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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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L: Schubert
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1) Lied: Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel
2) String Quintet in C Major |
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L: Robert Schumann
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In the Beautiful Month of May
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L:Chopin
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Mazurka in Bb Major
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L: Liszt
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Three Concert Etudes, No. 3: Un sospiro
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L: Berlioz
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Symphonie Fantastique (Mvt V: Dance of the Witches' Sabbath)
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L: Mendelssohn
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Violin Concerto in E minor, Mvt III
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L: Clara Schumann
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Piano Trio in G minor (Mvt III)
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style features/characteristics of the Romantic period
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1) melody/harmony = rich, intense
2) points of tension are greater 3) melodies are tuneful and beautiful 4) harmony = melody 5) invention of saxophone and tuba 6) invention of the valve for brass 7) orchestra is significantly larger 8) greater use of the keyboard (all 88 keys) 9) expanded dynamics 10) tempo rubato 11) use of literary program 12) thematic unity |
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art song
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poem set to music for voice and piano (lied/er)
can be strophic (same melody for each stanza) or through-composed (melody changes all the way through, no matter the length of text) |
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song cycles
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a collection of lieder; collected by author, or by theme
ie: Die Winterreise (Schubert) |
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piano music
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nocturne (serenade)
impromptu ballade prelude waltz scherzo mazurka polonaise etude |
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Frederic Chopin
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French/Polish; 9-yr liaison w/George Sand; had terrible stage fright
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Nicolo Paganini
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influential violinist; introduced multiple stops, LH pizz, harmonics
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Robert Schumann
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great lieder composer (naga Schubert); great piano composer (naga Chopin); crazypants, died in sanatorium
started "New Journal for Music" - all music was good - signed Eusebius (dreamer) or Florestan (intense) - piano cycle "Carnival) |
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Clara Schumann
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R's wife; one of first important women composers; one of 1st women composers to write under own name
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Franz Liszt
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revolutionized piano performances: highly theatrical; changed the direction piano faced so ppl could see his profile, but also resulted in the piano being much louder
the first rock star invented the tone poem "Transcendental Etudes" on the "freedom" side of structure vs freedom |
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thematic transformation
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compositional technique where the thematic material is transformed to reflect the diverse moods needed to portray a programmatic subject
(employed by Berlioz in SF; mastered by Liszt) |
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2 compositional schools of thought
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structure (Brahms) vs freedom (Liszt)
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types of programmatic music
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1) program symphony
2) incidental music 3) concert overture 4) symphonic (tone) poem |
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program symphony
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a symphony that follows a program
ie Symphonie Fantastique I) Dreams and Passions II) At a Ball III) In the Country IV) March to the Scaffold V) Dream of a Witches' Sabbath |
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incidental music
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Music written for an existing dramatic work.
ie Mendelssohn's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" |
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concert overture
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A 1-movement work for orchestra that follows a storyline and has some kind of structure.
ie Tchaikovsky's "Romeo and Juliet" (demonstrates 3 major chars of Romanticism) |
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symphonic poem
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a 1 movement work for orchestra that is longer than a concert overture and does not have a formal structure
invented by Liszt, perfected by Strauss |
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piano cycle
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collection of short piano pieces with a prevailing theme
ie Schumann's "Carnival" |
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The Erlking
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(Schubert)
4 parts sung by one voice: narrator, father, son, elf king galloping horses in the piano line elf king is represented in a major key (crazyness) |
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idee fixe
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recurring theme that represents something - ie the lover's theme in Berlioz's SF
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Dies Irae
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"day of wrath" - chant, used in mvt V of BSF and also Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini
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col legno
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strings play with the back of the bows - skeletal sound - mvt V BSF
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three major characteristics of romanticism
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beautiful melodies; accompaniment; orchestration
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descriptive symphony
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not a program symphony, but a symphony inspired by an even in a comp's life
ie Mendelssohn's Scottish, Italian, and Reformation symphonies (3, 4, 5) |
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Richard Strauss
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master of the tone poem
Don Juan; Don Quixote; Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks; Also Sprach Zarathustra |
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Felix Mendelssohn (historically)
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son of well-do do Jewish family
around during rising Antisemitism; had some trouble getting music published; tried to convert but failed - sometimes published as Mendelssohn-Bartholy sister: Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel |
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Mendelssohn (music)
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wrote 5 symphonies; last 3 are descriptive symphonies (Scottish, Italian, Reformation)
wrote lots of chamber music |
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Johannes Brahms
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on structure side of structure vs freedom controversy
thought of symphony as epitome of composing; didn't write one till he was 42, then wrote 4 in ten years and then called it quites most of his work is chamber music ie "A German Requiem" (choral); "Academic Festival Overture" |
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Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (historically)
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hard life - was probs gay
Mme von Meck funded lots of his work; they never met official death was from cholera, but who knows (maybe suicide) |
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Tchaikovsky (music)
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wrote 6 symphonies; no 6 = "Pathetique" - completed 2 months before death. 3rd and 4th mvts are switched around; 3rd is bombastic and 4th is somber.
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Antonin Dvorak
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Czech composer, highly interested in folk music and highly nationalistic
taught in NYC for a few years; spent his summers in Spillville, Iowa, where he worked on his 9th symphony - the "New World" symphony - used ideas from Native American music and African American spirituals |
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Gustav Mahler
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known as a conductor > composer in his time
into German and Austrian folk songs 10 symphonies; #1 = "Titan"; #8 = "1,000" |
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Sergei Rachmaninoff
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outstanding pianist/composer
1st concerto and 1st symphony sucked; went to a hypnotist; 2nd concert = one of his best "Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini" "Rachmaninoff" signature at ends of pieces |
