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465 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Norepinephrine (levophed)
|
vasoconstrictor,increase BP and CO
tx shock, cardiac arrest |
-reflex bradycardia
-monitor urinary output -infuse with dextrose not saline -monitor BP |
|
Dopamine (Intropin)
|
high dose- vasoconstrictor
low dose- dilates renal and coranary arteries |
headache early s/s of excess
|
|
Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
|
stimulates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors
|
check dose!!!
|
|
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
|
used for heart block, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradycardia
-bronchodilator, used for bronchospasms. |
Don't give at hs-interrupts sleep patterns
|
|
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
|
potent alpha 1 agonist
tx hypotension |
s/e hypertension
|
|
Dobutamine hydrochloride (Dobutrex)
|
stimulates beta 1 receptors
|
s/e hypertension
Don't infuse with other meds not good w/ alkaline solutions |
|
Milrinone (Primacor)
|
positive inotropic agent
relaxes smooth muscle tx severe HF |
|
|
Sodium nitroprusside (Nitropress)
|
dilates cardiac veins and arteries
decreases preload and afterload increases myocardial perfussion |
|
|
Diphenhydramine HCI (Benadryl)
|
blocks effects of histamine on brochioles, GI, and blood vessels
|
s/e photosensitivity
|
|
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
|
antianxiety
|
|
|
Diazepam (Valium)
|
antianxiety
benzodiazepine |
|
|
Alprazolam (Xanax)
|
antianxiety
benzodiazepine |
CNS depressant
short onset and duration safer for elderly don't DC abrubtly |
|
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
|
antianxiety
benzodiazepine |
CNS depressant
short onset and duration safer for elderly don't DC abrubtly |
|
Lorazepam (Ativan)
|
antianxiety
benzodiazepine |
CNS depressant
short onset and duration safer for elderly don't DC abrubtly |
|
Oxazepam (Serax)
|
antianxiety
benzodiazepine |
CNS depressant
short onset and duration safer for elderly don't DC abrubtly |
|
Midazalam (Versed)
|
antianxiety
benzodiazepine |
CNS drepressant
used for conscious sedation |
|
Buspirone (BuSpar)
|
antianxiety
non- benzodiazepine |
no abuse potential
|
|
Hydroxyzline (Vistaril) (Atarax)
|
antianxiety
non- benzodiazepine |
can be used long periods of time
produces no dependence |
|
Kava
|
herbal antianxiety
|
not for pregnant woman
|
|
Melatonin
|
herbal antianxiety
|
influences sleep-wake cycles
|
|
priorty for all antianxiety meds
|
watch out for liver disfunction
|
|
|
aluminum hydroxide gel (amphojel)
|
antacid
|
contains sodium, check if pt is on sodium restriction
monitor for phosphate decrease: (fatigue, weakness, tremors, bone pain) encourage fluids renal precaution |
|
Cacium carbonate (Titralac)
|
antacid
|
contains sodium, check if pt is on sodium restriction
monitor for phosphate decrease: (fatigue, weakness, tremors, bone pain) encourage fluids renal precaution |
|
Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate
|
antacid
|
contains sodium, check if pt is on sodium restriction
monitor for phosphate decrease: (fatigue, weakness, tremors, bone pain) encourage fluids renal precaution |
|
Magnesium hyroxide (milk of magnesia)
|
antacid, saline agent. draws water from plasma to intestines
|
caution with Renal diseases
|
|
Aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox)
|
antacid, with slight laxative effect
|
caution with Renal diseases
encourage fluids |
|
General info for antacids
|
s/e: acid rebound btwn doses
constipation, diarrhea metabolic acidosis |
contains sodium!!
absorption of tetracyclines, quinolones, iron, phenothiazides reduce with antacids Oral contraceptive and salicylates effectiveness decreases with antacid |
|
gentamycin (Garamycin)
|
Antibiotics: aminoglycosides
tx gram negative: inhibits protein synthesis |
Nephrotoxic- check BUN, cre
Ototoxic-check 8th cranial nerve Check peak (2hr after med given) and trough (prior to med) |
|
Neomycin (Neobiotic)
|
Antibiotics: aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxic Ototoxic |
Opthalmic= remove infective excudate around eyes prior to administration.
|
|
Streptomycin
|
Antibiotics: aminoglycosides
|
Nephrotoxic- check BUN, cre
Ototoxic-check 8th cranial nerve Check peak (2hr after med given) and trough (prior to med) |
|
Tobramycin (Tobrax)
|
Antibiotics: aminoglycosides
|
Nephrotoxic- check BUN, cre
Ototoxic-check 8th cranial nerve Check peak (2hr after med given) and trough (prior to med) |
|
Amikacin (Amikin)
|
antibiotic: aminoglycoside
|
Nephrotoxic- check BUN, cre
Ototoxic-check 8th cranial nerve Check peak (2hr after med given) and trough (prior to med) |
|
cephalexin (Keflex)
|
antibiotic: cephalosporins 1st gen
|
inhibits cell wall: bacterial
increases risk for bleeding! (have vit K around) cross allergy with pencillins cause false positive Coombs test |
|
cefaclor (Ceclor)
|
antibiotic: cephalosporins 2nd gen
|
inhibits cell wall: bacterial
increases risk for bleeding! (have vit K around) cross allergy with pencillins cause false positive Coombs test |
|
ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
|
antibiotic: cephalosporins 3rd gen
|
inhibits cell wall: bacterial
increases risk for bleeding! (have vit K around) cross allergy with pencillins cause false positive Coombs test |
|
cefepime (Maxipime)
|
antibiotic: cephalosporins 4th gen
|
inhibits cell wall: bacterial
increases risk for bleeding! (have vit K around) cross allergy with pencillins cause false positive Coombs test |
|
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
|
Antibiotic: fluorquinolones
|
interfers w/DNA of gram negative
do not give children under 18 avoid caffeine watch renal and liver do not give with antacid or irons |
|
Levofloxacin (Levequin)
|
Antibiotic: fluorquinolones
|
interfers w/DNA of gram negative
do not give children under 18 avoid caffeine watch renal and liver do not give with antacid or irons |
|
Norfloxacin (Noroxin)
|
Antibiotic: fluorquinolones
|
interfers w/DNA of gram negative
do not give children under 18 avoid caffeine watch renal and liver do not give with antacid or irons |
|
Vancomycin
|
antibiotic: glycopeptide
cell wall |
liver damage
nephrotoxic ototoxic can cause "red man syndrome"= give antihistamine suprainfection: may cause sore throat, fever, etc |
|
clindamycin HCI phosphate (Cleocin)
|
antibiotic: lycosamides
|
liver toxic
given for strep, staph can cause colitis give with full glass of water to prevent esophageal ulcers |
|
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride (Thorazine)
|
antipyschotic- traditional, low potency with high sedative effect, no potential for abuse.
|
s/e: sun sensivity
hypotension. |
|
Erythromycin (erythrocin)
|
Macrolide antibiotic
bacterostatic |
hepatotoxic
renal problems too take one hour before or 2-3 hours after meals with full glass of water |
|
Azethromycin (Zithromax)
|
Macrolide antibiotic
bacterostatic |
hepatotoxic
renal issues too take one hour before or 2-3 hours after meals with full glass of water |
|
Amoxicillin (amoxil)
|
antibiotic: penicillins
for gram positive bacteria |
good mouth care/ Watch for change in tongue!
c/s prior to tx/ first dose take one hour before or 2-3 hours after meals check for hypersensitivity renal and hepatic s/e yogurt if diarrhea develops: watch for loose foul smelling stool |
|
Ampicillin (Omnipen)
|
antibiotic: penicillins
for gram positive bacteria |
good mouth care/ Watch for change in tongue!
c/s prior to tx/ first dose take one hour before or 2-3 hours after meals check for hypersensitivity renal and hepatic s/e |
|
Methicillin
|
antibiotic: penicillins
for gram positive bacteria |
good mouth care/ Watch for change in tongue!
c/s prior to tx/ first dose take one hour before or 2-3 hours after meals check for hypersensitivity renal and hepatic s/e |
|
Nafcillin (Unipen)
|
antibiotic: penicillins
for gram positive bacteria |
good mouth care/ Watch for change in tongue!
c/s prior to tx/ first dose take one hour before or 2-3 hours after meals check for hypersensitivity renal and hepatic s/e |
|
Augmentin
|
antibiotic: penicillins
for gram positive bacteria |
good mouth care/ Watch for change in tongue!
