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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the muscles of the tongue can be grouped according to whether they are __________ or _________
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- Intrinsic
- Extrinsic |
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the tongue consists of symmetrical halves divided from each other by the __________, a deep fibrous structure in the midline of the tongue
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median septum
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the median septum corresponds with the midline depression on the tongue's dorsal surface called the _____________
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median lingual sulcus
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_________ tongue muscles are all located inside the tongue
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intrinsic
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True or False:
All of the intrinsic muscles have their origin outside the tongue yet have their insertion inside the tongue |
True
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the four sets of instrinsic mucles are
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- superior longitudinal muscle
- transverse muscle - verticle muscle - inferior longtiudinal muscle |
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The _________ muscle is the most superficial of the intrinsic tongue muscles and it runs in an oblique and longitudinal direction in the doral surface from the base to the apex
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superior longitudinal muscle
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the ________ muscles is deep to the superior longitudinal muscle and runs in a transverse direction from the median septum to pass outward toward the lateral surface of the tongue
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transverse muscle
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the ________ muscle runs in a vertical direction from the dorsal surface inward to the ventral surface in the body of the tongue
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vertical muscle
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the __________ muscle is located in the ventral surface of the tongue and runs in a longitudinal direction from the base to the apex of the tongue
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inferior longitudinal muscle
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all intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the
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twelfth cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve)
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The superior and inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue act together to
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change the shape of the tongue by shortening and thickening it and act singly to help it curl in various directions
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the transervse and vertical muscles of the tongue act together to
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make the tongue long and narrow
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There are ____ pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles
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3
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all extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by
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the twelfth cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve)
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the ________ is a fan-shaped extrinsic tongue muscle superior to the geniohyoid muscle
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genioglossus muscle
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the genioglossus muscel originates a the _________ and inserts at the _________
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- genial tubercles on mandible
- hyoid bone and tongue |
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the genioglossus muscle is innervated by
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CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
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the action of the genioglossus muscle
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protrusion
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the styloglossus muscle originates at the _________ and inserts at the _________
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- styloid process of temporal bone
- tongue |
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the styloglossus muscle is innervated by
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CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
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the action of the styloglossus muscle is
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retraction
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the hyoglossus muscle originates at the __________ and inserts at the _________
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- greater cornu and body of hyoid bone
- tongue |
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the hyoglossus muscle is innervated by
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CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)
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the action of the hyoglossus muscle
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depresses tongue
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the ________ is part of both the respiratory and digestive tracts and is connected to both the nasal and oral cavities
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pharynx
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the pharynx consists of three portions:
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- nasopharynx
- oropharynx - laryngopharynx |
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the muscles of the pharnyx include:
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- stylopharyngeus muscle
- pharyngeal constrictor muscle |
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These muscle are involved in speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function and are responsible for initiating the swallowing process
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muscle of the pharynx
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the _________ is a paired longitudinal muscle of the pharynx
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stylopharyngeus muscle
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the stylopharyngeus muscle originates at the _________ and inserts at the _________
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- styloid process
- lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls |
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the stylopharyngeus muscle is innervated by
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CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
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the action of the stylopharyngeus muscle
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elevates and widen pharynx
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the parhyngeal constrictor muscle consist of three paired muscles that form the lateral and posterior walls of pharynx:
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- superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
- middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle - inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle |
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the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle originates at the _________ and inserts at the __________
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- pterygoid hamulus, mandible, pterygomandibular
- median pharyngeal raphe |
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the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is innervated by
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pharyngeal plexus
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the action of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
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raise pharynx and larynx to help in deglutination (swallowing)
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the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle originates at the __________ and inserts at the __________
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- hyoid bone and stylohoid ligament
- median pharyngeal raphe |
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the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is innervated by the
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pharyngeal plexus
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the action of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle is
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raise pharynx and larynx to help in deglutination (swallowing)
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the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle originates at the ________ and inserts at the __________
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- thyroid and cricoids cartilages of larynx
-median pharyngeal raphe |
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the ________ forms the nonbony posterior portion of the roof of the mouth or the oropharnyx and connects laterally with the tongue
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soft palate
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the muscles of the soft palate are involved in speaking and swallowing and inlude:
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- platoglossus
- palatopharyngeus - levator veli palatini - tensor veli palatini - muscle of uvula |
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True or False:
Some anatomists consider the palatoglossus muscle to be an extrinsic muscle of the tongue because it is involved in tongue movement. |
True
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True or False
All of the muscles of the soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus |
False - all muscle of the soft palate are innervated by the pharyngeal plexus EXCEPT the tensor veli palatini muscle which is innervated by mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve (CN V3)
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the ___________ muscle forms the anterior faucial pillar cavity
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palatoglossus muscle
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the __________ is a vertical fold in the oral cavity, anterior to each palatine tonsil
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anterior faucial pillar
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the palatoglossus muscle originates at the ________ and inserts at the _________
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- median palatine raphe
- tongue |
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the palatoglossus muscle is innervated by
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pharyngeal plexus
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the action of the palatoglossus muscle
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elevates and arches tongue, depressing soft palate toward tongue
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the __________ forms the posterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity
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palatopharyngeus muscle
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the __________is a vertical fold in the oral cavity that is posterior to each palatine tonsil
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posterior faucial pillar
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the palatopharyngeus muscle originate at the _________ and inserts at the ___________
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- soft palate
- laryngopharynx and thyroid cartilage |
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the palatopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the
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pharngeal plexus
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the action of the palatopharyngeus muscle
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moves palate posterioinferioly and posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly
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the _________ is a soft palate muscle that is mainly situated superior to the soft palate
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levator veli palatine
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the levator veli palatine originates at the _________ and inserts at the _________
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- soft palate
- laryngopharynx and thyroid cartilage |
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the levator veli palatine is innervated by
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pharyngeal plexus
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the action of the levator veli palatine
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moves palate posteroinferiorly, moves posterior phayrngeal wall anterosuperiorly
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the ________ is a special muscle of the soft palate that stiffens the soft palate
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tensor veli palatini muscle
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this muscle of the soft palate has some fibers that are also responsible for opening the auditory tube to allow air to flow between the pharynx and middle ear cavity
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tensor veli palatini muscle
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the tensor veli palatine muscle originates at the ________ and inserts at the ________
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- temporal bone
- median palatine |
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the tensor veli palatine muscle is innervated by
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CN V3 (mandibular division of the fifth or trigeminal nerve)
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the action of the tensor veli palatine muscle
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tenses and slightly lowers soft palate
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True or False:
The uvula is a muscle |
True
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the muscle of the uvula originates at the
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tissue projection that hangs inferiorly from posterior soft palate
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the muscle of the uvula is innervated by
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pharngeal plexus
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the action of the muscle of the uvula
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shortens and broadens uvula allowing the soft palate to closely adapt to posterior pharyngeal wall
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True or False:
The uvula is among several muscle that do not have an insertion point |
FALSE - the uvula is the only muscle with no insertion point
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