Module 9 - Applications

The term fermentation as it applies to industrial microbiology can be used to describe:

A. mass culture of microorganisms, animal or plant or plant cells under aerobic oranaerobic conditions.

B. an anaerobic culture.

C. the production of alcoholic beverages.

D. all of the choices

Stirred ___________________ can range in size from 3 liters to 100,000 liters or larger,depending on production requirements.

TRUE or FALSE Production of semisynthetic penicillins involves chemical modificationof a penicillin product after it has been released from penicillin producing cells.

Microbially produced glycolipid surfactants are used for:

A. emulsification and increasing detergency, which aids in biodegradability.

B. solubilization of hydrophobic compounds, which enhances cleanup and recovery ofoil from spills.

C. prevention or reduction of microbial growth on surfaces, decreasing transmission ofdisease.D. both emulsification and increasing detergency and solubilization of hydrophobic compounds

E. both emulsification and increasing detergency and prevention or reduction ofmicrobial growth on surfaces.

Which of the following is a reason why bioconversions are replacing chemical synthesis ofcertain compounds?

A. Bioconversions facilitate the scaling up of reactions.

B. Enzymes catalysts are not destroyed in the bioconversion process.

C. Bioconversions yield specific and biologically active stereoisomers.

D. Enzyme catalyzed reactions in the bioconversion process proceed much more rapidly.

Most biopolymers industrially produced by means of microorganisms are:

A. cell wall constituents.

B. nucleic acids.

C. histones.

D. polysaccharides

Primary metabolites:

A. include compounds such as antibiotics and mycotoxins.

B. include bacteriocins and other similar cytotoxic compounds.

C. are compounds needed for the synthesis of microbial cells in the primary growthphase.

D. are compounds that accumulate during the period after primary growth phase andhave no direct relationship to the synthesis of cell materials.

TRUE or FALSE To assure maximum production of desired metabolites, it is alwaysnecessary to maintain organisms in active logarithmic growth.

Molecules produced by a cell that are not directly related to the synthesis of cell materialsand that are usually produced after the growth phase has ended are called_________________________.

The approach of using mutagenesis and genetic selection to produce microbes with newdegradative capabilities or the ability to produce compounds with new and unique propertiesis called ______________________ evolution.

TRUE or FALSE Indicator organisms are added to drinking water to test whether thepurification process is being carried out effectively.

TRUE or FALSE Chlorination alone will usually suffice to inactivate viruses present indrinking water.

TRUE or FALSE Removal of 99% of the indicator organisms in drinking water will besufficient to avoid disease transmission.

Coliforms and fecal coliform are often differentiated based on their responses to

A. temperature.

B. salinity.

C. pressure.

D. heavy metals.

Sewage treatment that involves horizontal flow in an agitated aeration tank is referred to as

A. lagooning.

B. activated sludge treatment.

C. trickling filter processing.

D. endogenous respiration.

Secondary treatment of sewage involves the use of which type of process?

A. Biological removal of dissolved organic matter.

B. Physical/chemical removal of insoluble particulate materials.

C. Biological removal of inorganic nutrients.

D. Virus removal/inactivation.

TRUE or FALSE It is usually beneficial to add nitrogen when one attempts to stimulatehydrocarbon degradation in the ocean.

Removal of environmental pollutants using microorganisms is called __________________.

The acceleration of microbiological processes by the addition of known activemicroorganisms to soils, waters, or other complex systems is called_______________________.

TRUE or FALSE In the total organic carbon (TOC) test, microorganisms are used to measure the levels of carbon in a water sample

TRUE or FALSE The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test is primarily a measure of carbonaceous demand and should not include nitrogen oxidation demand

TRUE or FALSE If organic acids accumulate in an anaerobic digester, a stuck digester can result

TRUE or FALSE If a leach field floods it becomes anaerobic and effective treatment ceases

TRUE or FALSE Potable water is unfit for consumption or recreation because of the high levels of microbial contaminants present

TRUE or FALSE Rapid sand filtration, used in many water purification plants, is sufficient to ensure that Giardia will be consistently removed

TRUE or FALSE All coliforms can grow at 44.5 C.

TRUE or FALSE Cryptosporidium has recently become of greater concern than Giardia because it is harder to remove from water supplies.

TRUE or FALSE The membrane filter technique can be used in all waters and has completely replaced theMPN technique

The solubilization of metals from low-grade ores by microorganisms is called__________.

What is metabolic engineering?

what makes an ideal organism?

coagulation

flocculation

can form any tissue in the body

- concerns with tumor formation

derived from blastocysts

derived from reprogramming adult cells (typicallyfrom skin)

type of adult stem cell characterized by ability to differentiate intofat, bone, and cartilage