c/s prior to tx/ first dose take one hour before or 2-3 hours after meals check for hypersensitivity renal and hepatic s/e |
|
Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin)
|
antibiotic: sulfonamides
bateriostatic |
s/e: GI allergic rash, and urine crystals
-force fluids -maintain alkaline urine -avoid vit C= which acidifies urine |
|
Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
|
antibiotic: sulfonamides
bateriostatic |
-photosensivity
-fluid intake at 3,000ml to avoid urine crystals -s/e agranulocytosis |
|
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
|
antibiotic: sulfonamides
bateriostatic |
-s/e: hyoersensivity, blood dyscrasias
-3,000 ml fluids day= prevents crystal formation. -get c/s before 1st dose -NEVER give IM -IV: give over slowly at 60-90 min. |
|
Doxyycycline (Vibramycin)
|
antiobiotic: tetracyclines
bacteriostatic |
photosensitivity
NO milk products or antacids Use additional birth control check tongue for Monillia infection Note expiration date=becomes highly nephrotoxic Do not take with meals |
|
Minocycline (Minocin)
|
antiobiotic: tetracyclines
bacteriostatic |
photosensitivity
NO milk products or antacids Use additional birth control check tongue for Monillia infection Note expiration date=becomes highly nephrotoxic Do not take with meals |
|
Tetracycline (Panmycin)
|
antiobiotic: tetracyclines
bacteriostatic |
photosensitivity
Do not give on pregnacy=will discolor primary teeth!!! NO milk products or antacids Use additional birth control check tongue for "black hairy" Note expiration date=becomes highly nephrotoxic Do not take with meals |
|
Nitrofurantoin (furadantin)
|
anti-infective: bacteria
GI med that fight UTI's |
take with food or milk
avoid antacids watch for resp issues |
|
phenazopyridine (pyridium)
|
pain reliever for GI
spasmolytic |
take with meals
will turn urine BRIGHT ORANGE s/e : h/a, vertigo |
|
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
|
anticholinergics
used to reduce bladder spasms and tx urinary incontinence |
increase fluid and fiber
s/e: Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention |
|
Hyoscyamine (Anaspaz)
|
anticholinergics
used to reduce bladder spasms and tx urinary incontinence |
increase fluid and fiber
s/e: Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention |
|
Proppantheline (Pro-Banthine)
|
anticholinergics
-used to reduce bladder spasms -tx urinary incontinence -used for peptic ulcers tx |
-increase fluid and fiber
-Give night's dose, 2hr after last meal -30min ac -s/e: Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention |
|
Darifenacin (Enablex)
|
anticholinergics
used to reduce bladder spasms and tx urinary incontinence |
increase fluid and fiber
s/e: Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention |
|
Solifenacin (Vesicare)
|
anticholinergics
used to reduce bladder spasms and tx urinary incontinence |
increase fluid and fiber
s/e: Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention |
|
Tolterodine (Detrol)
|
anticholinergics
used to reduce bladder spasms and tx urinary incontinence |
increase fluid and fiber
s/e: Blurred vision Dry mouth Constipation Urinary retention |
|
Sildenafil (Viagra)
|
tx erectile disfunction
|
-Never take with nitrates and alpha blockers= risk for severe hypotension.
-take 1 hr before sex -Do not drink grapefruit juice s/e: hypotension, priapism, h/a, flushing |
|
Vardenafil (Levitra)
|
tx erectile disfunction
|
-Never take with nitrates and alpha blockers= risk for severe hypotension.
-take 1 hr before sex -Do not drink grapefruit juice s/e: hypotension, priapism, h/a, flushing |
|
Tadalafil (Cialis)
|
tx erectile disfunction
|
-Never take with nitrates and alpha blockers= risk for severe hypotension.
-take 1 hr before sex -Do not drink grapefruit juice s/e: hypotension, priapism, h/a, flushing |
|
Finasteride (Proscar, Propecia)
|
Testosterone inhibitors
Proscar: tx benign prostatic hyperplasia Propecia: tx male hair loss |
s/e: decreased libido
impotence breast tenderness PregWoman: AVOID contact with crushed drug or pt's semen= will affect male fetus. |
|
Action of anticholinergics
|
-competes with acetylcholine at receptor sites in autonomic nervous system
-causes: cycloplegia (relax ciliary muscles), mydriasis (dilation of pupils), brochodialtion, decreases broncho secretions, decreases GI motility and GI secretions. -DO NOT give if pt has glaucoma!!!! s/e: |
Blurred vision
Dry mouth Urinary retention Heart Rate Changes (?) |
|
Belladonna
|
anticholinergics
|
|
|
Atropine sulfate
|
anticholinergics, used for bradycardia
|
check hx of: glaucoma, HTN, asthma
-give 30 min prior to meals - make sure pt pees before giving -expect increase HR and resp.rate -avoid heat!!-persperation in decreased. |
|
Iproproprium (Atrovent)
|
anticholinergics used for brochospasms and long term tx of asthma
|
|
|
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
|
anticholinergics used for brochospasms and long term tx of asthma
|
given in powder form
|
|
Iprotropium plus albuterol (Atrovent, DuoNeb)
|
anticholinergics used for brochospasms and long term tx of asthma
s/e? |
-increase fluids, bulk foods, and exercise
-taper before d/c -orthostatic hypotension precautions |
|
Benztropine (Cogentin)
|
anticholinergics: used for parkinson's disease
s/e? |
-increase fluids, bulk foods, and exercise
-taper before d/c -orthostatic hypotension precautions |
|
Trihexyphenydil (Artane)
|
anticholinergics: used for parkinson's disease
s/e? |
-increase fluids, bulk foods, and exercise
-taper before d/c -orthostatic hypotension precautions |
|
Scopolamine (Transderm-Scop)
|
anticholinergics: used for motion sickness
s/e? |
Do not use in acute angle glaucoma!
|
|
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
|
anticoagulant
low weight heparin s/e? |
less allergic than heparin
SQ, never given IV or IM does not require lab test monitoring |
|
heparin
|
anticoagulant
-blocks conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin - used for preventative and tx of thromboembolic disorders. |
-Monitor PTT: 1.5 to 2.5 x the control(~20-45)= highest is 112.5 & lowest is 30.
Monitor platlet count IV: use pump, duration 2-6 hours NEVER IM SQ: duration 8-12 s/e: hemorrhage, anemia, thrombocytpenia (Low-platlets), fever |
|
heparin antidote
|
protamine sulfate w/in 30 min
|
|
|
Warfarin (Coumadin)
|
anticoagulant
-interferes with liver synthesis of vit K-dependent clotting factors -used for pulm. emboli, DVT, MI, atrial dysrhymmias, valve replacements |
Monitor PT: 1.5 to 2.5 x the control(~9-12)= highest is 30 & lowest is 13.5.
INR at 2-3 duration: 3-5 days Avoid venous stasis Avoid foods high in Vit k: greens, pork, yogurt, cheese, fish s/e: hemorrhage, diarrhea, rash, fever |
|
Warfarin (Coumadin) antidote
|
vit K, whole blood, or plasma
|
|
|
Lepirudin (Refludan)
|
anticoagulant
tx heparin induced thrombocytopenia (low platelets) Also, d/c heparin |
|
|
dipyridamole (Persantine)
|
anticoagulant
keeps the platelets in your blood from coagulating (clotting) around new valve given adjunct coumadin post op vlave replacement and adjunct to aspirin to reduce repeat stroke or TIA |
|
|
anticoagulant: should avoid what
1.procedures? 2. meds? 3. herbs 4. vitamins |
1. NO IM's!! risk for cuts, injuries
2. ASA-containing products and NSAIDs, Plavix 3. a. Ginkgo, Ginger, Garlic? b. Anise, chamomile? c. Ginseng and alfalfa? d. black haw? 4. a.Vit C b. Vit E |
a. Ginkgo, Ginger, Garlic increases bleeding with Coumadin
b. Anise, chamomile=interfers with action c. Ginseng and alfalfa decrease action d. black haw increases 4. a Vit c decreases warfarin's effect b. Vit E increases warfarin's effect |
|
General info about all anticonvulsants?
