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224 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acetaminophen Tylenol
|
-non-opioid analgesic
bad anti-inflammatory; safe for pregnancy -primary risk: Hepatotoxicity |
|
acetazolamide Diamox
|
-oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
-glaucoma -acts on ciliary body epithelium to decrease bicarbonate production -SE: metallic taste, tingling and in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, depression, diarrhea -bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia |
|
acetylcysteine Mucomyst
|
-mucolytic agent (breaks disulfide bonds in proteins of mucous)
-filamentary keratitis, dry eye, corneal burns |
|
acyclovir Zovirax
|
-oral antiviral
-active HZO, prophylactic HSV keratitis |
|
albuterol Ventolin
|
-beta 2 agonist (B2>B1)
-asthma |
|
alprazolam Xanax
|
-anxiolytic, binds GABA receptions, anticholinergic
-SE: mydriasis |
|
amantadine Symmetrel
|
-antioparkinsonian, potentiate dopamine in the brain
|
|
amiodarone Cordarone
|
-class 3: K+ channel blocker, anti-arrythmic
-3 ocular SE: 1) NAION 2) whorl keratopathy ( >400 mg/day) 3) anterior subcapsulary cataracts (>600mg/day after 6 months) -3 systemic SE: 1) fatal pulmonary toxicity 2) hepatic toxicity 3) thyroid dysfunction |
|
amitriptyline Elavil
|
-Tricyclic anti-depressant
-inhibits NE and Serotonin reuptake -SE: dry eye syndrome (anti-cholinergic) |
|
amoxicillin Principen
|
-cell wall synthesis blocker (transpeptidase inhibitor)
-not resistant to penicillinase |
|
amphotericin B Amphocin
|
-antifungal, binds ergosterol and forms pores
SE: nephrotoxicity |
|
apraclonidine Iopidine
|
-alpha 2 agonist with limited alpha 1
-glaucoma -acute: greatest IOP reducer but tachyphalxis and high allergic response (toxic conjunctivitis) -causes reversal of aisocornia in Horner's (no effect on normal pupil) |
|
atenolol Tenormin
|
-non- selective beta blocker
-ant-HTN, block release of renin from kidney -doesn't pass through blood-brain barrier |
|
atorvastatin Lipitor
|
- HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor (statin)
-anti-hyperlipidemia -SE: hepatotoxicity and myopathy |
|
azathioprine Imuran
|
-immunosuppressant: purine analog that stops replication
-Rhenumatoid arthritis, kidney transplant rejection |
|
azelastine Optivar
|
-topical mast cell/antihistamine combo
|
|
azithromycin Zithromax
|
-macrolide anti-biotic, works on 50S ribosomal subunit
-Oral: Chlamydia -Topical: Blepharitis |
|
benazepril Lotensin
|
- ACE inhibitor (antiotensin 2 inhibitor)
-anti-HTN -SE: Cough |
|
betaxolol Betoptic S
|
-selective B1 beta blocker
-glaucoma -neuroprotective qualitites |
|
bimatoprost Lumigan
|
-prostaglandin analog
-1st line for POAG -27-35% IOP lowering -1) acts on PGF1a receptors: break down collagen and increase uveoscleral output 2) activates phospholipase C -CI: 1) risk for CME, 2) active inflammation 3) previous episodes of herpes simplex keratitis -SE: iris heterochromia, increased pigmentation and growth, skin darkening around the eye -bedtime dosing |
|
botulinum toxin Botox
|
-cholinergic atagonist, blcoks release of Ach
|
|
brimonidine Alphagan P
|
-highly selective alpha 2 agonist
-longterm treatment of glaucoma -neuprotective -other use: miosis (reduce glare, halos and night vision symptoms for LASIK/ PRK pts) |
