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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cutaneous maximus
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Skin muscle, outer layer
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Latissimus dorsi
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Axilla down side of body
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Pectoantebrachialis
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Top chest muscle, superficial to pectoralis major
Origin: Manubrium of the sternum Insertion: Flat tendon into superficial fascia of the antebrachium above the elbow Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline |
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Pectoralis major
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Top chest muscle, undernearth Pectroantebrachialis
Origin: Midventral raphe and cranial half of the manubrium Insertion: Middle third of the shaft of the humerus Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline and turns the manus forward |
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Pectroralis minor
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Caudal to the pectoralis major
Origin: From the six sternebrae and sometimes the xiphoid process, resulting in the apperance of several slips that appear to be separate muscles Insertion: Ventral border of the humerus from the bicipital groove to the midline of the humerus Action: Draws the forelimb toward the midline |
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Xiphihumeralis
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Caudal to the pectoralis minor
Origin: Median raphe in the vicinity of the xiphoid process Insertion: Along the ventral border of the vicipital groove of the humerus Action: Synergistic with the pectroralis minor in drawing the forelimb toward the midline |
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Clavotrapezius
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Bulging muscle between shoulder and neck
Origin: Lambdoidal ridge, middorsal raphe over spine of the axis Insertion: Clavicle and raphe between clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis Action: Protraction of the humerus |
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Clavobrachialis
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From clavotrapezius to antebrachium, seems part of clavotrapezius but is separate
Origin: Clavicle and raphe between clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis Insertion: Commonly inserted with the brachialis through a tendon on the medial surface of the ulna distal to the semilunar notch Action: Flexes the forearm |
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External oblique
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Superficial abdominal muscle, craniodorsally oriented fibers
Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia and the last 9 or 10 ribs Insertion: Median raphe of distal portion of sternu to pubis Action: Compress the abdominal region |
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Internal oblique
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Underneath external oblique, fibers caudodorsally. Thin sheet.
Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia in common with the external olique and iliac crest Insertion: Linea alba by a thin aponeurosis in common with the external oblique and transversus abdominis Action: Compress abdominal region |
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Rectus abdominis
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Two muscles on either side of linea alba down body
Origin: Tubercle of pubis Insertion: First and second costal cartilage, proximal end of sternum by a tendon passing dorsal to the tranversus costarum Action: Compresses the abdominal region, pulls sternum and ribs caudall causing flexion of the trunk |
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Transverses abdominis
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Inner most oblique, thing, transverse fibers
Origin: Aponeurosis from the costal cartilages of the vertebrochondral and vertebral ribs, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and ventral border of the ilium Insertion: |
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Acrominotrapezius
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Round back muscle, top of shoulder blades/scapulae
Origin: Middorsal line from the spine of the axis to the spinous process of the fourth thoracic vertebrae Insertion: Metracromion process and spine of the scapula Action |
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Spinotrapezius
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Thin muscle caudal of the acromiotrapezius
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Levator scapulae ventralis
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Small muscle lateral of acromiotrapezius and caudal clavotrapezius and clavobrachialis
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Acromiodeltoid
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Small muscle covered by the clavobrachialis, lateral the levator scapulae ventralis, and cranial to the spinodeltoid
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Spinodeltoid
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Bulging muscle caudal/lateral the acromiotrapezius
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Subscapularis
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Covered by latissimus dorsi, underpart of arm
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Suprasinatus
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Muscle going from top of humerus to top of scapula
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Infraspinatus
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Muscle going from top of humerus to bottom of scapula
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Teres major
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Lowermost muscle going from humerus to scapula
Origin: Dorsal third of the axillary border Insertion: Common tendon with the latissimus dorsi onto the medial surface of the shaft of the proximal end of the humerus Action: Flexes and rotates the humerus medially |
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Serratus ventralis
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Outermost layer of serratus muscles underneath the latissimus dorsi, covering other serratus muscles
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Serratus dorsalis cranialis
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Dorsal muscle undernath serratus ventralis. Top part.
Origin: From the cervicothoracic middorsal fascia Insertion: On the outer surface of the first nine ribs Action Draws the ribs cranially |
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Serratus dorsalis caudalis
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Lower part of serratus under serratus ventralis.
Origin: From the lumbar middorsal fascia Insertion: Last four or five ribs Action: Draws the ribs caudally |
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Gluteus maximus
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Small muscle running medial to lateral, butt muscle.
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Gluteus medius
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Muscle cranial to gluteus maximus, bigger
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Sartorius
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Thin, long muscle cranial gluteus medius.
Origin: Crest and ventral border of the ilium Insertion: Patella, tibia, and fascia of the knee Action: Adducts and rotates the femus, extends the shank |
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Gracilis
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Inside of leg, thin but big thigh muscle.
Origin: Symphysis of the ischium and pubix Insertion: A thin aponeurosis on the medial surface of the tibia and continuous with the fascia of the shank Action: Adducts and retracts the leg |
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Biceps femoris
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Biggest leg muscle seen from the back.
