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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The highness or lowness of a sound is called its
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Pitch
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A quarter note is twice as long as a half note.
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False
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The conductor brings his arm up on the first beat of the measure.
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False
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Accents may be achieved each of the following ways except
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supposition.
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The sign placed at the beginning of the staff to fix the position of all of the pitches on the staff is the
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Clef
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Rhythm notation indicates all of the following except
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rate of speed.
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The loudness or softness of a pitch is called its __________ level.
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Dynamic
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The interval from C to E is a(n)
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Third
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Music always has rhythm.
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True
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Mezzoforte is a very loud level of volume
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False
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The rate of speed of a musical composition is its
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Tempo
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A musical staff has
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five lines and four spaces
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Rhythm refers to the arrangement of
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long and short sounds.
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It is the custom in Western music to accent the __________ beat of the measure.
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First
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We refer to specific pitches or tones with letter names, using the letters __________ of the alphabet.
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A through G
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In metered music, tones may occur on, before, or after the beats.
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True
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Rests indicate
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measured silence.
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The last beat of a measure, which is usually the weakest, is called the
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upbeat
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The rate of vibration of sound waves is called
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Frequency
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A C-sharp pitch is __________ in pitch than a C pitch.
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Higher
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The metronome made it possible for composers to indicate tempo as exactly as they notate pitch
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True
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Meter refers to the organization of rhythm into
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metrical patterns of strong and weak beats.
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Harmony is an essential element of non-Western music.
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False
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A sequence is the repetition of a melodic phrase at the same pitch level.
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False
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The modern concept of tonal harmony based on major and minor scales was accepted in the
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1600s
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A melody is sometimes referred to as a
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Tune
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A hymn sung with accompaniment is an example of ___________ texture.
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homophonic
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A melody consists of one or more parts that are called
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Phrases
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The system of harmony that has been prevalent in the West for nearly three hundred years is called the __________ system.
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Tonal
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The standard by which sounds are labeled "consonant" and "dissonant" remains constant through time but differs from culture to culture
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False
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The fourth step of a diatonic scale is called the
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subdominant
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The most common interval used in chord construction in traditional Western music is
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Thirds
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A round is an example of __________ texture.
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Polyphonic
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Melodic lines, used singly, combined with one another, or accompanied by harmony, form
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Texture
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The fifth step of a diatonic scale is called the
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Dominant
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The tonic note of the scale upon which a composition is based is also the name of the __________ in which the piece is written.
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Key
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In music, two or more different tones sounded together produce harmony.
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True
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A single, unaccompanied melodic line has a type of texture called
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Monophony
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The smallest interval traditionally used in Western music is the
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Half step
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Although melody is consecutive and "linear" while harmony is simultaneous and "vertical," the two concepts are in fact interrelated, and work closely together.
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True
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The chromatic scale is composed of five whole and two half steps.
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False
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A melodic and/or rhythmic pattern that is repeated many times is a(n)
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Ostinato
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When two or more simultaneous pitches create a sense of tension and drive, they are said to be
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Dissonant
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The relationship between dissonance and consonance in tonal music may be summarized as
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consonance resolves the tension created by dissonance.
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The ascending major scale pattern is
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W W H W W W H
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Melodies based on the major or minor scales always lead to and conclude on the
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Tonic
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When the pitches of a melody are widely separated, the melodic line is
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Disjunct
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Consonance and dissonance are relative rather than absolute terms, meaningful only when compared to each other.
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True
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The whole-tone scale divides the octave into eight whole steps.
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False
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A melody with a songlike character is
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Lyrical
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A five-tone scale within the range of an octave is called the
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Pentatonic
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All cadences convey the same degree of arrival or finality.
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False
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A recurring melody in a movement, a section of a movement, or an entire composition is called a
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Theme
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Three or more pitches sounding simultaneously to form a whole comprise a
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Chord
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The adjusting levers, buttons, or handles on an organ are called
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Stops
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The harpsichord was of great importance during the
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sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.