|
brinzolamide Azopt
|
-topical CAI
-glaucoma -acts on ciliary body epithelium to decrease bicarbonate -SE: metallic taste, tingling in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, diarrhea |
|
bromfenac Xibrom
|
-topical NSAID
-non-selective, reversibe |
|
bromocriptine Parlodel
|
-antiparkinsonian
-dopamine agonist used for prolactin secreting pituitary adenomas |
|
brompheniramine Dimetane
|
-1st generation antihistamine
-CNS effect |
|
captopril Capoten
|
-ACE inhibitor
-anti-HTN -SE: Cough |
|
ceftriaxone Rocephin
|
-3rd generation cephalosporine
-TOC for gonorrhea SE: hypersensitivity, alters vitamin K absorption |
|
celecoxib Celebrex
|
-oral NSAID, selective for COX-2 pathway
-helps protect gastric mucosa -SJS Black box warning: increase risk of CVA and GI problems |
|
cephalexin Keflex
|
-1st generation cephalosporin
-skin infections around the eye SE: hypersensitivity, alters vitamin K absorption |
|
cetirizine Zyrtec
|
-2nd generation oral antihistamine (H1)
-limited CNS access -SE: abnomral EOM contractions, oculogyris crisis |
|
chloramphenicol Chloromycetin
or Chloroptic |
-antiobiotic, 50S ribosomal subunit
-SE: fatal aplastic anemia, optic neuritis |
|
chloroquine Aralen
|
-antiparasitic, causes heme build up
-malaria SE: bulls' eye maculopathy/ RPE mottling Risk factors: 1. >3mg/kg 2. >5 years 3. abnormal renal function |
|
chlorothiazide Diuril
|
-diuretic, inhibits NaCl reabsorption
-anti-HTN -Ca sparing -works on early DCT SE: acute transient myopia, acute angle closure D |
|
chlorpheniramine Chlor-Trimeton
|
-1st generation (H1) antihistamine
-penetrate CNS -SE: mydriasis, dry eye |
|
chlorpromazine Thorazine
|
-antipsycotic, D2 receptor antagonist
-3 pigment issues: 1) pigment on corneal endothelium 2) anterior stellate cataract 3) hyperpigmenation of RPE -3 anticholinergic effects: 1) dry eye 2) mydriasis 3) increased IOP +Ocular gyrate crisis |
|
chlorpropamide Diabinese
|
-sulfonylurea,increase insulin section from beta cells
-DM 2 |
|
cholestyramine Questran
|
-bile acid binding resin (prevents their reabsorption)
-anti-hyperlipidemia SE: constipation & fatty stools |
|
cimetidine Tagamet
|
-H2 receptor blocker, decreases acid secretion from parietal cells
|
|
ciprofloxacin Ciloxan or Cipro
|
- 2nd generation fluroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyase and topoisomerase IV
-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye |
|
clarithromycin Biaxin
|
-macrolide, works on 50S ribosomal subunit
-oral for URI and LRI (lower respiratory infections) |
|
clindamycin Cleocin
|
-Macrolide, works at 50S ribosomal subunit
MRSA |
|
clonidine Catapres
|
-alpha 2 agonist (inhibitor receptor), decreases sympathetic outflow
-decreases vascular resistance in HTN *acute lowering of HR |
|
cromolyn sodium Crolom
|
-topical mast cell stabilizer
-not effective for acute allergy symptoms |
|
cyclobenzaprine Flexeril
|
-skeletal muscle relaxant, decreases spinal polysynaptic reflexes
|
|
cyclopentolate Cyclogyl
|
-topical cholinergic antagonist
-standard cycloplegic agent -fastest onset and shortest duration of cycloplegic effects (45 minutes) |
|
cyclosporine Neoral or
Sandimmune |
inhibits release and production of IL-2 --> decrease T cells
SE: opportunistic infx |
|
dexamethasone Maxidex
|
-potent topical steroid