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Proximal one-third of the tibia and lateral patella Action: Abducts thigh and flexes the shank |
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Caudofemoralis
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Caudal gluteus, cranial biceps femoris
Origin:Transverse process of second and third caudal vertebrae Insertion: Thin tendon along the lateral border of the patella Action: Abducts the thigh and extends the shank |
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Semitendinosus
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Medial to biceps femoris, long and thin kind of hidden (not part of the three muscle section, different striations)
Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia Action: Flexes the shank |
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Semimembranosus
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Above the semitendinosus, medial aspect of thigh. (Part of the three muscle section of the leg, the caudal most one)
Origin: Ischial tuberosity and ramus of the ischium Insertion: Medial epicondyle of the femur and adjacent medial surface of the tibia Action: Extends the thigh |
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Adductor femoris
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Broad muscle, cranial to and partially covered by semimembranosus. (part of the three muscle section of the leg, the middle one)
Origin: ramus of pubis and ischium Insertion: Shaft of femur Action: Adducts thigh |
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Adductor longus
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Cranial to adductor femoris, thin and triangle like (part of the three muscle section of the leg, the cranial most one)
Origin: Craniomedial border of the pubis Insertion: Middle portion of the linea aspera of the femur Action: Adducts thigh |
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Pectineus
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Very small muscle cranial to the adductor longus.
Origin: Cranial border of pubis Insertion: Proximal shaft of the femur Action: Adducts the thigh |
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Tensor fascia latae
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Underneath sartoris, the only muscle cut. Small, triangular like muscle. Cranial side.
Origin: Ventral border of the ilium, fascia of surrounding hip muscles. Insertion: Into the fascia lata The fascia lata continues distally and covers part of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis and then inserts on the surface of the patella. Action: Tightens the fascia lata and helps to extend the shank |
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Vastus medialis
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Medial most muscle of all the quadricep muscles.
Origin: Shaft of the femur. Insertion: Crosses the patella and inserts by means of the patellar ligament on the tibial tuberosity. Action: Extends the shank |
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Rectus Femoris
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Lateral to the vastus medialis. Spindle shaped. Medial to vatus lateralis. part of the quadricep complex.
Origin: From the ilium near the acetabulum Insertion: In common with the vastus medialis and lateralis Action: Extends the shank |
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Vastus lateralis
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Large, flat muscle. Part of the quadricep complex. Lateral to the rectus femoris. Lateral most one of the four.
Origin: Shaft and greater trochanter of the femur Insertion: In common with the vastus medialis and rectus femoris Action: Extends the shank |
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Vastus intermedius
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Deepest one of the four. Underneath the rest of the quadricep complex muscles. Have to separate rectus femoris and vastus lateralis to see it.
Origin: Almost the entire shaft of the femur Insertion: In common with the other three members of the complex. Action: Extends the shaft |
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Tibialis cranialis
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Large, flat muscle on craniolateral side of tibia.Where the shin would be.
Origin: Proximal end of the tibia and fibula Insertion: Along the medial surface of the first metatarsal after passing beneath the extensor retinaculum Action: Flexes the pes |
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Peroneus longus
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Muscle opposite the tibialis cranialis on the tibia. Runs along the tibia.
Origin: Head and lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula |
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Popliteus
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Medial shank muscle. Cranial, triangular muscle wrapping around knee.
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the femur Insertion: Medial aspect of the proximal end of the tibia Action: Flexes and medially rotates the leg |
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Gastrocneumius
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Biggest shank muscle. Calf muscle.
Origin: The lateral head arises from the lateral border of the patella, the superficial fascia of the shank, the sesamoid bone located above the lateral epicondyle of the femur and an aponeurosis from the plantaris and adjacent tibia. The medial head originates from the sesamoid bone above the medial epicondyle of the femur and its distal adjacent shaft. Insertion: By means of a common powerful tendon, the Achilles tendon, formed by the individual tendons of the gastrocnemius, the soleus, and the plantaris muscles, that inserts on the proximal end of the calcaneus. Action: Extends the pes |
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Plantaris
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Underneath the gastrocneumius.
Origin: From the sesamoid above the lateral epicondyle of the femur and the lateral border of the patella. Insertion: Passes through the center of the Achilles tendon over the calcaneus and serves as the origin of the flexos digitorum bervis on the ventral aspect of the pes Action: Acts synergistically with the gastrocnemius and the soleus to extend the pes |
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Epitrochlearis
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Medial arm muscle. Where the triceps in human would be. Seen best from top (front) of cat. Large muscle.
Origin: From the lateral border of latissimus dorsi Insertion: By a thin aponeurosis and continuous with the antebrachial fascia onto the olecranon process of the ulna Action: Acts synergistically with the triceps brachii in extending the antebrachium |
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Biceps brachii
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Thick muscle lying on the cranial surface of the humerus.
