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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body? |
a. Fiber |
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What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine? |
a. Heart |
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Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of |
glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance. |
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In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels? |
a. Liver |
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In general, modifying a diet that by substituting complex carbohydrates for pure sugars results in a diet that is higher in |
a. fat. |
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Allen is 20 years old and asks for help in selecting a fiber-rich diet. After he ranks the kinds of foods he likes to eat, you provide him with a list of food items consisting of |
1 cup baked beans, 1 medium apple, 1 banana, 1½ cups oatmeal, 1 ounce 100% bran cereal, and ½ cup chopped raw carrots |
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What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates? |
a. Mouth |
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The enzymes that digest the disaccharides are produced by the |
a. mouth. |
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All of the following foods are rich sources of soluble fiber except |
a. barley. |
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If you consume carbohydrate in amounts greater than the need for energy and/or glycogen stores, the body stores will store it as: |
a. muscle |
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A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a |
a. diglyceride. |
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Which of the following is a factor that determines the hardness of a fat at a given temperature? |
a. Origin of the fat |
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What lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol back to the liver? |
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A common feature of the plant sterols is they |
a. raise LDL and lower HDL. |
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Which of the following cannot be found in plants? |
a. Cholesterol |
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Which of the following is a feature of fat digestion? |
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Which of the following substances cannot be absorbed directly into the blood? |
a. Glycerol |
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Your aunt Gladys has a family history of heart disease. She decides to begin eating a bowl of oatmeal every morning to help lower her blood cholesterol. After about a month of following this routine, her cholesterol declined about 5 points. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this effect? |
a. Oatmeal is a low-fat food and inhibits the body’s synthesis of cholesterol |
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Which of the following is a feature of fat intake and health? |
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What nutrient is used to form ketones? |
a. Fat |
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Which of the following sources of lipids should be substituted for saturated fats to help lower blood cholesterol levels? |
a. Butter |
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Ronnie eats a fairly balanced diet, but wants to include a good source of omega-3 fats. Which of the following should be your recommendation? |
a. Eggs |
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In comparison to the composition of carbohydrates and fats, which element found in proteins makes them unique? |
a. Carbon |
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Approximately how many different amino acids are used in the synthesis of body proteins? |
a. 5 |
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Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid? |
a. It is not necessary in the diet |
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Two plant proteins that contain all the essential amino acids are... |
a. rice and corn |
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What is the amino acid pool? |
a. The total amino acid content derived from a 24-hour dietary intake |
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If the diet is lacking an essential amino acid, what will be the course of action? |
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An example of a complementary protein is: |
a. bean burrito |
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The process by which bile acts on fat so enzymes can attack the fat is known as: |
a. condensation. |
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Which of the following is a function of the intestinal microvilli? |
a. Secretion of bile salts |
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Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries the fat-soluble vitamins and large fats? |
a. Vascular |
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If the carbohydrate content of the diet is insufficient to meet the body’s needs for glucose, which of the following can be converted to glucose? (think of the carbon units) |
a. Fatty acids |
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Which of the following is the only substrate that can directly obtain energy in the absence of oxygen? |
a. fatty acids |
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The common pathway for the oxidation (metabolism) of products of glucose and fatty acid catabolism (breakdown) is: |
a. glycolysis |
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After a period of prolonged fasting (starving), brain and nerve tissue changes its fuel requirements: |
a. and uses amino acids directly |
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The energy of ATP may be derived from: |
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Anaerobic glycolysis is: |
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The part (s) of triglycerides that can be made into glucose is (are): |
a. short chain fatty acids |
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Severe deficiency of all the B vitamins contributes to fatigue by: |
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Fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose because: |
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Which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose? |
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Red blood cells have no mitochondria, therefore they must rely on _______ as their only energy yielding substrate. |
a. amino acids |
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After digestion and absorption, dietary carbohydrate may be: |
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The term “hydrogenation” means: |
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Yogurt is an appropriate substitute for milk in the lactose intolerant individual because: |
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"Active" absorption: |
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All of the following may serve as precursors for oxaloacetate synthesis except... |
a. fat. |
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An immediate consequence of a cellular deficiency of oxaloacetate is a slowing of... |
a. glycolysis. |
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Why might someone on a high protein, moderately high fat diet for weight loss complain of fatigue or lack of energy? |
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