-combo with tobramycin in tobradex |
|
dextroamphetamine Dexedrine
|
-CNS stimulant, increases dopamine release
-ADHD/ ADD -SE: chronic use --> mydriasis and dry eye -mydriasis can cause angle closure |
|
diazepam Valium
|
-anxiolytic, binds GABA receptors
-SE: mydriasis (anticholinergic) |
|
diclofenac sodium Voltaren
|
-Topical NSAID, non-selective and reversible
SE: increase IOP |
|
dicloxacillin Dynapen
|
-penicillinase resistant penicillin
-DOC for MSSA |
|
digoxin Lanoxin
|
-inhibits Na/K ATPase
-Congestive heart failure -SE: 1) retrobulbar optic neuritis 2) B/Y color defects 3) entopic phenomenon |
|
diltiazem Cardizem
|
-Ca Channel blocker
-anti-HTN -low-tension glaucoma: may increase profusion to optic nerve |
|
diphenhydramine Benadryl
|
-1st generation antihistamine (H1)
-penetrates CNS -SE: mydrasis, dry eye |
|
dipyridamole Persantine
|
inhibits adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase -> accumulation of cAMP and adenosine -> inhibit platelet aggregation
SE: bleeding risk |
|
donepezil Aricept
|
-AChase inhibitor, CNS acting
-Dementia/ Alzheimer's -modestly reduces IOP |
|
dorzolamide Trusopt
|
-topical CAI, acts on cilliary body epithelium to decrease bicarbonate
-SE: metallic taste, tingling in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, depression, diarrhea |
|
echothiophate Phospholine
|
-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhbitor)
-MG diagnosis/ treatment -irreversible effect |
|
edrophonium Enlon
|
-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhbitor)
-MG diagnosis (primary way) -Tensilon test |
|
emedastine Emadine
|
-topical H1 antihistamine
-allergic conjunctivitis |
|
enalapril Vasotec
|
-ACE inhibitor
-Anti-HTN -SE: Cough |
|
epinastine Elestat
|
-topical mast-cell stabilizer/anti-histamine combo
|
|
esomeprazole Nexium
|
-oral PPI
-1st line for PUD/ GERD |
|
ethambutol Myambutol
|
-TB drug (antimicrobial)
-SE: optic neuritis |
|
famciclovir Famvir
|
-antiviral, inhibits DNA polymerase
-HSV 1/2 and VZV |
|
famotidine Pepcid
|
-H2 receptor blocker, decreases gastric acid production
|
|
fexofenadine Allegra
|
-2nd generation (H1) antihistamine
-limited CNS access |
|
fluconazole Diflucan
|
-antifungal, inhibits ergosterol synthesis
|
|
fluorometholone FML
|
-soft topical steroid
-SE: increased risk of secondary infection, PSC cataract, glaucoma |
|
fluoxetine Prozac
|
-SSRI
-anti-depressant |
|
flurbiprofen Ocufen
|
-topical NSAID, non-selective, reversible
|
|
fluticasone Flonase or
Flovent |
-steroid in advair
(B2 2 agonist) |
|
foscarnet Foscavir
|
DNA polymerase inhibitor
-2nd line CMV (when Ganciclovir fails) - "safety net" |
|
furosemide Lasix
|
-diuretic, acts on Na2/Cl/K Co-transport
-acts on thick ascending LOH |
|
ganciclovir Cytovene
|
-1st line antiviral for HSV keratitis/CMV retinitis
-maintenance, low dosage, BAK -SE: bone marrow suppresion |
|
gatifloxacin Zymar
|
-4th generation fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
-main drug for anything bacterial in the ey |
|
gentamicin Garamycin
|
-blocker of protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit
-SE: SPK and delayed re-epithelialization |
|
glipizide Glucotrol
|
-sulfonylurea, increases section of insulin from beta cells
-DM2 |
|
glyburide Diabeta or
Micronase |
