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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Deltoid
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Location: Shoulder
Origin: clavicle, the acromion and spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Flex and medially rotate, abduction, extend and laterally rotate Notes: Is assisted by the supraspinatus |
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Pectoralis Major
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Location: Chest
Origin: Medial clavicle, sternum, costal cartilage of upper ribs Insertion: Lateral portion of the intertubecular groove of the humerus Action: Flexes, adducts, and rotates arm medially at shoulder joint |
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Biceps brachii
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Location: Anterior portion of humerus
Origin: Long head supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, short head coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis Action: flexes the elbow joint, powerful supinator of forearm at the elbow joint; flexes arm |
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Coracobrachialis
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Location: Axillary region
Origin: coracoid process of scapula Insertion: middle medial shaft of humerus Action: Adducts and flexes arm |
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Teres Major
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Location: Just superior and deep to latissimus dorsi
Origin: Lateral border and inferior angle of the scapula Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Action: Extends and adducts arm at shoulder joint, drawing it down and back while rotating it medially |
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Latissimus dorsi
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Location: on back and sides
Origin: spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae, lower ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus Action: Extends and adducts arm at shoulder joint (bring to center), draws humerus down and back while rotating it medially (swimming) |
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Supraspinatus
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Location: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Abducts and laterally rotates shoulder joint Notes: supraspinatus initiates abduction of the arm, then the deltoid muscle completes the action (throwing the ball) |
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Infraspinatus
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Location: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus Action: Adducts and laterally rotates shoulder joint |
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Teres Minor
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Location: just superior to teres major and inferior to infraspinatus muscle
Origin: Lateral (axillary region) border of the scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus Action: adducts and laterally rotates shoulder joint Notes: fixes the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa during abduction and flexion of the arm |
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Triceps brachii
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Location: Posterior portion of humerus
Origin: 1) long head: infraglenoid tubercule of scapula 2) Lateral head: above radial groove of humerus 3) Medial head: below the radial groove of the humerus Insertion: Olecranon of ulna Action: extends elbow at joint - antagonistic to biceps brachii (long head of triceps also extends and adducts arm) |
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Serratus Anterior
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Location: Sides of body under axillary region
Origin: Upper ribs (lateral surface 1-8) Insertion: Medial border of scapula (on the deep side of scapula) Action: Pulls scapula forward (protracts) and down (depresses); superiorly rotates scapula |
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Pectoralis Minor
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Location: Deep to the pectoralis major
Origin: Sternal end of upper ribs (3, 4, 5) Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula Action: pulls scapula forward (protracts) and down (depresses) Notes: superior |
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Trapezius
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Location: The visible neck and medial shoulder muscle
Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 - T12 and occipital bone, superior nuchal line Insertion: Clavicle, spine of scapula, acromion of scapula Action: elevates and adducts scapula, draws head back |
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Rhomboideus Major
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Location: Top and middle portion of back (deep to trapezius)
Origin: Spines of several thoracic vertebrae (T2-T5) Insertion: Medial border of scapula Action: Elevates and adducts scapula, inferiorly rotate the scapula Notes: inferior |
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Rhomboideus Minor
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Location: Just superior to rhomboideus major (deep to trapezius)
Origin: Spinous process C7-T1 vertebrae Insertion: Medial border of scapula Action: Elevates and adducts scapula, inferiorly rotate the scapula, lateral rotation Notes: superior |
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Psoas Major
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Location: Passes deep to the inguinal ligament from the lower spine
Origin: Transverse processes and bodies of lower vertebrae Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus Action: Flexes the thigh |
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Iliacus
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Location: passes deep to the inguinal ligament fromt he lower spine
Origin: Iliac fossa Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major Action: Flexes the thigh |
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Tensor fasciae latae
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Location: lateral surface of hip
Origin: Iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Iliotibial (I.T.) tract Action: abducts thigh at the hip joint Notes: tensor fascia latae redirects the rotational forces of the gluteus maximus |
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Sartorius
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Location: obliquely crosses the anterior aspect of the thigh; longest muscle in the body
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial side of tibial tuberosity Action: Flexes thigh and rotates thigh laterall; flexes leg at knee joint and rotates crural (leg) region medially (hacky sack motion) Notes: sartorius means "tailor"; its actions put the lower linb in the traditional corss-legged seated position of a tailor |
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Rectus Femoris
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Location: Superficial (middle) anterior thigh
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine Insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: Causes leg flexion of the leg at the acetabulofemoral joint, extends leg at knee joint |
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Gracilis
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Location: Medial surface of thigh
Origin: Inferior edge of ramus of pubis, near symphysis pubis Insertion: Proximal medial surface of tibia Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint, flexes leg at knee joint |
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Gluteus maximus
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Location: Buttock (good for intramuscular injections
Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx Insertion: Linea aspera of the femur and iliotibial tract of fascia lata action: extends thigh, also laterall rotates thigh (important for bipedal standing and walking/running) |
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Biceps femoris
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Location: posterior lateral surface of thigh
Origin: Long head: ischial tuberosity; Short head: Linea aspera Insertion: Long head: head of fibiula; Short head: lateral condyle of tibia Action: extends thigh and flexes knee joint. Also, biceps femoris laterally rotates thigh |
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Semimembranosus
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Location: Deep and medial to semitendinosus
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia Action: Extends thigh and flexes knee joint, laterally rotates thigh |
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Semitendinosus
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Location: posterior medial surface of thigh
Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: Proximal medial surface of tibia Action: extends thigh and flexes knee joint, laterally rotates thigh |
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Vastus Lateralis
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Location: anterolateral surface of thigh
Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur Insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: extends leg at knee joint |
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Vastus Medialis
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Location: anteriomedial surface of thigh
Origin: Linea aspera and intertrochanteric line of femur Insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity |
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Vastus Intermedius
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Location: Deep to the rectus femoris
Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of femur Insertion: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity Action: extends leg at knee joint |
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Gastrocnemius
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Location: the calf muscle
Origin: Superior posterior lateral and medial condyles of femur (2 heads) Insertion: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon) Action: plantar flexes foot at ankle and flexes knee joint |
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Tibialis anterior
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Location: Anterior lateral portion of tibia
Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia Insertion: 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform (tarsal) bone Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle Notes: antagonist (dorsiflexion/plantar flexion) and a synergist (inversion) of the tibialis posterior m. |
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Soleus
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Location: Deep to gastrocnemius
Origin: head and proximal shaft of fibula, and medial border of tibia Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon) Action: Plantar flexes foot at ankle |
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External oblique
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Location: lateral and anterior superficial portions of abdominal cavity - forms inguinal ligament
Origin: external inferior border of lower ribs Insertion: Linea alba by a broad aponeurosis and some to the iliac crest Action: both contract they compress the abdomen and flex the vertebral column; when one contracts it causes lateral rotation |
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Internal Oblique
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Location: immediately deep to the external oblique
Origin: iliac crest, lumbar fascia, and inguinal ligament insertion: linea albe, lower ribs and costal cartilage (of ribs 8-10 (false) Action: same as external obliques |
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transverse abdominis
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location: immediately deep to the external oblique
origin: iliac crest, lumbar fascia, costal cartilage of lower ribs, inguinal ligament insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis Action: compresses the abdomen Notes: help with child delivery |
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rectus abdominis
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location: anterior portion of abdomen, separated by linea alba
origin: symphysis pubis insertion: xiphoid process, inferior surfaces of middle ribs action: flexes the vertebral column and compress the abdominal notes: important role in respiration |
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masseter Muscle
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Location: Posterior to buccinator, superficial to temporalis, angle of mandible
Origin: zygomatic arch insertion: lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible and of coronoid process action: elevates and protracts mandible Notes: powerful chewing muscle |
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temporalis
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location: temporal region of cranium
origin: superior and inferior portions of temporal bone insertion: coronoid process of mandible action: elevates and retracts mandible |
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lateral pterygoid
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Location: internal to the mandible
Origin: pterygoid process of pshenoid bone insertion: mandibular condyle Action: elevate and protract mandible and moves it laterally (grinding) |
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Medial pterygoid
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location: near TMJ, internal to the mandible
Origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid bone insertion: medial surface of ramus of mandible action: elevate and protract mandible and moves it laterally (grinding) |
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diaphragm
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location: between thoracic and abdominal cavities
origin: xiphoid process, costal cartilage, lumbar vertebrae, inferior internal surface of lower ribs insertion: central tendon action: pulls central tendon inferiorly, increasing vertical dimension of thorax (thus drawing air into lungs) notes: separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity |
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linea alba
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median vertical tendinous line on the abdomen formed of fibers from the aponeuroses of the two rectus abdominis muscles and extending from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis
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linea semilunaris
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the curved line on the anterior abdominal wall that is parallel to the midline and halfway between it and the side of the body that marks the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscles (also called semilunar line)
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Rectus sheath
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is formed from the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transverses abdominis muscles. The left and right rectus sheaths are connected by a vertical firous strip termed the linea alba
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inguinal ligament
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spans the distance between the body of pubis and the anterior superior iliac spine
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Peroneus (fibularis) longus
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Location: superficial lateral, covers fibula
Origin: lateral condyle of tibia; head and body of fibula Insertion: 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform (tarsal) bone action: plantar flexes and everts foot at ankle |
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Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
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location: frontal bone
origin: frontal bone and skin of forehead insertion: galea aponeurotica (aponeurosis - thin, flat tendon) action: elevates the eyebrows, wrinkles skin of forehead |
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Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
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location: occipital bone
Origin: superior nuchal line insertion: galea aponeurotica action: retracts the scalp slightly |
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orbicularis oris
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location: around the lips
origin: maxilla and mandible as well as fascia and fibers from other muscles insertion: skin and lips surrounding mouth action: closes lips, puckers up the lips (kissing) |
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sternocleidomastoid
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lateral borders of the "suprasternal fossa: of the skin
origin: manubriuma nd sternal end of clavicles insertion: mastoid processes of the temporal bones action: both contracted, head is pulled forward and down (flexion); one contracts, head turns opposite direction of side contracted |
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platysma
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location: anterior portion of the neck
origin: fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major plus acromion of scapula insertion: skin of cheek and mandible action: pulls lower lip inferiorly, tenses skin of neck |
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Splenius capitus
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location: neck/shoulder junction
origin: ligamentum nuchae, ligament that runs length of cervical insertion: occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone action: both contract extends head/neck. unilateral contractions turn the head and neck to the same side |
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semispinalis capitus
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location: neck/shoulder junction
origin: C7 and T6 insertion: between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone action: both contract extends head/neck. unilateral contractions turn the head an dneck to the same side |