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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rock and Roll arose from the convergence of many musical predecessors, including |
• Black-American Blues (Delta blues, Classic blues, Jump Blues, Electric blues), |
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Gertrude "Ma" Rainey |
Widely believed to be the first blues |
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Delta Blues |
The earliest documented blues style, arose in the Mississippi Delta region around 1910-20, as created by solo singer-guitarists. Important style traits of the blues that emerged |
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Delta Blues Examples |
Charley Patton: “Stone Pony Blues” (c1920s) |
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Classic Blues |
a more refined style promoted in the late 1920s/early 1930s by Bessie Smith (1894-1937), who performed/recorded to the accompaniment of only a piano and solo trumpet (which offered “responses” and instrumental fills) |
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Urban Blues |
a harder-edged blues with a more powerful instrumentation emerged, |
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Urban blues Artists |
Blind Lemon Jefferson (1897-1929) “Big” Bill Broonzy (c1893-1958) T-Bone Walker (1910-75). |
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Charlie Christian |
jazz guitarist pioneered the use of the electric guitar |
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Lionel Hampton |
vibraphonist who began emphasizing heavy “riffs,” which ultimately had a strong influence on electric guitar solo-playing in emerging blues and rock styles |
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Jump Blues |
a new “boogie-woogie”12, jazz-influenced style |
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Selected Examples of JUMP BLUES (early R & B) |
• Louis Jordan: “Caldonia” (1945) |
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“ELECTRIC” BLUES/R & B |
Chicago-50s style • Johnny Lee (“Sonny Boy No. 2”) Williamson • Willie Dixon • Elmore James • John Lee Hooker |
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Alan Freed |
promoted R & B and emerging Rock & Roll to white audiences, despite segregation laws and racial backlash. |
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4 major record companies of the 40s/50s |
RCA, Decca, Columbia and Capitol |
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Chess Records |
a Chicago-based label that began as Aristocrat Records, and then was changed to Chess Records in 1948 shortly after it was purchased by Leonard and Phil Chess. Featured Chess artists included Muddy Waters, Howlin’ Wolf, Elmore James, Sonny Boy Williamson, Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry. |
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Atlantic Records |
New York-based label founded in 1947 by Herb Abramson and Ahmet Ertegun |
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Jerry Wexler |
Head Producer for Atlantic 1953 |
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Talent for Atlantic Records |
Ruth Brown, Big Joe Turner, The Drifters, The Coasters, Ray Charles and even white crossover artists such as Bobby Darin |
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Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller |
Song writing team for Atlantic Records |
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Sun Records |
a small Memphis-based company founded by Sam Phillips (a former radio disc jockey). The company began in the early 1950s as the Memphis Recording Service. Sun Records simultaneously had Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis and Johnny Cash on its roster of artists. |
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Other Notable indie Lables |
• Modern Records (Los Angeles): B. B. King |
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Antoine “Fats” Domino and Lloyd Price |
pioneered the keyboard-and-horn driven sound of New Orleans R & B. |
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Examples of ‘50s New Orleans R & B—Rock & Roll |
• Fats Domino: “Ain’t That a Shame” (1955), “Blue Monday” (1957), “Blueberry Hill (1957) |
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Pat Boone |
most successful of the 50s “cover” artists |
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Examples of “Cover” Versions of R & B Songs |
• Pat Boone: “Ain’t That a Shame” (1956), “Tutti Frutti” (1957) |
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Country Swing |
In the 1920s, Southern U.S. folk (“Hillbilly”) music began to adopt the backbeat rhythm |
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Country Swing Artists |
This style is best represented by the Delmore Brothers, Jimmie Rodgers, Bob Wills. In the late 40s/early 50s, the progressive country-swing “boogie” style of Hank |
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Rockabilly |
strongly |
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The Country side of Rockabilly |
The “Country” side of the balance is more clearly evident in the music of Johnny Cash, Bill Haley and His Comets, Carl Perkins, Buddy Holly and the Crickets, The Everly Brothers (Don and Phil Everly), Rick Nelson20, and Roy Orbison. |
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The Blues/R&B side of Rockabilly |
The Blues/R & B side of the balance is more clearly evident in the music of Elvis Presley, Gene |
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Rockabilly Artist and their original labels |
• Decca: Bill Haley and Buddy Holly |
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Examples of 50s/early 60s Rockabilly |
• Bill Haley and His Comets: “Shake, Rattle and Roll”, “Rock Around the Clock” |
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Country & Western-influenced R & B |
• Hank Ballard and The Midnighters: “Work With Me Annie”
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Early Blues |
• Hank Ballard and The Midnighters: “Work With Me Annie” (1954)
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Jump Blues |
• LOUIS JORDAN: “Caldonia” |
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New Orleans R&B |
• FATS DOMINO: “Ain’t That a Shame”, “Blue Monday”, “Blueberry Hill” |
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Chicago Electric R&B |
• HOWLIN’ WOLF: “Smokestack Lightnin’”, “Spoonful” |
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Texas Electric Blues of the 80s |
• STEVIE RAY VAUGHN: "Texas Flood" |
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50s country & Western |
• HANK WILLIAMS, SR.: “Hey, Good Lookin’” |