|
-decreases flow of calcium and sodium across neuronal membranes
-s/e? -tolerance develops -Don't d/c abrubtly -caution use with MAO's= lowers siezure threshold |
s/e:
Cardio depression resp depression aplastic anemia (bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells) agranulocytosis (failure of the bone marrow to make enough white blood cells=low WBC) |
|
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
|
benzodiazepine
anticonvulsant |
don't d/c abrubtly
|
|
Diazepam (Valium)
|
benzodiazepine
anticonvulsant -long term withdrawal s/s? |
-IV push- not exceed 2mg/min
-increases CNS depression with alcohol -s/s of withdrawal: vomiting, sweating, cramps, tremors, convulsions. |
|
Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx)
|
anticonvulsant
used for tonic clonic, status epilepticus |
highly protein bound
-Contact HCP if rash develops! |
|
levetiracetam (Keppra)
|
anticonvulsant
|
s/e: suicidal ideation
|
|
pheytoin sodium (Dilantin)
|
anticonvulsant
s/e: ? |
s/e: gingival hypertrophy, GI upset, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), hirsutism, lethargy
-take with water or meals=reduces GI upset -Red/brown or pink discoloration of seat and urine occurs -IV admin can cause cardiac arrest -NEVER mix tubinwith other drugs or dextrose -Increase Vit D and exposure to sun |
|
phenobarbital (Luminal)
|
anticonvulsant
-Barbiturate, long-acting, Sedative and hypnotic -early toxicity s/s? |
-early s/s of toxicity= nystagmus
-if IV= watch VS! -folic acid supplements need to be taken for long term use |
|
primidone (Mysoline)
|
anticonvulsant
|
theuraputic responcse may take up to 2 weeks
-shake supension well |
|
Magnesium sulfate
|
anticonvulsant
also used for: -tx eclampsia/ hypertension on pregnancy -magnesium deficiency in pts with hypocalcemia or on TPN (s/s of hypomag are: tetany, positive Chvostek and Trousseau signs, convulsions,generalized weakness, anorexia, hypokalemia hypocalcemia) -uterine tetany as a myometrial relaxant. - |
Monitor I&O
prior to dose, check reflexes (knee jerks)!! VS monitored, especially if on TPN |
|
Valproic acid (Depakote)
|
anticonvulsant
|
-good for use in young children
-Do not take with carbonated beverage -take with food -Monitor platelets, bleeding time, and liver function |
|
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
|
-anticonvulsant &trigeminal neuralgia
-also tx bipolar disorder (mood stabilzer) s/e: myelsuppression (low RBC production), ataxia-(failure of muscular coordination) |
-photosensivitiy
-take with meals -Monitor CBC's and I&O's -supervise ambulation |
|
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)
|
anticonvulsant
|
monitor weight weekly
monitor behavioral changes |
|
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
|
anticonvulsant-
also used to tx posttherpetic neuralgia |
monitor weight weekly
monitor behavioral changes |
|
Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
|
anticonvulsant
|
-take divided doses with meals or just afterward to decrease adverse effects.
-life-threatening rash wen given with valproic acid |
|
Topiramate (Topamax)
|
anticonvulsant
|
-adjunct therapy for intractable partial seizures
-increased risk for renal calculi -STOP drug immediately if eye problems occur-could lead to permanent damage! |
|
Phenezline sulfate (Nardil)
|
Antidepressants: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
|
Do not take with SSRI's
-d/c 10 days before general anesthesia -lowers seizure threshold -can cause urinary retention -avoid caffine, antihistamines, amphetamines -takes 3-4 wks to work -avoid tricyclics until 3wks after stopping MAOs -s/e: HTN crisis taken with foods containing tyramine or OTC drugs, photosensitivity, weight gain, sexual disfunction, ortho hypotension. |
|
General info for Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO's)
1. action? 2. s/e? 3. herbal precautions? |
1. interferes with monoamine oxidase, allowing for increased neurotransmitters (epi, norepi, serotonin)
2. HTN crisis taken with foods containing tyramine or OTC drugs, photosensitivity, weight gain, sexual disfunction, ortho hypotension. 3. ginseng= potentiates MAO ma huang or ephedra= avoid with MAO brewer's yeast w/MAO= increases BP |
-Not 1st line drug
-Do not take with SSRI's -d/c 10 days before general anesthesia -lowers seizure threshold -can cause urinary retention -avoid caffine, antihistamines, amphetamines -takes 3-4 wks to work -avoid tricyclics until 3wks after stopping MAOs |
|
Food which contain tyramine
|
aged cheese, bologna, pepperoni, salami, figs, bananas, raisins, beer, red wine.
|
|
|
s/s of hypertensive crisis:
|
h/a, sweating, palpitations, stiff neck, intracranial hemorrhage
|
|
|
isocarboxazid (Marplan)
|
Antidepressants: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
|
Do not take with SSRI's
-d/c 10 days before general anesthesia -lowers seizure threshold -can cause urinary retention -avoid caffine, antihistamines, amphetamines -takes 3-4 wks to work -avoid tricyclics until 3wks after stopping MAOs -s/e: HTN crisis taken with foods containing tyramine or OTC drugs, photosensitivity, weight gain, sexual disfunction, ortho hypotension. |
|
tranylcypromine (Parnate)
|
Antidepressants: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
|
Do not take with SSRI's
-d/c 10 days before general anesthesia -lowers seizure threshold -can cause urinary retention -avoid caffine, antihistamines, amphetamines -takes 3-4 wks to work -avoid tricyclics until 3wks after stopping MAOs -s/e: HTN crisis taken with foods containing tyramine or OTC drugs, photosensitivity, weight gain, sexual disfunction, ortho hypotension. |
|
General info for SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors
1. actions? 2. s/e? |
1. inhibits CNS uptake of serotonin, acts like a stimulant.
2. s/e: h/a, nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, dry mouth, GI upset, taste changes, rash, URI, painful menstrations, sexual disfunction, weight loss, palpations, bradycardia Watch out for??? |
-Take in AM= reduces insomnia
-Suicide precautions -Take 4 wks to work -Monitor weight -Mouth care -Do NOT give with MAO=risk for serotonin syndrome -increase effect of digoxin, coumadin, valium -Monitor for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia |
|
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
|
SSRI
|
h/a, nervousness, insomnia, anxiety, tremor, dry mouth, GI upset, taste changes, rash, URI, painful menstrations, sexual disfunction, weight loss, palpations, bradycardia
-Take in AM= reduces insomnia -Suicide precautions -Take 4 wks to work -Monitor weight -Mouth care -Do NOT give with MAO=risk for serotonin syndrome -increase effect of digoxin, coumadin, valium -Monitor for thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia |
|
Paroxetine (Paxil)
|
antidepressant: SSRI
s/e? |
s/e: palpitations, bradycardia n/v, diarrhea or constipation, increased or decreased appetite, urinary retention
-Take in am= reduces insomnia -takes 4 wks to work -potentiates the effect of digoxin, coumadin, valium -don't give with MAO's= serotonin syndrome -good mouth care |
|
Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft)
|
antidepressant: SSRI
s/e? |
s/e: palpitations, bradycardia n/v, diarrhea or constipation, increased or decreased appetite, urinary retention
-Take in am= reduces insomnia -takes 4 wks to work -potentiates the effect of digoxin, coumadin, valium -don't give with MAO's= serotonin syndrome -good mouth care |
|
Citalopram (Celexa)
|
antidepressant: SSRI
s/e? |
s/e: palpitations, bradycardia n/v, diarrhea or constipation, increased or decreased appetite, urinary retention
-Take in am= reduces insomnia -takes 4 wks to work -potentiates the effect of digoxin, coumadin, valium -don't give with MAO's= serotonin syndrome -good mouth care |
|
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
|
antidepressant: SSRI
s/e? |
s/e: palpitations, bradycardia n/v, diarrhea or constipation, increased or decreased appetite, urinary retention
-Take in am= reduces insomnia -takes 4 wks to work -potentiates the effect of digoxin, coumadin, valium -don't give with MAO's= serotonin syndrome -good mouth care |
|
s/s of serotonin syndrome?
|
* Agitation
* fast heart beat * Diarrhea * Heavy sweating not due to activity * Fever * Mental status changes such as confusion or hypomania * Muscle spasms (myoclonus) * Overactive reflexes (hyperreflexia) * Shivering * Tremor * Uncoordinated movements (ataxia) =happens cause too much serotonin |
|
|
General info about antidepressants: tricyclics
1. action? 2. s/e? |
1. inhibits presynaptic uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin: anticholinergic action at CNS.