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The piano is technically a percussion instrument, since depressing the keys causes hammers inside the piano to strike the strings
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True
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The quality of sound that is characteristic of a particular voice, instrument, or ensemble is called its
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Timbre
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A high baritone may sing in the tenor range, but the timbre of the baritone's voice is richer or "darker" than a tenor's.
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True
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Music for a small instrumental ensemble with one instrument per line of music is called
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Chamber music
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An electronic instrument that can produce an unlimited variety of sounds as well as modify sounds produced by other sources is the
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Synthesizer
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The type of a musical piece is described by its
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Genre
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The damper pedal of the piano allows the
pianist to |
sustain tones after the keys have been lifted.
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A major section of a large work, such as symphony or concerto is called
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Movement
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In physical terms, it is the particular combination of _____________ that gives the characteristic timbre or tone quality to a voice or instrument
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Overtones
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A musical performance by a soloist or a small ensemble is called a
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recital.
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Instruments in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were able to produce a large variety of timbres so there was no need to use a large variety of instruments in musical performances
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False
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the notated parts for all of the instruments or voices of a composition.
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Score
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numbers indicate the chronological order in which pieces or the same composer were composed or published.
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Opus
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The Greek scales were called
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Modes
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The Greek doctrine of ____________ concerns the moral and ethical aspects of music.
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Ethos
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Two rival religious cults in ancient Greece were represented by gods called _________ and _________.
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Apollo, Dionysus
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The time period _________________ is generally accepted in Western music as the Romantic period.
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1820-1910
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The time period _________________ is generally accepted in Western music as the Medieval period.
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500-1450
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In many musical cultures, improvisation and composition often go hand in hand.
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True
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Most Renaissance music was secular in nature, and most was conceived for instrumental performance.
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False
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The rhythm in Gregorian chant is usually
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Free and Flexible
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Medieval polyphony consisted of independent melodic lines that were intended to be heard in a linear rather than a vertical (harmonic) way.
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True
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Music in ancient Greece was generally _________ in texture.
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Monophonic
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Music in ancient Greece was generally _________ in texture.
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Monophonic
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The Renaissance period is known as the Golden Age of
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Polyphony
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The twelfth- or thirteenth-century English piece "Sumer is icumen in" is an example of a
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canon
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"Sumer is icumen in" employs a repeated bass motive called a(n)
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Ostinato
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The classical style of music is associated with the Greek musical god Apollo, who played the rather raucous wind instrument, the aulos, and promoted music suitable for drama, revelry, and competitive games.
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False
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Much Greek music was __________, or invented and performed simultaneously, and thus never written in musical notation.
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Improvised
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Renaissance melodies were still modal in concept, but pitches were often altered to imply a "major" or "minor" sound.
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True
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The term __________ means the science of sound.
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Acoustics
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The first complete setting of the entire Ordinary of the Mass by one composer is thought to be the Missa Notre Dame, by ____________, a fourteenth-century poet and musician.
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Guillaume de Machaut
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The cradle of Western civilization was ancient ___________; many aspects of our culture were born and nurtured there.
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Greece
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Gregorian chant was usually sung in _________, so that all of the voices sang the same melody at the same time unaccompanied by instruments.
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Unison
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The Protestant Reformation erupted in Germany in 1517 when _____________ brought to public attention ninety-five articles of complaint against the church.
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Martin Luther
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The Netherlands composer, _____________, was considered by his contemporaries to be the greatest composer who had ever lived.
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Josquin des Prez
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The vivid, passionate expression of the _________—human emotions or "states of the soul"—led to the Baroque period.
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affections
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Madrigals became known for dramatic, extreme examples of word painting called
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Madrigalisms
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The madrigal originated in Italy but soon became very popular in
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England
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Like other Renaissance composers, Josquin des Prez was more conservative when composing motets and more innovative and daring when composing polyphonic Masses.