-sulfonylurea, increases section of insulin from beta cells
-DM2 |
|
glycerin Osmoglyn
|
-creates hyperosmotic gradient in ciliary stroma plasma, lowers IOP
-acute angle closures -SE: vomitting -CI: Diabetes, it increases blood sugar levels |
|
griseofulvin Grifulvin V
|
-anti-fungal, inhibits microtubules formation
|
|
hydralazine Apresoline
|
-vasodilator, works on cGMP
-anti-HTN SE: tachycardia, fluid retention, and lupus-like syndrome |
|
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrodiuril
|
-diuretic, inhibits NaCl reabsortion
-anti-HTN -Ca sparing -works on early DCT SE: acute transient myopia, acute angle closure |
|
hydroxychloroquine Plaquenil
|
-inhibits phospholipase A2
-Lupus, RhA, malaria -SE: bull's eye maculopathy -Risk factors: 1) >6.5mg/Kg 2) >5 years 3) abnormal renal function |
|
ibuprofen Motrin or
Advil |
-NSAID, non-selective, reversible
-NSAIDs dont' cause Reye's syndrome (asprin) |
|
imipramine Tofranil
|
TCA, anti-depressent
- inhibits NE and serotonin reuptake -anticholinergic effects T |
|
indomethacin Indocin
|
-NSAID, non-selective
-SE: 1) Whorl Keratopathy 2) Retinal Hemorrhages 3) Pigmentary changes (macula) |
|
isoniazid Nydrazid
|
TB drug (latent)
SE: pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency, optic atrophy |
|
isoproterenol Isuprel
|
-nonspecific beta 2 agonist
-asthma bronchodilator/arrhythmias |
|
isotretinoin Accutane
|
for Acne
-many side effects! 1) SPK 2) Blepharoconjuctivitis, dryness, lid edema, psuedotumor cerebri 3) decrease tear secretion 4) color vision loss 5) nyctalopia |
|
ketoconazole Nizoral
|
-antifungal, inhibits ergosterol synthesis
|
|
ketorolac Acular or
Toradol |
-topical NSAID
-allergies SE: corneal melt |
|
ketotifen Zaditor
|
-topical mast cell/antihistamine combo
|
|
labetalol Trandate
|
-non selective beta 1/2 antagonist
-anti-HTN |
|
latanoprost Xalatan
|
-prostaglandin analog,
1st line for POAG -lowers 27-35% -acts on: 1)PGF1a receptors on ciliary muscle 2) activates phospholipase C -CI: 1) risk for CME 2) active inflammation 3) previous episodes of herpes simplex keratitis SE: 1) iris heterochromia 2) increased pigmentation and growth 3) skin darkening around the eyes -bedtime dosing |
|
levalbuterol Xopenex
|
-Beta 2>beta 1 agonist
-asthma |
|
levobunolol Betagan
|
-non-selective beta blocker
glaucoma -similar to timolol |
|
levofloxacin Quixin
|
-3rd generation fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye |
|
levothyroxine Synthroid
|
-acts like T4
-hypothryoid -SE: 1) hyperthryoidism 2) pseudotumor cerebri in kids |
|
lidocaine Xylocaine
|
analgesic for lid procedures
metabolized by liver |
|
lindane Kwell
|
-tx for lice and scabies
-toxic to the eye -> conjunctivitis |
|
lisinopril Prinivil or
Zestril |
-ACE inhibitor
-anti-HTN -SE: Cough |
|
lodoxamide Alomide
|
-topical mast-cell stabilizer
-not effective in acute allergy symptoms |
|
loratadine Claritin
|
-2nd generation (H1) antihistamine
-limited CNS access |
|
losartan Cozaar
|
-ARBs (angiotension2 receptor antagonists)
-No cough!! |
|
loteprednol Alrex or
Lotemax |
-soft topical steroid
-only ester-based steroid -> less SEs -SE: corneal melt |
|
lovastatin Mevacor
|
-HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
-anti-hyperlipidemia -SE: hepatotoxicity and myopathy |
|
mannitol Osmitrol
|