2. s/e= sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blured vision, constipation, urinary retention), confusion Photosensitivity Orthostatic hypotension Bone marrow depression nursing care? |
take 2-6 wks to work
suicide risk 10-14 days later given at night to promote sleep and decrease s/e in day ortho hypo precaution Do not stop abrubtly avoid sun, sunscreen avoid sedation things=alcohol, OTC, etc. increase fluids use sugarless candy for dry mouth |
|
Amitriptyline hydrochloride (Elavil)
|
antidepressants: tricyclics
s/e= sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blured vision, constipation, urinary retention), confusion Photosensitivity Orthostatic hypotension Bone marrow depression |
take 2-6 wks to work
suicide risk 10-14 days later given at night to promote sleep and decrease s/e in day ortho hypo precaution Do not stop abrubtly avoid sun, sunscreen avoid sedation things=alcohol, OTC, etc. increase fluids use sugarless candy for dry mouth |
|
Imipramine (Tofranil)
|
antidepressants: tricyclics
s/e= sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blured vision, constipation, urinary retention), confusion Photosensitivity Orthostatic hypotension Bone marrow depression |
take 2-6 wks to work
suicide risk 10-14 days later given at night to promote sleep and decrease s/e in day ortho hypo precaution Do not stop abrubtly avoid sun, sunscreen avoid sedation things=alcohol, OTC, etc. increase fluids use sugarless candy for dry mouth |
|
Desipramine hydrochloride (Norpramin)
|
antidepressants: tricyclics
s/e= sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blured vision, constipation, urinary retention), confusion Photosensitivity Orthostatic hypotension Bone marrow depression |
take 2-6 wks to work
suicide risk 10-14 days later given at night to promote sleep and decrease s/e in day ortho hypo precaution Do not stop abrubtly avoid sun, sunscreen avoid sedation things=alcohol, OTC, etc. increase fluids use sugarless candy for dry mouth |
|
Doxepin (Sinequan)
|
antidepressants: tricyclics
s/e= sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blured vision, constipation, urinary retention), confusion Photosensitivity Orthostatic hypotension Bone marrow depression |
take 2-6 wks to work
suicide risk 10-14 days later given at night to promote sleep and decrease s/e in day ortho hypo precaution Do not stop abrubtly avoid sun, sunscreen avoid sedation things=alcohol, OTC, etc. increase fluids use sugarless candy for dry mouth |
|
Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
|
antidepressants: tricyclics
s/e= sedation, anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blured vision, constipation, urinary retention), confusion Photosensitivity Orthostatic hypotension Bone marrow depression |
take 2-6 wks to work
suicide risk 10-14 days later given at night to promote sleep and decrease s/e in day ortho hypo precaution Do not stop abrubtly avoid sun, sunscreen avoid sedation things=alcohol, OTC, etc. increase fluids use sugarless candy for dry mouth |
|
General info about antidepressants: Heterocyclics
|
used for depression & smoking cessation
action: does not inhibit MAO, has some anticholinergic effects, alters effects of serotonin on CNS s/e? |
s/e= dry mouth, nausea,
may require gradual reduction before d/c avoid other sedative meds up to 1 wk after end of therapy. |
|
Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban)
|
antidepressants: Heterocyclics
s/e? |
s/e= dry mouth, nausea, insomnia, agitiation
|
|
Trazodone (Desyrel)
|
antidepressants: Heterocyclics
s/e? |
s/e= dry mouth, nausea, sedation, orthostatic hypotension
|
|
St. John's Wart
|
herbal antidepressant
1. s/e? 2. nursing consideration? |
s/e= diziness, hypertension, allergic reaction, phototoxicity
nursing= Avoid with MAOI (2 wks seperartion) interacts with SSRIs d/c 1-2 wks before surgery -avoid alcohol -avoid sun |
|
Lispro (Humalog)
|
rapid acting insulin
onset? time of adverse reaction? when given? |
onset= 5-15min
time of adverse reaction= midmorning(trembling, weakness) when given=? |
|
Aspart (Novolog)
|
rapid acting insulin
onset? time of adverse reaction? when given? |
onset= 5-15min
time of adverse reaction= midmorning(trembling, weakness) when given=? |
|
Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R, Iletin II R)
|
short acting insulin
onset? time of adverse reaction? when given? |
onset= 30-60min
time of adverse reaction=midmorning, midafternoon: weakness, fatigue when given=20-30 min before meals -Clear solution, can be given with other insulins -ONLY insulin in IV form!!! |
|
Isophane (NPH)
|
Intermediate acting insulin
onset? time of adverse reaction? when given? |
onset= 2-4 hrs
time of adverse reaction=early evening: weakness, fatigue when given= can be given after meals -White and cloudy |
|
Lente
|
Intermediate acting insulin
onset? time of adverse reaction? when given? |
onset= 2-4 hrs
time of adverse reaction=early evening: weakness, fatigue when given= can be given after meals -White and cloudy |
|
Ultralente
|
Long acting insulin
onset? time of adverse reaction? when given? |
onset= 6-8 hr
time of adverse reaction= early morning: headache, confusion when given: used to control fasting blood glucose levels |
|
Glargine (Lantus)
|
Very long acting
onset? time of adverse reaction? when given? |
onset= 1hr
time of adverse reaction=? when given=at bedtime -maintains blood glucose levels regardless of meals -Cannot me mixed with other insulins!!! |
|
herbs that increase blood glucose?
|
bee pollen
ginkgo biloba glucosamine |
|
|
herbs that decrease blood glucose?
|
basil
bay leaf chromium echinacea garlic ginseng |
|
|
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
Sulfonylureas |
-pt has some pancreas beta cell function: stimulates release of insulin
-take with food if GI upset |
|
Gliipizide (Glucotrol)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
Sulfonylureas |
-pt has some pancreas beta cell function: stimulates release of insulin
-take with food if GI upset |
|
Glyburide (Micronase)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
Sulfonylureas |
-pt has some pancreas beta cell function: stimulates release of insulin
-take with food if GI upset |
|
Metformin (Glucophage)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
Biguanides |
-no effect on beta cells: decreases glucose production by liver
-not given if renal impairment -Don't give with alpha glucosidase inhibitors |
|
Acarbose (Precose)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
alpha glucosidase inhibitors |
-delays digestion of carbs
-must take immediately before meal |
|
Miglitol (Glyset)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
alpha glucosidase inhibitors |
-delays digestion of carbs
-must take immediately before meal |
|
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
thaizolidinediones |
-decreases insulin resisitance and inhibits gluconeogenesis
-may restart ovulation in perimenopause -Need liver function tests: hard on liver!! |
|
Pioglitazone (Actos)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
thaizolidinediones |
-decreases insulin resisitance and inhibits gluconeogenesis
-may restart ovulation in perimenopause -Need liver function tests: hard on liver!! |
|
Repaglinide (Prandin)
|
oral hypogylcemic agents:
meglitinides |
-increases pancreatic insulin release
- med should NOT be taken if skipped meal!!! |
|
General info about about oral hypogylcemic agents
|
s/e?
nursing considerations? |
s/e= anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, allergic skin reactions, hypoglycemia
nursing consid= take before breakfast monitor serum glucose avoid alcohol teach about dx good skin care |
|
Glucagon
|
med that reverses hypoglycemia
-give SQ or IM -onet 8-10min lasts 12-27 min -may repeat in 15 min if needed |
-give carbs asap orally to prevent secondary hypoglycemic reactions
-IV must be given of pt fails to respond |
|
Bismuth subsalicyalte
(Pepto-bismol, kaopectate) |
antidiarreheal
s/e: darkening of stools and tongue |
-give 2-3 hours before or after other meds
-encourage fluids -call MD if not resolved -don't give more than 2 days if kids <3 yrs or fever present -monitor for salicylate toxciity -Avoid use before x-ray- radiopaque |
|
Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate (Lomotil)
|
antidiarreheal
|
-onset in 45-60 min
|
|
Iopermide (Imodium)
|
antidiarreheal
|
-monitor kids for CNS effects
|
|
Optium alkaloids (Paregoric)
|
antidiarreheal
|
-d/c as soon as stool controlled, has narcotic dependece.
|
|
General info about antidiarrheals
|
-don't give if ab pain of unknown origin present
-has anticholingeric effects- watch for urinary retention -watch out for constipation |
|
|
Trimethobenzamide HCI (Tigan)
|
antiemetic
|
-Give deep IM
|
|
Prochlorperizine dimaleate (Compazine)
|
antiemetic
|
=check CBC and liver function
-protect from sun -s/e: ortho hypo diplopia photosensitivty |
|
Odansetron (Zofran)
|
antiemetic
|
-give 30 min prior to chemo
-s/e: h/a, sedation, tansient elevations of liver enzymes |
|
Thiethyperazine maleate (Torecan)
|
antiemetic
|
-give deep IM
-stay in bed for 1 hour after given -protect from sun -s/e: photosensitive trasient leukopenia extrapyramidal s/s ortho hypo anticholinergic effects |
|
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
|
antiemetic
|
-monitor BP
-avoid driving -take before meals -used with tube feeding to reduce aspiration -give 30 min prior to chemo -s/e: extrampyramindal effects dystonic reaction restlessness anixety drowsiness |
|
Meclizine (Antivert, Bonine)
|
antiemetic
|
-Do not give with GLAUCOMA
-avoid driving -s/e: anticholingeric excitiation, restlessness |
|
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
|
antiemetic
|
-avoid driving
-s/e: drowsiness, hypotension, blirred vision |
|
Promethazine (Phenergan)
|
antiemetic
|
-used for motion sickness
-take 1/2 to 1 hour prior to traveling -avoid driving, alcohol, CNS depressants -s/e: anticholnergic |
|
Droperidol (Inapsine)
|
antiemetic
|
-observe extrampyramidal s/s: dystonia, extended neck, flexed arms, tremor, restlessness, hyperactivity, anxiety= which can be reversed with anticholnergics.