Origin: By a tendon above the glenoid fossa of the scapula Insertion: By a tendon on the radial tuberosity Action: Flexes the forearm synergistically with the brachialis, tends to supinate the manus and stabilizes the shoulder joint |
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Triceps brachii
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Very large muscle underneath the arm. Consists of three heads.
Origin:Deltoid ridge of proximal end of humerus, near glenoid fosa of axillary border of scapula, consists of three parts all of which originate from the humerus Inseriton: By a common strong tendon onto the surface of the olecranon process of the ulna Action: Extends the forearm |
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Brachialis
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Muscle along the cranial surface of the humerus and lies partially obscured by the triceps brachii. Close to brachioradialis
Origin: Lateral surface of the shaft of the humerus Insertion: Lateral surface of ulna nera semilunar notch Action: Flexes the forearm or antebrachium and is synergistic with the bicep brachii |
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Brachioradialis
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Lateral forearm muscle. Narrow, band like.
Origin: Mid-shaft of the humerus Insertion: Styloid process of the radius Action: Supinates the manus |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus
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Underneath the brachioradialis, this muscle is slender and lies on the radial side of the antebrachium.
Origin: Lateral supracondyloid ridge of the humerus Insertion: Thin tendon at the base of the second metacarpal Action: Extends the manus |
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Extensor digitorum communis
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On backside (back hand) of arm, attached to the medial most tendon. The third of the four ____ muscles.
Origin: Lateral supracondyloid ridge of humerus below the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis Insertion: Tendon divides into four slips that insert on the dorsal surface along the medial aspect of the three phalanges of the second, third, and fourth digits. Action: Extension of second, third, fourth, and fifth digits. |
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Extensor digitorum lateralis
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Forearm muscle, last and lateral most of the four ____ muscles. Connected to the lateral most tendon of the back of the hand.
Origin: Lateral supracondyloid ridge of humerus below the origin of the extensor digitorum communis Insertion: Division of the tendon similar to that of the extensor digitorum communis, but may subdivide into three or four parts that insert along the dorsolateral surface of the phalanges of digits three, four, and five or two, three, four, and five respectively. Action: Extends the digits, with the extensor digitorum communis, synergistically |
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Lateral to the extensor digitorum lateralis, not connected to the lateral most tendon. Lies on ulnar side of the antebrachium and is the last of the superficial ____ muscles.
Origin: LAteral epicondyle of the humerus below the origin of the extensor carpi lateralis and ulna above the semilunar notch Insertion: Base of the fifth metacarpal Action: Extension of carpals of the ulnar side |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Lateral most side of the ulna. Thin muscle running humerus to manus.
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: Bases of the second and third metacarpals. Action: Flexes the wrist |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis
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Flat, wide muscle of the forearm. Most visible and on top of all others on palm side.
Origin: Superficial head, medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: The tendon passes under the flexor retinaculum and split to insert on either side of the middle phalanx of digits 2-5 Action: Flexes the digits |
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Flexor carpi radialis
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3rd deepest muscle in the forearm. On the palm side. Underneath the superficialis and profundus.
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion: Bases of the second and third metacarpals. Action: Flexes the wrist |
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Pronator teres
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Small, round muscle that goes from elbow to middle of forearm on the palm side.
Origin: Medial epicondle of the humerus Insertion: Middle of the medial border of the radius Action: Pronation of the manus by rotating the radius |
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Sternomastorid
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Outermost neck muscle. Most easily seen one.
Origin: Cranial end of the manubrium Insertion: Lambdoidal ridge and mastoid portion of the temporal bone Action: As a pair, flexionn of the head. Individually, turn head. |
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Cleidomastoid
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Underneath the clavotrapezius. Hard to find.
Origin: Mastoid process of temporal bone Insertion: Clavicle Action: When clavicle is stationary, turns the head, when head is stationary, moves the clavicle anteriorly |
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Sternohyoid
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Neck muscle. Thick middle bands in the middle.
Origin: First costal cartilage Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Retracts the hyoid |
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Sternothyroid
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Behind and lateral to the sternohyoid in the neck.
Origin: First costal cartilage Insertion; Thyroid cartilage of the larynx Action: Retracts the larynx |
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Thyrohyoid
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Small bandlike muscle lying along the lateral aspect of the larynx.
Origin: Lateral portion of the thyroid cartilage of the larynx Insertion: Hyoid bone Action: Protracts the larynx |
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Digastric
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Muscles underneath the jaw. Divide on both sides.
Origin: From the mastoid and jugular processes Insertion: Medial ventral border of the mandible Action: Depresses the mandible |
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Mylohyoid
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Thick muscle underneath the jaw, in the middle.
Origin: Medial surface of the mandibular body. Insertion: Median raphe Action: Elevates the floor of the mouth |
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Masseter
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Thin muscle on the back of the head.
Origin: From the zygomatic arch Inseriton: Masseteric fossa and adjacent portions of the mandible Action: Elevation of the mandible |
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Tempororalis
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Massive muscle in your head.
Origin: Most fibers originate from the temporal bone and a few from the zygomatic arch Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible Action: Elevates mandible |