-osmotic diuretic, increases plasma osmolarity pulling fluid out
-anti-HTN contra in pulmonary edema, dehydration, and CHF |
|
meperidine Demerol
|
-opioid analgesic, acts on Mu, Kappa, Delta
-SE: miosis, can cause papillodema |
|
metaproterenol Alupent
|
-Beta 2 agonist, bronchodilator
-Asthma no longer used due to excessive cardio effects from B1 stimulation |
|
metformin Glucophage
|
-biguanides, decrease liver glucose productions (decreases gluconeogenesis)
DM 2 -1st line for most type 2 -SE: lactic acidosis -CI: renal insufficiency |
|
methazolamide Neptazane
|
-oral CAI, works on cilliary body epithelium to decrease bicarbonate
glaucoma -SE: metallic taste, tingling in hands and feet, metabolic acidosis, depression, diarrhea -bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia |
|
methotrexate Rheumatrex
|
-immunosuppresant/anti-metabolites, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (inhibit DNA synthesis)
-RhA, Psoriasis, leukemia, lymphoma -SE: hepatoxicity & myelosuppresion |
|
methylphenidate Ritalin
|
-CNS stimulant, increases dopamine release
ADHD, ADD -SE: mydriasis, dry eye -mydriasis can cause angle closure |
|
metipranolol OptiPranolol
|
- non-selective beta blocker
-glaucoma -Not as effective as Timolol |
|
metoprolol Lopressor
|
-selective beta 1 blocker
|
|
metronidazole MetroGel or
MetroCream |
-antimicrobial, disrupts DNA and nucleic acid synthesis
-chronic acne rosaea |
|
miconazole Monistat-Derm
|
-antifungal, inhbits ergosterol synthesis
|
|
misoprostol Cytotec
|
-synthetic prostaglandin
-prevention or treatment of NSAID induced ulcer |
|
montelukast Singulair
|
-leukotriene antagonist
-asthma |
|
moxifloxacin Vigamox or
Avelox |
-4th generation fluorquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye |
|
naloxone Narcan
|
-opioid antagonist
-reverse opioid overdose -pupil mydraisis and pain comes back |
|
naphazoline Naphcon
|
-adrenergic agonist, , alpha> beta
-in visine -SE: dilation with overuse |
|
naproxen Aleve
|
-NSAID, reversible and non-specific
-Does not cause Reye's syndrome (Asprin) |
|
natamycin Natacyn
|
-antifungal, binds to ergosterol and makes pores
-DOC for fungal keratitis -only FDA approve topical anti-fungal |
|
nedocromil Tilade
|
-topical mast cell stabilizer
-not effective for acute allergy symptoms |
|
neostigmine Prostigmin
|
-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhibitor)
treatment and diagnosis of MG |
|
nifedipine Procardia
|
-Ca channel blocker,
-Anti-HTN -may be useful for low tension glaucoma: increasing profusion to the optic nerve |
|
nystatin Mycostatin
|
-antifungal, binds to ergosterol and creates pores
|
|
ofloxacin Ocuflox
|
-2nd generation fluoroquinolone, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
-main drug for anything bacterial in the eye |
|
olopatadine Patanol
|
-topical mast-cell/antihistamine combo
|
|
omeprazole Prilosec
|
-PPI
1st line for PUD/GERD |
|
oseltamivir Tamiflu
|
-inhibits neuraminidase
-vaccine for the flu |
|
oxycodone Roxicodone
|
-opioid analgesic, works on mu, kappa, delta receptors
-SE: miosis |
|
pegaptanib Macugen
|
-anti-VEGF
-exedative ARMD |
|
penicillamine Cuprimine
|
immunosuppression to treat rheumatoid arthritis/chelate Wilson's dz
SE: bone marrow suppression |
|
phenelzine Nardil
|
-MOI, blocks breakdown for NE and Serotonin