|
|
General info about anitemetics
|
-blocks dopamine, increase GI motility
-s/e: anticholinergic, drowsiness, sedation -if used for viral infectionmay cause Reye's syndrome in pts <21 yrs -ginger often given, watch out for bleeding |
|
|
Amphotericin B (Fungizone)
|
antifungal
nickname "amphoterrible" s/e:? -meticulous care and observation of injection site!! |
s/e: GI upset
hypokalemia CNS disturbances in vision, hearing peripheral neuritis seizures Renal, hepatic, cardiac, blood abnormalities -report febrile reaction or any changes in nervous!!! |
|
Nystatin (Mycostatin)
|
antifungal
s/e? |
s/e: mild GI distress, hypersensitivity
-d/c if any reddness, swelling, or irritation. -good oral, vaginal, skin hygiene! |
|
Flucanozal (Diflucan)
|
antifungal
|
-give after hemodialysis
-drug excreted unchnged by kidneys, dose reduced if creatinine clearance is affected by renal failure! |
|
General info about antifungals
|
-used for fungal infections: candidiasis, oral thrush, histoplasmosis
-s/e? -nurse action? |
-s/e= hepatotoxic
thrombocytopenia leukopenia pruritis -give with food small meals check hepatic function! take full course of therapy! |
|
colchicine (Colsalide)
|
antigout
also: anaglesic, anti-inflammatory -used for acute gout with use of NSAIDs |
s/e: GI upset, angranulocytosis, peripheral neuritis
-check CBC -check I&O -give with meals |
|
Probenecid (Benemid)
|
antigout
-used for chronic gout -reduces uric acid |
s/e: nausea, constipation, skin rash
-check BUN, renal function tests -encourage fluids -give with milk, food, antacids **alkaline urine helps prevent renal stones |
|
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
|
antigout
-block formation of uric acid |
-check CBC, renal function tests
-encourage fluids -give with meals **alkaline urine helps prevent renal stones **AVOID ASA because it inactivates drug! |
|
general info about antigout meds
|
-decrease uric acid production and reabsorbtion
s/e? nursing action? |
s/e: aplastic anemia
agranulocytosis renal calculi GI irritation nursing action: monitor for renal calculi!! |
|
Chlorpheniramine maleate (Chlor-Trimeton)
|
antihistamine
|
-take before onset of s/s
-s/e: drowsiness, dry mouth |
|
Diphenhydramine HCI (Benadryl)
|
antihistamine
|
-avoid alcohol
-give with food -use sunscreen -s/e: drowsiness, dry mouth, nausea, photosensitive |
|
Promethazine HCI
(Phenergan) |
antihistamine
|
-give with food
-use sunscreen -s/e: drowsiness, dry mouth, photosensitive, agranulocytosis -prior to giving IV, check for patency of vein=extravasation will cause necrosis |
|
Loratadine (Claritin)
|
antihistamine
|
-reduce dose or give every other day for pts with renal or liver disfunction
-s/e: drowsiness |
|
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
|
antihistamine
|
-reduce dose or give every other day for pts with renal or liver disfunction
-s/e: drowsiness |
|
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
|
antihistamine
|
-reduce dose or give every other day for pts with renal or liver disfunction
-s/e: drowsiness |
|
General info about antihistamines
|
-blocks the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites, anticholinergic, antipruritic effects
-give with food -good skin care -give candy for mouth -avoid driving, etc, alcohol |
s/e;
drowsiness/sedation depression nightmares bronchospasm alopecia dry mouth |
|
Clolestryramine (Questran)
|
Antilipemic
bile acid sequestrants -increase bile acid in feces, decreases cholesterol |
-give 1 hour before or 4-6 hour after other meds to avoid blocking absorbtion.
-report constipation ASAP!! s/e: ab pain, bloating, fat-soluble vit deficiency, rash, constipation |
|
Colestipol (Colestid)
|
Antilipemic
bile acid sequestrants -increase bile acid in feces, decreases cholesterol |
-give 1 hour before or 4-6 hour after other meds to avoid blocking absorbtion.
-report constipation ASAP!! s/e: ab pain, bloating, fat-soluble vit deficiency, rash, constipation |
|
Lovostatin (Mevacor)
|
antilipemic
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) -decrease LDL levels, cause peripheral vasodilation |
-take with food
-call MD if muscle pain especially with fever and/or malaise -take at night -caution with pt with liver problems s/e: myopathy, increased liver enzyme levels |
|
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
|
antilipemic
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) -decrease LDL levels, cause peripheral vasodilation |
-take with food
-call MD if muscle pain especially with fever and/or malaise -take at night -caution with pt with liver problems s/e: myopathy, increased liver enzyme levels |
|
Simvastatin (Zocor)
|
antilipemic
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) -decrease LDL levels, cause peripheral vasodilation |
-take with food
-call MD if muscle pain especially with fever and/or malaise -take at night -caution with pt with liver problems s/e: myopathy, increased liver enzyme levels |
|
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
|
antilipemic
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) -decrease LDL levels, cause peripheral vasodilation |
-take with food
-call MD if muscle pain especially with fever and/or malaise -take at night -caution with pt with liver problems s/e: myopathy, increased liver enzyme levels |
|
Fluvastatin (Lescol)
|
antilipemic
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) -decrease LDL levels, cause peripheral vasodilation |
-take with food
-call MD if muscle pain especially with fever and/or malaise -take at night -caution with pt with liver problems s/e: myopathy, increased liver enzyme levels |
|
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
|
antilipemic
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) -decrease LDL levels, cause peripheral vasodilation |
-take with food
-call MD if muscle pain especially with fever and/or malaise -take at night -caution with pt with liver problems s/e: myopathy, increased liver enzyme levels |
|
Niacin (Niacor, Niaspan)
|
antilipemic
Nicotonic acid -decreases total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, increases HDL |
-flushing will occur, reduces after 2wk
-s/e: flushing, hyperglycemia, gout, upper GI distress, liver damage -avoid alcohol!! |
|
Fenofibrate (Tricor)
|
antilipemic
folic acid derivatives decreases total cholesterol, VLDL, triglycerides |
-give before meals
-call MD if muscle pain occurs!!! -s/e: ab pain, increased risk fo gall bladder dx, myalgia, swollen joints |
|
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
|
antilipemic
folic acid derivatives decreases total cholesterol, VLDL, triglycerides |
-give before meals
-call MD if muscle pain occurs!!! -s/e: ab pain, increased risk fo gall bladder dx, myalgia, swollen joints |
|
herbs used to tx high cholesterol:
|
flax seed: decreases absorbtion of other meds
garlic: increases bleeding, increases hypoglycemic effects of insulin green tea: has stimulant effect soy |
|
|
general info about antilipemics
|
inhibits cholesterol and triglycerides synthesis, decreases serum cholesterol and LDL
-nursing consid? |
-meds should be used wit diet teaching, physical activity, stop smoking
-monitor lipids every 6 wk suntil normal, then every 4-6 months |
|
Captopril (Capoten)
|
antihypertensives- tx of HTN, CHF
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin converting enzyme) -blocks ACE in lungs from converting angio1 to angio2 (powerful vasoconstrictor): decreasing BP, decreasing aldosterone secretion, causing sodium and fluid loss |
-report SWELLING of FACE, lightheadedness asap!
-give 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals -small, frequent meals -frequent mouth care -change postions slowly -can be used with thiazide diuretics -s/e: dizziness, ortho hypo |
|
Enalapril (Vasotec)
|
antihypertensives- tx of HTN, CHF
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin converting enzyme) -blocks ACE in lungs from converting angio1 to angio2 (powerful vasoconstrictor): decreasing BP, decreasing aldosterone secretion, causing sodium and fluid loss |
-report SWELLING of FACE, lightheadedness asap!
-give 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals -small, frequent meals -frequent mouth care -change postions slowly -can be used with thiazide diuretics -s/e: dizziness, ortho hypo |
|
Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil)
|
antihypertensives- tx of HTN, CHF
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin converting enzyme) -blocks ACE in lungs from converting angio1 to angio2 (powerful vasoconstrictor): decreasing BP, decreasing aldosterone secretion, causing sodium and fluid loss |
--report SWELLING of FACE, lightheadedness asap!
