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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chimera
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Hybrid molecule that includes DNA from more than one source
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deoxyribonuclease (DNAase)
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Enzyme that cuts or degrades DNA
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endonuclease
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Enzyme that cleaves nucleic acid molecule in the middle
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exonuclease
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Enzyme that cleaves nucleic acid molecule at the end and usually removes just a single nucleotide
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modification enzyme
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Enzyme that binds to the DNA at the same recognition site as the corresponding restriction enzyme but methylates the DNA
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nuclease
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Enzyme that cuts or degrades nucleic acids
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restriction enzyme
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Type of endonuclease that cuts double stranded DNA at a specific sequence of bases, the recognition site
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ribonuclease (RNase)
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Enzyme that cuts or degrades RNA
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isoschizomers
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Restriction enzymes from different species that share the same recognition sequence
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type I restriction enzyme
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Type of restriction enzyme that cuts the DNA a thousand or more base pairs away from the recognition site
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blunt ends
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Ends of a double-stranded DNA molecule that are fully base paired and have no unpaired single-stranded overhang
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DNA ligase
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Enzyme that joins DNA fragments covalently, end to end
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sticky ends
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Ends of a double-stranded DNA molecule that have unpaired single-stranded overhangs, generated by a staggered cut
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type II restriction enzyme
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Type of restriction enzyme that cuts the DNA in the middle of the recognition site
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Le Chatelier's Principle
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If stress is placed on a system at equilibrium the equilibrium shifts in order the counteract the effects of the stress and regain equilibrium
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T4 ligase
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Type of DNA ligase from bacteriophage T4 and which is capable of ligating blunt ends
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gene cassette
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Deliberately designed segment of DNA that is flanked by convenient restriction sites and usually carries a gene for resistance to an antibiotic or some other easily observed character
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cloning vector
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Any molecule of DNA that can replicate itself inside a cell and is used for carrying cloned genes or segments of DNA. Usually a small multi-copy plasmid or modified virus
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restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
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A difference in restriction sites between two related DNA molecules that results in production of restriction fragments of different lengths
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amp gene
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Gene conveying resistance to ampicillin and related antibiotics and encoding beta-lactamase. Same as bla gene
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ampicilin
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A widely used antibiotic of the penicillin family
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beta-lactamase (Beta-lactamase) (NOTE: Beta is the actual Greek character)
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Enzyme that degrades beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins
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bla gene
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Gene conveying resistance to ampicillin and related antibiotics and encoding beta-lactamase. Same as amp gene.
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ColEI plasmid
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Small multi-copy plasmid of Escherichia coli that forms the basis of many cloning vectors widely used in molecular biology
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multiple cloning site (MCS)
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A stretch of artificially synthesized DNA that contains cut sites for seven or eight widely used restriction enzymes.
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polylinker
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A stretch of artificially synthesized DNA that contains cut sites for seven or eight widely used restriction enzymes. Same as multiple cloning site (MCS)
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alpha complementation
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Assembly of functional Beta-galactosidase from N-terminal alpha fragment plus rest of protein
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alpha fragment
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N-terminal fragment of Beta-galactosidase
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beta-galactosidase
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Enzyme that cleaves lactose and other beta-galactosides so releasing galactose
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blue/white screening
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Screening procedure based on insertional inactivation of the gene for Beta-galactosidase
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insertional inactivation
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Inactivation of a gene by inserting a foreign segment of DNA into the middle of the coding sequence
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X-gal
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Chromogenic substrate that is split by Beta-galactosidase so releasing an insoluble blue dye
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centromere (Cen) sequence
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Sequence at centromere of eukaryotic chromosome that is needed for correct partition of chromosomes during cell division
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shuttle vector
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A vector that can survive in and be moved between more than one type of host cell
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bacteriophage lambda
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Virus of E. coli with both lytic and lysogenic alternatives to its life cycle, which is widely used as a cloning vector
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cos sequences (lambda cohesive ends)
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Complementary 12 bp long overhangs found at each end of the linear form of the lambda genome
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in vitro packaging
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procedure in which virus proteins are mixed with DNA in vitro to assemble infectious virus particles. Often used for packaging recombinant DNA into bacteriophage lambda
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cosmid
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Small multi-copy plasmid that carries lambda cos sites and can carry around 45 kb of cloned DNA
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bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)
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Single copy vector based on the F-plasmid of E. coli that carry very long inserts of DNA. Widely used in the human genome project.
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yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)
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Single copy vector based on yeast chromosome that can carry very long inserts of DNA. Widely used in the human genome project.
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DNA library
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Collection of cloned segments of DNA that is big enough to contain at least one copy of every gene from a particular organism. Same as gene library
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Gene library
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Collection of cloned segments of DNA that is big enough to contain at least one copy of every gene from a particular organism. Same as DNA library
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P1 artificial chromosome (PAC)
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Single copy vector based on the P1-phage/plasmid of E. coli that can carry very long inserts of DNA
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antibody
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Protein made by the immune system to recognized and bind to foreign proteins or other macromolecules
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immunological screening
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Screening procedure that relies on the specific binding of antibodies to the target protein.
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target DNA
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DNA that is the target for binding by a probe during hybridization or the target for amplification by PCR.
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complementary DNA (cDNA)
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DNA copy of a gene that lacks introns and therefore consists solely of the coding sequence. Made by reverse transcription of mRNA
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oligo(dT)
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Stretch of single-stranded DNA consisting solely of dT or deoxythymidine residues
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oligo(U)
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Stretch of single-stranded RNA consisting solely of U or uridine residues
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cDNA library
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Collection of genes in there cDNA form, lacking introns.
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chromosome walking
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Method of cloning neighboring regions of a chromosome by successive cycles of hybridization using overlapping probes
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Dmd gene
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Gene responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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One of several inherited diseases affecting muscle function
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subtractive hybridization
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Technique used to remove unwanted DNA or RNA by hybridization so leaving behind the DNA or RNA molecule of interest.
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bacteriophage T7
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A bacteriophage that infects E. coli whose promoters are only recognized by its own RNA polymerase
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cI gene
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Gene encoding the lambda repressor cI protein
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cI protein
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Lambda repressor protein responsible for maintaining bacteriophage lambda in the lysogenic state
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expression vector
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Vector specifically designed to place a cloned gene under control of a plasmid-borne promoter
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lambda left promotor (PL)
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One of the promoters repressed by binding of the lambda repressor or cI protein
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lambda repressor (cI protein)
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repressor protein responsible for maintaining bacteriophage lambda in the lysogenic state
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