-anti-depressant -SE: 1) with tyramine (in food/drinks) --> lethal hypertensive crisis 2) with SSRI -> serotonin syndrome many others |
|
phenobarbital Luminal
|
-anticonvulsant, works on AMPA
|
|
phenylephrine Neo-Synephrine
|
-topical adrenergic agonist, works on dilator (alpha 1)
-45 -60 min max effect |
|
phenytoin Dilantin
|
-anticonvulsant
-SE: nystagmus, diplopia |
|
pioglitazone Actos
|
-thiazolidinedione, increases glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissue, PARA/Gamma
DM 2 -New or worsens macular edema |
|
piroxicam Feldene
|
reversible Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibitor
SE: risk of bleeding Black box warning: fatal MI and stroke |
|
pralidoxime Protopam
|
used in combination with atropine to reverse paresis of respiratory muscles from buildup of ACh
|
|
prazosin Minipress
|
-alpha 1 selective receptor antagonist,
benign prostatic hypertrophy |
|
promethazine Phenergan
|
-1st generation (H1) antihistamine
-CNS penetrating -SE: Mydrasis, dry eye |
|
proparacaine Ophthaine
|
-ester, topical anesthetic
-SE: corneal melt |
|
propranolol Inderal
|
-non-selective Beta antagonist
-anti-HTN |
|
pseudoephedrine Sudafed
|
nonspecific alpha and beta adrenergic agonist
SE: adrenergic effects |
|
pyridostigmine Mestinon
|
-indirect cholinergic agonist (AchE inhibitor)
-1st line for treatment of MG |
|
pyrimethamine Daraprim
|
-anti-parasitic (toxo), inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
-SE: can induce myopia, SJS |
|
ranibizumab Lucentis
|
-monoclonal antibody,
-exudative ARMD |
|
ranitidine Zantac
|
-H2 receptor blocker, decreases gastric acid secretion
|
|
ribavirin Copegus or
Rebetol |
-inhibits RNA polymerase, antiviral for Hepatitis C, RSV
-SE: inhaled can cause conjunctivitis |
|
rifampin Rifadin
|
TB drug
prevents mRNA synthesis - SE: pink discoloration to urine and tears |
|
rimexolone Vexol
|
-potent topical steroid
-SE: increase risk of infection, PSC cataract, glaucoma |
|
salmeterol Serevent
|
-inhaled long acting b2 agonist,
asthma |
|
sildenafil Viagra
|
-vasodilator for ER
-SE: subconjunctival hemhorrages, conjunctival hyperemia NAION |
|
simvastatin Zocor
|
-HMG CoA Reducatase inhibitor
-anti-hyperlipidemia -SE: hepatoxicity, myopathy |
|
sodium chloride Muro-128
|
-hyperosmotic for corneal edema
|
|
sucralfate Carafate
|
-gastric lining protector ("BCL for stomach")
tx for peptic ulcer dz (PUD) |
|
sulfacetamide Sulamyd
|
-antibiotic, inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
|
|
sulfadiazine Microsulfan
|
-anti-parasitic, inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
-tx: toxoplasmosis w/ pyrimethamine |
|
sulfamethoxazole Gantanol
|
-antibiotic, inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
|
|
sulfisoxazole Gantrisin
|
used in combo with erythromycin to tx acute otitis media
|
|
sumatriptan Imitrex
|
migraine therapy -> serotonin 1B and 1D receptor agonist
-vasoconstriction and reduces inflammation in CNS (can result in NAION) |
|
tamoxifen Nolvadex
|
-competitive partial agonist inhibitor of estradiol
-SE: crystalline retinopathy, whorl keratopathy -Increased risk: 1) >6.5 mg/kg/day 2) > 5 years |
|
tamsulosin Flomax
|
-alpha 1 receptors antagonist
-Anti-HTN, Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy SE: intaoperative floppy iris syndrome |
|