-give 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals -small, frequent meals -frequent mouth care -change postions slowly -can be used with thiazide diuretics -s/e: dizziness, ortho hypo |
|
Benazepril (Lotensin)
|
antihypertensives- tx of HTN, CHF
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin converting enzyme) -blocks ACE in lungs from converting angio1 to angio2 (powerful vasoconstrictor): decreasing BP, decreasing aldosterone secretion, causing sodium and fluid loss |
-give 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
-small, frequent meals -frequent mouth care -change postions slowly -can be used with thiazide diuretics -s/e: ortho hypo, tachycardia, MI, proteinuria, rash, persistant dry non-productive cough, peripheral edema |
|
Fosinopril (Monopril)
|
antihypertensives- tx of HTN, CHF
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin converting enzyme) -blocks ACE in lungs from converting angio1 to angio2 (powerful vasoconstrictor): decreasing BP, decreasing aldosterone secretion, causing sodium and fluid loss |
-give 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
-small, frequent meals -frequent mouth care -change postions slowly -can be used with thiazide diuretics -s/e: ortho hypo, tachycardia, MI, proteinuria, rash, persistant dry non-productive cough, peripheral edema |
|
Quinapril (Accupril)
|
antihypertensives- tx of HTN, CHF
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin converting enzyme) -blocks ACE in lungs from converting angio1 to angio2 (powerful vasoconstrictor): decreasing BP, decreasing aldosterone secretion, causing sodium and fluid loss |
-give 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
-small, frequent meals -frequent mouth care -change postions slowly -can be used with thiazide diuretics -s/e: ortho hypo, tachycardia, MI, proteinuria, rash, persistant dry non-productive cough, peripheral edema |
|
Ramipril (Altace)
|
antihypertensives- tx of HTN, CHF
ACE inhibitors (Angiotensin converting enzyme) -blocks ACE in lungs from converting angio1 to angio2 (powerful vasoconstrictor): decreasing BP, decreasing aldosterone secretion, causing sodium and fluid loss |
-give 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
-small, frequent meals -frequent mouth care -change postions slowly -can be used with thiazide diuretics -s/e: ortho hypo, tachycardia, MI, proteinuria, rash, persistant dry non-productive cough, peripheral edema |
|
Atenolol (Tenormin)
|
antihypertensive: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
-decreases excitabilty of heart, reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption, decreases release of renin, lowers BP -s/e? |
-do not d/c abrubtly
-take with meals -for DM pts: blocks normal s/s of hypoglycemia: monitor blood gluocose -check APICAL pulse, <60 hold drug and call MD -s/e: bradycardia, hypotension, brochospasm |
|
Nadolol (Corgard)
|
antihypertensive: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
-decreases excitabilty of heart, reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption, decreases release of renin, lowers BP |
-do not d/c abrubtly
-take with meals -for DM pts: blocks normal s/s of hypoglycemia: monitor blood gluocose -teach pt to check pulse before each dose -check APICAL pulse before giving: <60 hold -s/e: bradycardia, hypotension, HF |
|
Propranolol (Inderal)
|
antihypertensive: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
-decreases excitabilty of heart, reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption, decreases release of renin, lowers BP |
-do not d/c abrubtly
-take with meals -for DM pts: blocks normal s/s of hypoglycemia: monitor blood gluocose -teach pt to check pulse before each dose -s/e: hypotension, brochospasm, bradycardia, depression, weakness |
|
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
|
antihypertensive: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
-decreases excitabilty of heart, reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption, decreases release of renin, lowers BP |
-do not d/c abrubtly
-take with meals -for DM pts: blocks normal s/s of hypoglycemia: monitor blood gluocose -teach pt to check pulse before each dose -check APICAL pulse before giving: <60 hold -s/e: bradycardia, hypotension, HF, depression |
|
Acebutolol (Sectral)
|
antihypertensive: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
-decreases excitabilty of heart, reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption, decreases release of renin, lowers BP |
-do not d/c abrubtly
-take with meals -for DM pts: blocks normal s/s of hypoglycemia: monitor blood gluocose |
|
Carvedilol (Coreg)
|
antihypertensive: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
-decreases excitabilty of heart, reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption, decreases release of renin, lowers BP |
-do not d/c abrubtly
-take with meals -for DM pts: blocks normal s/s of hypoglycemia: monitor blood gluocose |
|
Pindolol (Visken)
|
antihypertensive: Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
-decreases excitabilty of heart, reduces cardiac workload and O2 consumption, decreases release of renin, lowers BP |
-do not d/c abrubtly
-take with meals -for DM pts: blocks normal s/s of hypoglycemia: monitor blood gluocose |
|
Nifedipine (Procardia)
|
antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker
-reduces workload of left ventricle -coronary vasodilator |
-Monitor BP
-assist with ambulation at start of therapy. -contact MD if BP <90/60 s/e: hypotension dizziness GI distress Liver disfunction jitteriness |
|
Verapamil (Calan)
|
antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker
-reduces workload of left ventricle -coronary vasodilator |
-avoid grapefruit juice
-Monitor BP -assist with ambulation at start of therapy. -contact MD if BP <90/60 s/e: hypotension dizziness GI distress Liver disfunction jitteriness |
|
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
|
antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker
-reduces workload of left ventricle -coronary vasodilator |
-Monitor BP
-assist with ambulation at start of therapy. -contact MD if BP <90/60 s/e: hypotension dizziness GI distress Liver disfunction jitteriness |
|
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
|
antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker
|
-Monitor BP
-assist with ambulation at start of therapy. -contact MD if BP <90/60 s/e: hypotension dizziness angina Liver disfunction AV block bradycardia perpheral edema |
|
Felodipine (Plendil)
|
antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker
|
-Monitor BP
-assist with ambulation at start of therapy. -contact MD if BP <90/60 s/e: hypotension dizziness angina Liver disfunction AV block bradycardia perpheral edema |
|
general info about antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker
1. action? |
-slows impulse conduction, depresses myocardial contractility, dilation of cornary arteries, decreases cardiac workload and energy consumption, increases O2 of myocardial cells
|
-don't give for heart block
-monitor for signs of HF --contact MD if BP <90/60 -assist with ambulation at start of therapy. |
|
Candesartan (Atacand)
|
antihypertensive: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: (ACE blockers/ ARB)
|
s/e: angioedema, renal failure, ortho hypo
-instruct client about postion changes -monitor for edema -tell pt to call MD if edema occurs |
|
Eprosartan (Teveten)
|
antihypertensive: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: (ACE blockers/ ARB)
|
s/e: angioedema, renal failure, ortho hypo
-instruct client about postion changes -monitor for edema -tell pt to call MD if edema occurs |
|
Irbesartan (Avapro)
|
antihypertensive: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: (ACE blockers/ ARB)
|
s/e: angioedema, renal failure, ortho hypo
-instruct client about postion changes -monitor for edema -tell pt to call MD if edema occurs |
|
Losartan (Cozaar)
|
antihypertensive: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: (ACE blockers/ ARB)
|
s/e: angioedema, renal failure, ortho hypo
-instruct client about postion changes -monitor for edema -tell pt to call MD if edema occurs |
|
Valsartan (Diovan)
|
antihypertensive: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists: (ACE blockers/ ARB)
|
s/e: angioedema, renal failure, ortho hypo
-instruct client about postion changes -monitor for edema -tell pt to call MD if edema occurs |
|
Doxazosin (Cardura)
|
antihypertensive: Alpha 1-adrenergic blocker
s/e: ortho hypo reflex tachycardia nasal congestion impotence |
-give 1st dose at bedtime
-change positions slowly- b/c ortho hypo s/e -Monitor BP, weight, BUN/creat edema |
|
Prazosin (Minipress)
|
antihypertensive: Alpha 1-adrenergic blocker
antihypertensive: Alpha 1-adrenergic blocker s/e: ortho hypo reflex tachycardia nasal congestion impotence |
-give 1st dose at bedtime
-change positions slowly- b/c ortho hypo s/e -Monitor BP, weight, BUN/creat edema |
|
Terazosin (Hytrin)
|
antihypertensive: Alpha 1-adrenergic blocker
antihypertensive: Alpha 1-adrenergic blocker s/e: ortho hypo reflex tachycardia nasal congestion impotence |
-give 1st dose at bedtime
-change positions slowly- b/c ortho hypo s/e -Monitor BP, weight, BUN/creat edema |
|
Clonidine (Catapres)
|
antihypertensive: Centrally acting Alpha-adrenergics
-stimulates alpha receptors in medulla, decreasing rate of force of contraction, decreasing cardiac output. -s/e? |
s/e: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, h/a, dermatitis, severe rebound hypertension.
-Don't d/c abruptly -apply patch to non-hairy area!! |
|
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
|
antihypertensive: Centrally acting Alpha-adrenergics
-stimulates alpha receptors in medulla, decreasing rate of force of contraction, decreasing cardiac output. |
s/e: drowsiness, dizziness, bradycardia, hemolytic anemia, fever, ortho hypo.
