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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Albumin
normal levels |
3.5 - 5.0 mg/dl
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Albumin
Increased serum values? |
Decreased: cystic fibrosis, chronic glomerulonephritis, alcoholic cirrhosis, Hodkin's disease, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome, multiple myeloma, inflammatory bowel disease, leukemia, collagen-vascular diseases
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Aldosterone
Increased in which pathologies |
Increased: hyperaldosterism (primary or secondary).
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Aldosterone
Decreased in which pathologies |
Decreased: adrenal insufficiency, panhypopituitarism.
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Amylase
Increased in which pathologies |
Increased: acute pancreatitis, pancreatic duct obstruction, alcohol ingestion, mumps, parotitidis, renal disease, cholecystitis, peptic ulcers, intestinal obstruction, mesenteric thrombosis, postop abdominal surgery
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Amylase
Decreased in which pathologies |
Decreased: Liver damage, pancreatic destruction (pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis)
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Bilirubin
Normal Serum values |
Total: 0.2 - 1.2 mg/dl
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Bilirubin
Increased in which pathologies |
Increased total: hepatic damage (hepatitis, toxins, cirrhosis), biliary obstruction, hemolysis, fasting.
Increased direct (conjugated): biliary obstruction / cholestasis, drug induced cholestasis. |
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BUN
Normal Serum values |
7-20 mg/dl
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BUN
Increased in which pathologies |
Increased: renal failure, pre-renal azotemia, shock, volume depletion, postrenal (obstruction), GI bleeding, stress, drugs (aminoglycosides, vanco etc).
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BUN
decreased serum values |
Decreased: starvation, liver failure, pregnancy, infancy, nephrotic syndrome, overhydration.
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Calcium serum values
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8.8 - 10.3 mg/dl
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Calcium
Increased serum values |
Increased: primary hyperthyroidism, parathyroid hormone secreting tumors, vitamin D excess, metastatic bone tumors, chronic renal failure, milk-alkali syndrome, osteoporosis, thiazide drugs, pagets disease, multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis.
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Calcium
Decreased serum values |
Decreased: hypoparathyroidism, insufficient vitamin D, hypomagnesemia, renal tubular acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, chronic renal failure (phosphate retention), acute pancreatitis
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CO2 ABG value
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35-45 mm HG
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CO2
Increased ABG value |
Increased: respiratory acidosis, compensation for metabolic acidosis, severe vomiting, primary aldosteronism, volume contraction, emphysema
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CO2
Decreased ABG value |
Decreased: Respiratory alkalosis, starvation, DKA, lactic acidosis, alcoholic ketoacidosis, severe diarrhea, renal failure, drugs (salicylates etc), dehydration.
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Chloride Normal Serum values
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95-107 meq/l
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Chloride
Increased serum values |
Increased: diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, mineralocorticoid deficiency, hyperalimentation, medications (acetazolamide, ammonium chloride).
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Chloride
Decreased serum values |
Decreased: mineralocorticoid excess, vomiting, diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis
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Creatinine Normal Serum values
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0.5 - 1.4 mg/dl
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Creatinine
Increased serum values |
Increased: renal failure including prerenal, drug-induced (aminoglycosides, vancomycin, others), acromegaly.
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Creatinine
Decreased serum values |
Decreased: loss of muscle mass, pregnancy.
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Magnesium Normal Serum values
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1.6 - 2.6 mg/dl
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Magnesium
Increased serum values |
Increased: renal failure, hypothyroidism, severe dehydration, lithium intoxication, antacids, Addison's disease.
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Magnesium
Decreased Serum values |
Decreased: hyperthyroidism, aldosteronism, diuretics, malabsorption, hyperalimentation, nasogastric suctioning, chronic dialysis, renal tubular acidosis, drugs (aminoglycosides, cisplatin, ampho B)
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Phosphorus Normal Serum values
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2.5 - 4.5 mg/dl
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Phosphorus
Increased serum values |
Increased: hypoparathyroidism, excess vitamin D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, renal failure, bone disease, addisons disease.
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Phosphorus
Decreased Serum values |
Decreased: hyperparathyroidism, alcoholism, diabetes, hyperalimentation, acidosis, hypomagnesemia, diuretics, vitamin D deficiency, phosphate-binding antacids.
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