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False
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Unlike the emotional Italian madrigals, English madrigals were often light in mood, whimsical, gently humorous, sentimental, or festive.
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True
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The Calvinists created the __________ for their worship music.
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Psalm tune
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During the Renaissance, stylistic differences between religious and secular music and between vocal and instrumental music became apparent.
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True
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The transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque can be described as a change from a romantic emphasis on drama and personal expression to a more classical style that stressed balance, order, and repose.
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False
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The Florentine Camerata advocated a new type of solo singing, which was based on ideals contrary to those embraced by the ancient Greeks.
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False
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The form of a Renaissance motet is
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through-composed.
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Sixteenth-century Italy introduced a new type of song to the secular repertoire, the
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Madrigal
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The congregational song or hymn introduced into the worship service by Martin Luther was called the Lutheran
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Chorale
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An underlying concept of the Baroque style, the contrasting sonorities of various voices and instruments, was known as the _______________ principle.
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Concertato
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Although Renaissance composers were primarily concerned with setting religious texts to music for worship services, instrumental music was increasingly appreciated for its own sake
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True
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Instrumental ensembles consisting of members of the same instrument family (organized much like vocal choirs, with soprano, alto, tenor, and bass ranges) were called
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Consorts
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___________, known as the "Prince of Music," was a late Renaissance composer whose conservative church music reflected the values of the Council of Trent.
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Palestrina
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By the seventeenth century, it was common for the church organist to play a four-part harmonization while the congregation sang the chorale melody, just as in most Protestant churches today.
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True
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The __________ was a quiet keyboard instrument capable of subtle changes of volume and even a slight vibrato.
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Clavichord
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The church of St. Mark in Venice, Italy, designed in the plan of a cross, became the center for the performance of __________ music, festive music performed by several choirs of voices and/or instruments.
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Polychoral
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The first book printed in America (in 1640) was a psalter, the
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Bay Psalm Book
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The increasing use of the triad, built upon all the degrees of the scale, gave a sense of stability and harmonic direction to tonal music not inherent in modality
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True
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Since the fugue was originally developed on keyboard instruments, it was never successfully adapted for other instrumental or vocal combinations.
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False
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The long and terrible religious wars of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries left central Europe largely Protestant and the northern countries largely Roman Catholic.
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False
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The term cantata originally meant a piece to be
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Sung
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During the Baroque period, composers developed the ___________ system, in which every note of the major or minor scale bears a specific relationship to every other note
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Tonal
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The text of an opera is called a(n)
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libretto
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The opening section of a fugue, in which the subject entrances are stated, is called the
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exposition
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At the beginning of the seventeenth century, composers found Palestrina's polyphonic style more suitable for church music than for secular music.
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False
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Although the oratorio shares many characteristics with the opera, its most important difference is its
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Religious subject matter
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A __________ is a relatively short keyboard piece which may be an independent composition or an introduction to another piece or set of pieces.
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Prelude
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According to the doctrine of affections, only one mood was to be expressed within one composition or within one movement of a multimovement work.
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True
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A distinctive feature of Baroque music was the abrupt change of dynamic levels called __________ dynamics
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Terraced
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The ________ principle of contrasting sonorities formed the basis of the Baroque concerto
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Concertato
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One of Bach's greatest legacies was a set of two volumes of twenty-four preludes and fugues called the __________, which included one prelude and fugue in each major and minor key
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Well-Tempered Clavier
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Baroque violins differed in several respects from the viols of the Renaissance; new methods of construction and new bowing techniques produced a louder sound, pleasing to the romantic taste of the Baroque music lover.
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True
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During the Baroque era, the __________ replaced the lute in popularity, and many lute pieces were played on this instrument instead.
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Harpsichord
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Musicians date the Baroque period from about _____ to about ____.