-monitor CBC -monitor liver function -take at hs to min drowsiness -change postions slowly |
|
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
|
antihypertensives: direct acting vasodilators
-relaxes smooth muscle in vessels=lowers peripheral resistance |
-give with meals
-observe mental status -check for weight gain, edema s/e: lupus erythematous-like syndrome, h/a, palpitations, edema, tachycardia |
|
Minoxidil
|
antihypertensives: direct acting vasodilators
-relaxes smooth muscle in vessels=lowers peripheral resistance |
-teach pt to check pulse
-check APICAL pulse before giving -monitor weight gain, I&O -s/e: tachycardia, angina pectoris, edema, increase in body hair. |
|
herbs that interact with antihypertensive drugs:
|
Ma-huang (ephedra) = decreases effect of med, increases HTN with beta blockers
Black cohosh=increases hypo effects Goldenseal=counteracts effects |
|
|
Lithium
|
med for bi-polar disorder
-controls manic episodes -normal target level: 1-1.5mEq/L -s/s of toxicity? |
-increase fluids 2,500-3,000 ml/day
-check serum 2-3x wk at start, then monthly while on maintenance. test/draw in AM! -takes 1-2 wks to work -s/s of toxicity: vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, muscular weakness, ataxia |
|
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
|
med for bi-polar disorder
-mood stabilzer -used for seizures and trigeminal neuralgia |
-obtain baseline urinaylsis, BUN, liver function, CBC
-shake oral susp -NG tube=mix with equal amounts of NS or D5, then flush -take with food -drowsiness appears in 3-4days s/e: vertigo, ataxia, CHF, aplastic anemia |
|
Divalproex sodium (Depakote)
|
med for bi-polar disorder
-mood stabilzer -used for siezures |
-monitor liver function, platelet count at starting med and during
-monitor blood levels -take with food -teach client about s/s of liver disfuntion: fever, malaise -s/e: toxic hepatitis, thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis, sedation |
|
General info about bipolar meds
action? s/s severe toxcitiy? s/e? |
action=reduces catecholamines released into synapse and increases uptake of norepineephrine, serotonin
s/s toxicity=exagerated reflexes, seizures, coma s/e: GI upset, tremors, polydipsia, polyuria |
|
|
Busulfan (Myleran)
|
antineoplastic agent: alkylating agent
-interfers with rapidly producing DNA |
-s/e: bone marrow supression
-Check CBC -causes stomatitis- requires extra fluids to flush system |
|
Chlorambucil (Leukeran)
|
antineoplastic agent: alkylating agent
-interfers with rapidly producing DNA |
-monitor for infection
-avoid IM when platelets are low s/e: n/v, bone marrow suppresion, sterilty -encourage fluids |
|
Cisplatin platinol -AQ
|
antineoplastic agent: alkylating agent
-interfers with rapidly producing DNA |
-encourage fluids
-check hematopoietic function weekly. |
|
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
|
antineoplastic agent: alkylating agent
-interfers with rapidly producing DNA |
-monitor for infection
-give antiemetics -report hematuria -force fluids -se: alopecia, bone marrow suppresion, hemorrhagic cystitis, dermatitis, hyperclamia, hypoglycemia, amenorrhea. |
|
Cytarabine (ARA-C)
|
antineoplastic agent
antimetabolites- "fool cells"-so cell division is halted. s/e: n/v, hemo abnormalities, rash, weight loss |
-force fluids, good oral care
|
|
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
|
antineoplastic agent
antimetabolites- "fool cells"-so cell division is halted. s/e: n/v, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression, GI ulceration, alopecia, liver disfunction, stomatitis |
-monitor for infection
-avoid extravasation |
|
Pemetrexed (Alimta)
|
antineoplastic agent
antimetabolites- "fool cells"-so cell division is halted. s/e: n/v, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression, GI ulceration, alopecia, liver disfunction, stomatitis |
|
|
Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
|
antineoplastic agent
antimetabolites- "fool cells"-so cell division is halted. s/e: n/v, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, liver disfunction, ab bleeding |
-check liver!
|
|
Methotrexate (MTX)
|
antineoplastic agent
antimetabolites- "fool cells"-so cell division is halted. s/e: n/v, bloody diarrhea, bone marrow suppression, GI ulceration, alopecia, liver disfunction, stomatitis |
-good mouth care, avoid alcohol
-monitor live and renal function |
|
hydroxyurea (Hydrea)
|
antineoplastic agent
antimetabolites- "fool cells"-so cell division is halted. s/e: n/v, diarrhea, bone marrow suppression, GI ulceration, liver disfunction, rash |
-teach ot to report toxic GI s/s ASAP
|
|
Bleomycin (Blenoxane)
|
antineoplastic agent:
antitumor antibiotics- interfers with DNA and RNA synthesis |
-monitor for septicemic reactions
-monitor for s/s of extravasation at injection sites |
|
Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
|
antineoplastic agent:
antitumor antibiotics- interfers with DNA and RNA synthesis |
-monitor for septicemic reactions
-monitor for s/s of extravasation at injection sites |
|
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
|
antineoplastic agent:
antitumor antibiotics- interfers with DNA and RNA synthesis |
-monitor for septicemic reactions
-monitor for s/s of extravasation at injection sites |
|
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
|
antineoplastic agent: hormonal agents
used in breast cancer -antiestrogen= competes with estrogen to bind to estrogene receptor sites on malignant cells |
-causes transient fall in WBC or platelets, hypercalcemia, bone pain
-monitor serum Calcium -check CBC |
|
Leuprolide (Lupron)
|
antineoplastic agent: hormonal agents
used in breast cancer -progestin=causes tumor cell regression by unknown mechanisms |
|
|
Testolactone (Teslac)
|
antineoplastic agent: hormonal agents
-androgen= used for palliation in advanced breast cancer |
|
|
Vinblastine (Velban)
|
antineoplastic agent: vinca alkaloids
-interfers with cell division |
s/e: n/v, loss of reflexes, bone marrow depression
-Avoid IV inflitration and extravasation -IV can cause bronchospasm -give antiemtic prior -Zyloprim given to help excrete uric acid |
|
Vincristine (Oncovin)
|
antineoplastic agent: vinca alkaloids
-interfers with cell division |
s/e: n/v, loss of reflexes, bone marrow depression
-Avoid IV inflitration and extravasation -check reflexes -give antiemtic prior -Zyloprim given to help excrete uric acid |
|
General info about antineoplastic agents
|
1. bone marrow suppression
2. n/v 3. altered immune response 4. impaired oral mucosa, stomatis 5. Fatigue |
1. monitor bleeding, avoid IM, avoid rectal temp
2. small frequent meals, antiemtics 3. handwashing, timely reports in changes in VS indicating infection 4. oral hygiene 5. encourage rest |
|
Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)
|
antiparkinson med
-blocks acetocholine at cerebral synaptic sites |
-monitor Intraocular pressure, don't give with glaucoma
-assist with ambulation -give with food -avoid OTC meds, foods with vit B6, alcohol |
|
Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)
|
antiparkinson med
-supresses tremor of parkinison |
-monitor Intraocular pressure, don't give with glaucoma
-assist with ambulation -give with food -avoid OTC meds, foods with vit B6, alcohol |
|
Levodopa (l-dopa)
|
antiparkinson med
-precursor of dopamine |
-monitor Intraocular pressure, don't give with glaucoma
-assist with ambulation -give with food -avoid OTC meds, foods with vit B6, alcohol |
|
bromocriptine mesylate (Parodel)
|
antiparkinson med
|
-monitor Intraocular pressure, don't give with glaucoma
-assist with ambulation -give with food -avoid OTC meds, foods with vit B6, alcohol |
|
Pergolide (Permax)
|
antiparkinson med
|
-monitor Intraocular pressure, don't give with glaucoma
-assist with ambulation -give with food -avoid OTC meds, foods with vit B6, alcohol |
|
Carbidopa-Levodopa (Sinemet)
|
antiparkinson med
|
-don't use with MAO inhibitors
-monitor Intraocular pressure, don't give with glaucoma -assist with ambulation -give with food -avoid OTC meds, foods with vit B6, alcohol |
|
Amantadine (Symmetrel)
|
antiparkinson med
|
-monitor Intraocular pressure, don't give with glaucoma
-assist with ambulation -give with food -avoid OTC meds, foods with vit B6, alcohol -don't give if epilepsy, arterioscerosis |
|
general info about anti-parkinson meds
|
s/e: ataxia, confusion, psychosis, hemolytic anemia, n/v, ortho hypo, anticholingeric effects
|
-monitor urinary retention
-avoid vit B6, alcohol, OTC drugs -avoid glaucoma pts |
|
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptors antagonists
|
antiplatelets
|
-s/e gi upset, hemorrhage
-watch out for bruises, bloddy or black stools -inform dentist, careful brushing -elderly higher risk for OTOTOXICITY -contact HCP prior to OTC use -avoid garlic, gingko, ginger. |
|
Ticlodipine (Ticlid)
|
antiplatelets
|
-s/e gi upset, hemorrhage
-watch out for bruises, bloddy or black stools -inform dentist, careful brushing -elderly higher risk for OTOTOXICITY -contact HCP prior to OTC use -avoid garlic, gingko, ginger. |
|
Copidrogel (Plavix)
|
antiplatelets
|
-s/e gi upset, hemorrhage
-watch out for bruises, bloddy or black stools -inform dentist, careful brushing -elderly higher risk for OTOTOXICITY -contact HCP prior to OTC use -avoid garlic, gingko, ginger. |
|
Glycoprotein IIb and IIIa receptor antagonists
|
antiplatelets
|
-s/e gi upset, hemorrhage
-watch out for bruises, bloddy or black stools -inform dentist, careful brushing -elderly higher risk for OTOTOXICITY -contact HCP prior to OTC use -avoid garlic, gingko, ginger. |
|
Eptifibatide (Integrilin)
|
antiplatelets
|
-s/e gi upset, hemorrhage
-watch out for bruises, bloddy or black stools -inform dentist, careful brushing -elderly higher risk for OTOTOXICITY -contact HCP prior to OTC use -avoid garlic, gingko, ginger. |
|
Abciximab (ReoPro)
|
antiplatelets
|
-s/e gi upset, hemorrhage
-watch out for bruises, bloddy or black stools -inform dentist, careful brushing -elderly higher risk for OTOTOXICITY -contact HCP prior to OTC use -avoid garlic, gingko, ginger. |
|
Salicylates (Aspirin) (ASA)
|
antiplatelets
|
-s/e gi upset, hemorrhage
-watch out for bruises, bloddy or black stools -inform dentist, careful brushing -elderly higher risk for OTOTOXICITY -contact HCP prior to OTC use -avoid garlic, gingko, ginger. |
|
Haloperidol (Haldol)
|
antipsychotic
traditional |
high incidence for extrapymidal effects
|
|
Fluphenazine (Prolixin)
|
antipsychotic
traditional |
|
|
Perphenazine (Trilafon)
|
antipsychotic
traditional |
-can help control severe vomiting
|
|
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
|
antipsychotic
traditional |
-no risk for abuse
-photoensitive |
|
Risperidone (Risperdal)
|
antipsychotic
atypical |
-1st line drug b/c low EPS, and low anticholinergic effects
|
|
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
|
antipsychotic
atypical |
-1st line drug b/c low EPS, and low anticholinergic effects
|
|
Ziprasidone (Geodon)
|
antipsychotic
atypical |
-low risk for weight gain
|
|
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
|
antipsychotic
atypical |
|
|
Clozapine (Clorzaril)
|
antipsychotic
atypical |
|
|
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
|
antipsychotic
atypical |
|
|
nursing considerations with anitpsychotic meds?