terazosin Hytrin
|
-alpha 1 adrenergic antagonist
-Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy |
|
terbutaline Brethine
|
-beta 2 agonist
asthma |
|
tetrahydrozoline Visine
|
-alpha agonist, vasoconstriction
|
|
theophylline Theo-Dur
|
-inhibits phosphodiesterase
-COPD -narrow therapeutic index contra w/ BBs |
|
thioridazine Mellaril
|
-antipsycotic, D2 receptor antagonist
-3 pigment issues: 1) pigment on the corneal endothelium 2) anterior stellate cataract 3) hyperpigmentation of RPE -3 anticholinergic effects: 1) dry eye 2) mydriasis 3) increased IOP +Ocular gyrate crisis |
|
timolol Timoptic
|
-non-selective beta blocker
glaucoma, once daily in morning -25% reduction in IOP -CI: diabetes, hyperthyroidism --> mask the effects -long term drift and short-term escape |
|
tobramycin Tobrex
|
-aminoglycoside, blocks protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit
|
|
tramadol Ultram
|
Agonist at Mu opiate receptor
|
|
travoprost Travatan
|
-prostaglandin analog,
1st line for POAG -lowers 27-35% -acts on: 1)PGF1a receptors on ciliary muscle 2) activates phospholipase C -CI: 1) risk for CME 2) active inflammation 3) previous episodes of herpes simplex keratitis SE: 1) iris heterochromia 2) increased pigmentation and growth 3) skin darkening around the eyes -bedtime dosing |
|
triamcinolone Aristocort or
Kenalog |
-inj steroid
-tx: CSME, Graves, posterior uveitis, chalazion, CME -SE: endopthalmitis with intravitreal injections ~depigmentation in dark-skinned individuals |
|
triamterene Dyrenium
|
-K+ sparing diuretic
anti-HTN -directly blocks epithelial sodium channels -does not have anti-androgen effects -acts on late DCT and collecting duct |
|
trifluridine Viroptic
|
-antiviral, inhibits DNA polymerase
- toxic, high dosing, Thimerosal |
|
trimethoprim Primsol
|
-antibiotic, inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
-not effective against pseudomonas -SE: can induce myopia, SJS |
|
tropicamide Mydriacyl
|
-cholinergic antagonist, mydriasis
-fastest onset and shortest duration of mydriatic, 20-35 minutes max onset -very safe overall |
|
valacyclovir Valtrex
|
-prodrug of acyclovir, inhbits DNA polymerase
HSV 1/2, VZV |
|
vardenafil Levitra
|
-vasodilator for ER
-competitor of Viagra |
|
verapamil Calan or Isoptin
|
-Ca channel blocker
Anti-HTN |
|
warfarin Coumadin
|
-vitamin k antagonist, interferes with clotting factor 2, 4, 9 and 10
chonic anticoagulation -should be discontinued 4-5 days before cataract surgery |
|
zafirlukast Accolate
|
-leukotriene antagonist
asthma |
|
zidovudine Retrovir
|
-anti HIV drug, inhibitor of viral reverse transcriptase
|
|
TOXICITY
Whorl Keratopathy |
CHAI- T
Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Amiodarone Indomethacin Tamoxifen |
|
TOXICITY
SPK |
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
BAK Topical aminoglycosides |
|
TOXICITY
Endothelial/Descemet's pigmentation |
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine |
|
TOXICITY
Delayed healing |
Corticosteroids
|
|
TOXICITY
Anterior Subcapsulary effects |
Chlorpromazine
Amiodarone Miotic |
|
TOXICITY
Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts |
Corticosteroids
|
|
TOXICITY
increased growth and pigmentation on conj and lids |
prostaglandin analogs
|
|
TOXICITY
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage |
