SDLC
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Requirements Determination
more than half of all system failures are due to problems with requirements |
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A statement of what the system must do or what characteristic it must have is a _________.
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Requirement
- during analysis, requirements are written from the perspective of the businessperson - 2 kinds (Functional, Nonfunctional) |
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Interviews
Questionnaires Observation Joint Application Development Document Analysis |
Techniques available to the systems analyst for determining requirements.
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_______ Analysis - Users and managers identify problems with the as-is system and describe how to solve them in the to-be system
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Problem Analysis
-solves problems rather than capitalize on opportunities - small and incremental improvements |
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_____ _____ Analysis - Users not asked for solutions, but for a list of prioritized problems and root causes for these problems
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Root Cause Analysis
- analysts investigate each root cause to find solutions for the highest priority problems and root causes that are common to multiple problems. |
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_____ ______ ______ makes moderate changes to the way in which the organization operates to take advantage of new opportunities offered by technology or to copy what competitors are doing
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Business Process Improvement
- Duration Analysis - see how much time each step takes - Activity-based Costing - see how much each step costs - Informal Benchmarking - see how competitors are doing it and see if it will help the company |
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_____ _____ _____ - changes the fundamental way in which the organization operates
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Business Process Reengineering
- Outcome Analysis - Technology Analysis - Activity Elimination |
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Most Useful Method for collecting Information!!! _____ _____ _____
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Joint Application Development
Allows the project team, users, and management to work together to identify requirements for the system. |