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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what 2 major factors effect anaerobic growth?
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Low oxidation-reduction potential
Absence of oxygen |
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what 3 enzymes are typically missing from anaerobic organisms (3)
*important |
Superoxide dismutase
Catalase Peroxidase |
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where are the 2 major places you find anaerobic organisms
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fecal flora
oral cavity |
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are anaerobic organisms communicable?
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not really
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do most anaerobic infections have only anaerobic organisms?
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no, they are generally polymicrobic
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what kind of infection would have a foul smelling discharge, necrotic tissue with gas, and black discoloration of blood-containing exudate?
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anaerobic infection
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an infection following a human or animal bite would likely be
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anaerobic
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where are some of the likely spots taht have anaerobic infection?
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abdominal***
aspiration pneumonia dental pelvic |
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what is the major location of infection by anaerobic organisms?
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abdomen (GI)
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what is the ideal way to collect a anaerobic specimen?
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aspirate pus with a needle and syringe
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these are bacteria in a Thioglycollate broth. Please label the type of growth seen in each tube
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1. aerobe, 2. facultative, 3. aerotolerant, 4. anaerobic
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if you see brick-red fluorescence under a woods lamp, what are you thinking
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Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus
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oral or brain abscesses are associated with?
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Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus
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what will Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus look like on an agar?
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Distinctive black colonial appearance on agar
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what kind of bacteria is Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus
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Gram-negative coccobacilli to short rods
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Lightly staining, Gram-negative rods, usually pleomorphic
Grow relatively rapidly and are stimulated by bile this describes what bacteria? |
Bacteroides fragilis
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Bacteroides fragilis is generally found where? (normal habitat)
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gut and female genital tract
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what adds to the majority of Bacteroides fragilis virulence?
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75% is the capsule
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Bacteroides fragilis causes infection where?
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Frequent cause of gastrointestinal abscess
Pelvic inflamatory disease Cellulitis (mixed infections) |
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what are 2 of the biggest drugs used to treat anaerobic bacteria?
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metronidazole or clindamycin
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describe the shape of Fusobacterium nucleatum
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Gram-neg, long, slender filaments and fusiform rods
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what is the normal habitat of Fusobacterium nucleatum
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oral cavity and occasionally stool
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Vincent's agnina (pain in the gums) is associated with?
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Fusobacterium nucleatum
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Peptostreptococcus are found where normally?
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mouth or stool
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Peptostreptococcus cause what kind of infections?
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Cause synergistic infections with S. aureus and Bacteroides sp.
Brain abscesses, head infections, etc. |
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what is the Only pathogenic actinomycete that is anaerobic
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Actinomyces israelii
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describe the bacteriology of Actinomyces israelii
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Gram-positive branching rods
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what bacteria Produce sulfur granules in abscesses and culture
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Actinomyces israelii
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where do infections of Actinomyces israelii occur?
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mouth or head area
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do infections by Gram Positive Spore-Formers occur exogenously or endogenously?
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endogenously
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what do Gram Positive Spore-Formers require?q
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low Eh potential
aka unable to infect healthy tissue will not produce toxin at high Eh |
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what is associated with gas gangrene?
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Clostridium perfringens
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Cellulitis and myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and Food poisoning are associated with?
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Clostridium perfringens
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what is the major virulence factor for Clostridium perfringens?
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exotoxins (12 designated by greek letters)
Alpha toxin (lecithinase, phospholipase C) degrades mammalian cell membranes |
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What is alpha toxin?
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an Exotoxin that Alpha toxin degrades mammalian cell membranes
primary virulence factor for clostiridium perfringens |
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what is Myonecrosis? what causes it?
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Clostidium perfingens infects soft tissue following severe trauma → organisms multiply and elaborate toxins and enzymes, utilize glycogen → gas, edema, impaired circulation → vascular destruction and lactic acid build up lowers redox potential → cellulitis → myonecrosis → shock and renal failure (fatal in ~30% of cases)
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in culture, if you see clearing and distinctive double zone of hemolysis what type of bacteria do you have?
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Clostridium perfringens
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in culture if you see Gram-positive “box car-like” rods what do you have?
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Clostridium perfringens
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What bacteria is this?
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Clostridium perfringens
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What bacteria is this?
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Clostridium perfringens
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how does Clostridium tetani work?
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Suppresses release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA), therefore signals are unopposed and muscles are constantly stimulated to contract
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if you see a Gram Positive motile rod with terminal spores what are you looking at?
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Clostridium tetani
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what are the treatments of infection by Clostridium tetani
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Antitoxin
Debride tissue of wound DOC: penicillin |