NSAIDs
Sildenafil (Viagra)- also Conj hyperemia |
|
TOXICITY
decreased tear secretion |
anticholinergics: atrophine, scopamine
antihistamines: 1st generation H1 blockers Isotretinoin (Accutane) B-Blockers: esp timolol, atenolol, propranolol Phenothiazines (anti-psychotics): chlorpromazine, thioridazine Hormone therapies CNS Stimulants: methylphenidate, dexroamphetamine Diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide |
|
TOXICITY
Mydriasis |
anticholinergics: atrophine, scopolamine
antihistamines: 1st generation H1 blockers Phenothiazines (anti-psychotics): chlorpromazine, thioridazine CNS Stimulants: methylphenidate, dexroamphetamine CNS depressants: phenobarbital, diazepam |
|
TOXICITY
miosis |
Opiates
Anticholinesterases: Negostigmine, other MG drugs |
|
TOXICITY
nystagmus |
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Phenobarbitol (Luminal) ASA (NSAIDs) |
|
TOXICITY
Diplopia |
Antidepressants
Anxiolytics |
|
TOXICITY
Oculogyris Crisis |
Phenothiazine
Cetirizine |
|
TOXICITY
Floppy Iris |
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
|
|
TOXICITY
Uveitis |
Cidofovir (Vistide)
Mycobutin (Ribabutin) Sulfonamides |
|
TOXICITY
Blue Sclera |
Corticosteroids
Minocycline |
|
TOXICITY
optic neuritis |
Digoxin- retrobulbar
Ethambutol- retrobulbar Chloramphenicol Sulfonmides Isoniazid -rare oral contraceptives- rare |
|
TOXICITY
NAION |
Sildenafil (Viagra)
Sumatriptan (Imitrex) Amiodarone (Corarone) |
|
TOXICITY
B/Y color defects Entopic phenomenon |
Digoxin
|
|
TOXICITY
Bull's Eye Maculopathy |
Chlorquine
Hydroxycholorquine (less than Chloroquine) --Thioridazine --> looks like Bull's eye maculopathy |
|
TOXICITY
white/yellow crystalline deposits with or without macular edema |
Tamoxifen
|
|
TOXICITY
Retinal Hemorrage |
Indomethacin
NSAIDs |
|
TOXICITY
Increase IOP |
atrophine and scopolamine
Antihistamines: 1st generation H1 antihistamines Tricyclic antidepressants Phenothiazines (antipsychotics): Chlorpromazine, thioridazine Corticosteroids |
|
allopurinol Zyloprim
|
tx: gout
SE: SJS |
|
zafirlukast Accolate
|
leukotriene receptor antatonist -> allergic rhinitis, asthma, and bronchoconstriction
|
|
bepostatine Bepreve
|
-ophthalmic MCS/anti-histaminic combo
-long-term mx of ocular itching and allergic conj. and acute relief of symptoms |
|
besifloxacin Besivance
|
novel FQ
formulated just for ophthalmic use |
|
carteolol Ocupress
|
non-selective beta-blocker
-not as effective as other BB in glc -intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) -modest reduction in hypercholesterolemia - less SEs than other BBs |
|
difluprednate Durezol
|
very potent steroid emulsion/gel
-guaranteed to increased IOP |
|
gemfibrozil Lopid
|
binds to PPAR receptor to increase breakdown of VLDL
-add-on cholesterol med SE: GI disturbances, skin rash, urticaria, myositis |
|
hydrocortisone Cortef
|
steroid cream
tx: poison ivy, skin rash |
|
ipratropium Atrovent
|
muscarinic antagonist: blocks receptors in bronchial smooth muscle -> inhibiting bronchoconstriction
"pro-adrenergic" |
|
spironolactone Aldactone
|
blocks aldosterone in late DCT/collecting duct
"spares K+" |
|
pemirolast Alamast
|
MCS
prevents Ca influx and future degranulation tx: chronic allergic conj, VKC, AKC |
|
nepafenac Nevanac
|
topical NSAID prodrug
SE: elevated IOP |