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1600, 1750
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During the Baroque period, the Renaissance style of four or more melodic lines was replaced by the preference for a melody in the highest voice or voices, supported by a strong bass line, with the disposition of the inner voices left largely to improvisation.
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True
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According to the ritornello principle, a thematic section (ritornello), usually played by solo instruments, begins the movement and then alternates with sections of different musical material played by the orchestra.
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False
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The trio sonata was written on three lines of music, but it required at least __________ performers, because of the basso continuo.
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Four
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The music of the Rococo was generally light and entertaining rather than serious and dramatic
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True
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The three main sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are the
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exposition, development, and recapitulation.
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The Classical period's appreciation for clarity of thought, purity of sound, and emotional restraint made chamber music one of the favorite means of expression.
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True
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Germany introduced a style similar to the French Rococo—the __________ style.
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expressive
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A Classical concerto usually had at least one passage, called a __________, which was improvised by the soloist alone.
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Cadenza
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An extended closing section in the Classical sonata-allegro form is called the
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Coda
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Among instrumental genres, the __________ experienced the greatest development and offered composers the widest field for creativity during the mid-1700s
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Symphony
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In a chamber music performance, each player must be an accomplished performer since each is responsible for one line of music.
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True
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The most significant difference between the exposition and the recapitulation in sonata-allegro form is that
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the exposition changes key but the recapitulation does not
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In a Classical string quartet, the person playing __________ serves as the leader of the group.
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First violin
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In the middle of the eighteenth century, the German city of __________ developed an outstanding orchestra which attracted attention throughout western Europe.
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Mannheim
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The two outstanding Classical composers of the late eighteenth century were
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Haydn and Mozart.
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In Rococo music, more than one melody was frequently introduced within a piece or movement, in contrast to the Baroque inclination to present one melodic idea, one mood or "affection," at a time.
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True
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Another Classical multimovement composition to be "sounded" by one or two instruments is called a
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Sonata
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Proponents of the Enlightenment believed that knowledge is universal, truth absolute, and reason the pathway to Enlightenment.
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True
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In literature, the eighteenth century was an age of __________ more than poetry.
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Prose
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After the Baroque period, the concerto grosso declined in importance and was replaced by the Classical concerto for orchestra and one soloist.
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True
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A Classical string quartet usually consists of __________ movements.
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Four
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The overall design of a work is called its
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Form
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Unlike Baroque composers, who typically confined one section of a work to one mood or "affection," Classical composers often considered the two tonal areas of the sonata-allegro exposition an opportunity to present two melodies of a contrasting nature.
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True
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One form of a Classical rondo is
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A B A C A
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In a sonata for two instruments, such as a violin and a piano, each of the instruments is of equal importance.
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True
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Music performed by a relatively small number of people in a small room is called _________ music.
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Chamber
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In France, the most important composer of the Rococo period was
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Francois Couperin.
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During the late eighteenth century, a significant number of women became professional musicians, braving criticisms of impropriety and often winning recognition for their accomplishments.
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True
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Just like serious operas, comic operas were written in the local language of their original audiences.
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False
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Just before he died, Mozart composed a __________, the Mass performed for funeral or memorial services
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Requiem
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In The Marriage of Figaro one of the main characters is a nobleman who is outwitted and humiliated by his own servants.
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True
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After Bach and Handel, Protestant music declined because the music was supposed to be a functional part of the service rather than "art for art's sake."
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True
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The opera buffa introduced the ensemble __________ to bring an act or an opera to a musically and dramatically exciting close.
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Finale
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Light in mood and concerned with everyday characters and events, __________ operas developed in several countries during the eighteenth century
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Comic
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One of history's most tragic figures, __________, began his performing career as a child prodigy.
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Mozart
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The introductory orchestra piece of an opera is called the
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Overture
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Since Mozart's operas are characterized by plots that include a wide range of emotions, in his operas, Mozart abandoned the classical restraint characteristic of Viennese Classicism
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False
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