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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Objective assessment information
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Measurable data. Types of assessments- physiologic, body composition, cardiorespiratory, static and dynamic postural, performance
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Physiologic assessments
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Heart rate, blood pressure
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Average resting pulse rate
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male 70, female 75
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Training zone 1
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65-75% max, builds aerobic base & aids in recovery
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Training zone 2
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80-85% max, increases endurance & trains anaerobic threshold
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Training zone 3
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86-90% max, builds high-end work capacity
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Systolic BP reading
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Measurement of the pump of the blood to body, 120-130 normal, the contraction phase so it has higher pressure
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Diastolic bp reading
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Minimum pressure in arteries through cycle, 80-85 normal, when the ventricles are filling before the contraction pump, so the pressure is less as they're relaxed
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Sphygmomanometer
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Measures blood pressure, inflate over brachial artery to 20-30 over when pulse not felt at wrist, deflate 2mm/sec to when hear when pulse fades away
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Body composition assessments
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Body fat, circumference measurements, hip-to-waist ratio, body mass index (BMI)
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Body fat measurements
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Skin-fold, bioelectrical impedance, underwater weighing
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Durnin-Womersley formula
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4 sites to measure overall body fat %- biceps, triceps, subscapular- 45-degree 1-2 cm below inferior edge of scapula, iliac crest- 45 degree just above iliac crest medial to axillary line
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Fat mass
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Body fat % x scale weight
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Lean body mass
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Scale weight - fat mass
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Circumference measurements
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Neck Adam's apple, chest nipple line, waist narrowest below ribs & above hip bones, hips- feet together/widest buttocks, thighs- 10" above patella, calves- max, biceps- arm extended palm forward
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Waist-to-hip ratio
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Correlation between midsection fat & chronic disease; above .80 female/.95 male at risk
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BMI
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Increased obesity-related health problems if above 25, mild obesity 25-30, moderate 30-35, severe 35+
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Cardiorespiratory assessments
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3-minute step test, Rockport walk test; to estimate cardio training starting point
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3-minute step test
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Calculate HR zones, perform 3-minute test at 24 steps/min on 18" step, rest 1 minute, measure recovery pulse for 30 sec, multiply duration of exercise in sec x 100 & divide by recovery pulse x 5.6, 28-38 poor/29-48 fair = zone 1 to start aerobic work in, 49-59 average/60-70 good = zone 2, 71-100 very good = zone 3
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Rockport walk test
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Calculate HR zones, record weight, client walk 1 mi as fast as possible on treadmill, record time it takes, immediately record HR, use formula & look up heart rate zone on table
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Posture
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The alignment and function of all components of the kinetic chain at any given moment; position from which all movement begins and ends
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Structural efficiency
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The alignment of the musculoskeletal system that allows our center of gravity to be maintained over our base of support; main purpose of posture
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Functional efficiency
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The ability of the neuromuscular system to monitor and manipulate movement during tasks using the least amount of energy, creating the least amount of stress on the kinetic chain
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Postural equilibrium
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Maintaining a state of balance in the alignment of the kinetic chain
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Neuromuscular efficiency
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The ability of the nervous system to communicated effectively with the muscular system
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Functional strength
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The ability of the neuromuscular system to contract eccentrically, isometrically, and concentrically in all three planes of motion
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Postural distortion patterns
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Predictable occurrences of muscle imbalances caused by altered movement
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OSA anterior view things to check
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If feet turn out, knees move inward
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OSA feet turn out overactive muscles
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Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, biceps femoris short head
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OSA feet turn out underactive muscles
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Medial gastrocnemius, medial hamstring, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus
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OSA knees move inward overactive muscles
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Adductor complex, biceps femoris short head, TFL, vastus lateralis
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OSA knees move inward underactive muscles
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Gluteus medius/maximus, vastus medialis oblique (VMO)
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OSA lateral view things to check
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If LPHC (lumbo-pelvic-hip complex) excessive forward lean or low back arches, upper body- arms fall forward
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OSA excessive forward lean overactive muscles
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Soleus, lateral gastrocnemius, hip flexor complex, abdominal complex
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OSA excessive forward lean underactive muscles
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Anterior tibialis, gluteus maximus, erector spinae
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OSA low back arches overactive muscles
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Hip flexor complex, erector spinae
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OSA low back arches underactive muscles
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Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, intrinsic core stabilizers
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Intrinsic core stabilizers
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Transverse abdominis, multifidis, transverso-spinalis, internal oblique, pelvic floor muscles
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OSA arms fall forward overactive muscles
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Latissimus dorsi, teres major, pectoralis major/minor
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OSA arms fall forward underactive muscles
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Mid/lower trapezius, rhomboids, rotator cuff
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Single-leg squat assessment assesses & check
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Ankle proprioception, core strength, hip joint stability; check if knee moves inward
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Single-leg squat knee inward overactive muscles
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Adductor complex, biceps femoris short head, TFL, vastus lateralis
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Single-leg squat knee inward underactive muscles
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Gluteus medius/maximus, vastus medialis oblique (VMO)
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Pushing assessment to check
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If low back arches, shoulder elevates, head protrudes forward
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Pushing assessment low back arches overactive muscles
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Hip flexors, erector spinae
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Pushing assessment low back arches underactive muscles
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Intrinsic core stabilizers
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Pushing assessment shoulder elevation overactive muscles
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Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae
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Pushing assessment shoulder elevation underactive muscles
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Mid and lower trapezius
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Pushing assessment head protrudes overactive muscles
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Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae
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Pushing assessment head protrudes underactive muscles
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Deep cervical flexors
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Pulling assessment things to check for
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Low back arches, shoulder elevation, head protrudes forward- same as pushing assessment
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Performance assessments- for athletic clients
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Davies test, shark skill, upper and lower extremity strength- bench & squat
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Davies test description & tests
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Hand placement to alternating sides while in push-up position, tests upper extremity agility and stabilization
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Shark skill test description & tests
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Single leg hop in box grid, tests lower extremity agility & neuromuscular control
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Major components of a fitness assessment
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Subjective and objective information
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Subjective information
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General and medical history: occupation, lifestyle, medical & personal information
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PAR-Q Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire
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Qualifies a person for what level of activity they should engage in, who shouldn't, who needs medical eval before. Detects cardiorespiratory dysfunction such as coronary heart disease.
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General history includes
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Occupation and lifestyle assessment
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Occupation history
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Extended periods of sitting, repetitive movements, dress shoes, mental stress
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Medical history categories
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Past injuries, surgeries, chronic conditions, medications
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Dynamic postural observation
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Looking at movements, quickest way to gain impression of functional status
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Dynamic postural assessments
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Overhead squat, single-leg squat, pushing, pulling
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