|
1. be aware that med lowers seizure theshold
2. slows growth rate in children 3. avoid alcohol 4. monitor GI motility and urinary retention 5. with antiHTN/nitrates, can cause hypoTN. 6. elderly higher risk for dehydration 7. avoid sun exposure 8. takes 4-6 wks to work 9. encourage fluid intake 10. may cause false positive preg. tests 11.DO NOT mix with caffeine or apple juice 12. Use 60ml dilution for every 5ml of med. |
|
|
Akathisia
|
-motor restlessness, inability to sit or stand still, foot tap, pace
-extrapyramidal s/e of antipsychotics |
|
|
Dyskinesia
|
abnormal voluntary movements
s/e of antipyschotics extrapyramidal |
|
|
Acute dystonic reaction
1. early s/s 2. late s/s? |
=abnormal muscle tone
s/e of antipyschotics: extrapyramidal 1. early s/s= tightening of jaw. stiff neck, swollen tongue 2. swollen airway, oculogyric crisis= is reversible. |
|
|
parkinson syndrome/ psuedoparkinsonism
|
s/e of antipyschotics
extrapyramidal =shuffling gait, rigid muscles, excessive salvation, tremors, mask-like face, motor retardation |
med mgmt: give benzotropine (Cogentin)
or trihexyphenidyl (Artane) |
|
Tardive dyskinesia
|
s/e of antipyschotics
extrapyramidal =involuntary movements of mouth, tongue, trunk, extremities, chewing motions, sucking, tongue thrusting. May be irreversible! |
|
|
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
s/e of antipyschotics
seriuos!!, not reversible s/s: ridigty, fever, sweating, autonomic dysfunction(dsyrthymias, fluctuations in BP), confusion, seizures, coma 1. -what nurse does? |
1. Immediately D/C antipsychotic!
control hyperthermia, hydration, give Dantroline (muscle relaxant for the rigidity) Bromocriptine used for CNS toxicity |
|
Atropine psychosis
|
s/e of antipyschotics
s/s: 1. "Red as a beet" skin hot to touch w/out fever 2. "Dry as a bone" dehydration 3. "Mad as hatter"- AMS -what does nurse do.... |
-reduce med or d/c med
-stay with pt while confused for safety |
|
Major s/e effects of antipsychotics (8)
|
1. extrapyramidal (5)
2. Anticholinergic 3. sedative 4, hypotensive- ortho hypo 5. phototoxic 6. neuroleptic malignant syndrome 7. atropine psychosis 8. discolors urine pink to red brown. |
|
|
tylenol (Acetaminophen)
|
antipyretic
antiinflammatory antiprostaglandin activity in hypothalamus reduces fever, causes peripheral vasodilation |
|
|
Salicylates (asiprin, ASA)
|
antipyretic
antiinflammatory antiprostaglandin activity in hypothalamus reduces fever, causes peripheral vasodilation |
-DO NOT under 21 ys =risk for Reye's syndrome
-give with milk, food, water -don't give if pt has bleeding disorder |
|
Methimazole (Tapazole)
|
antithyroid
tx hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxic crisis -ihibits synthesis of thyroid hormone |
-check CBC
-check hepatic function -give with meals -Report fever, sore throat to MD |
|
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
|
antithyroid
tx hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxic crisis -ihibits synthesis of thyroid hormone |
-check CBC
-check hepatic function -give with meals -Report fever, sore throat to MD |
|
Lugol's iodine solution
|
antithyroid
tx hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxic crisis -used 2 wks prior to surgery= decreases vasularity, decreases hormone release -only effective for short period of time |
-stains teeth
-dilute in water, juice -give after meals |
|
Potassium iodine (SSKI)
|
antithyroid
tx hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxic crisis -used 2 wks prior to surgery= decreases vasularity, decreases hormone release |
-stains teeth
-dilute in water, juice -give after meals |
|
how is sodium effect lithium
|
lithium a med for bi-polar manic phase
-alkali metal salt acts like sodium ions in the body; excretion of lithium depends on normal sodium levels; sodium reduction causes marked lithium retention, leading to toxicity |
|
|
bacterial meningitis vs. viral meningitis?
what precautions? |
bacterial is worse. Has cloudy CSF, and high WBC
-viral is less severe, clear CSF, and normal high WBC's -droplet precautions |
|
|
Miller-abbott tube
function? what is it used to tx? |
Miller-Abbott tube provides for intestinal decompression; intestinal tube is often used for treatment of paralytic ileus.
-tube would be placed in an area of reduced peristalsis and would slowly work past an obstruction |
|
|
Levin or Salem Sump
function? |
-Prevents fluid and gas accumulation in the stomach
-decompresses the stomach |
|
|
PKU
what does it test? When should it be done? |
genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Body cannot metabolize the essential amino acid phenylalanine. This allows phenyl acid to accumulate in the blood. If not recognized, resultant high levels of phenyl ketone in the brain cause mental retardation.
THINK: protein 2. BEST time to test is after the infant has ingested enough protein (i.e. breast milk) to test the infant’s blood. NO LATER THAN 7 days |
|
|
Zidovudine (AZT)
|
antivirals
|
|
|
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid)
|
thyroid replacement med. Tx hypothyroidism
|
report chest pain, SOB, palpations to MD. Withold if pulse is >100
|
|
Liothyronine sodium (Cytomel)
|
thyroid replacement med. Tx hypothyroidism
|
take same time everyday. Take in AM. Withhold if pulse is >100
|
|
General info about thyroid replacement meds
|
tx hypothyroidism. Enhances anticoagulants (prolongs PTT). Decreases action of insulin, & digitalis. Monitor weight (>2lbs wk=bad). Avoid OTC drugs
|
|
|
Isoniazid (INH)
|
antiTB- 1st line agents
|
liver toxic. Check for s/s of hepatitis. Works in 2-3wks.
|
|
Ethambutol (EMB)
|
antiTB- 1st line agents
|
a
|
|
Rifampin (RIF, Rifadin)
|
antiTB- 1st line agents
|
a
|
|
Streptomycin
|
antiTB- 1st line agents
|
a
|
|
Para-amino salicyclic acid (PAS)
|
ant-TB- 2nd line agents
|
a
|
|
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
|
ant-TB- 2nd line agents
|
a
|
|
Dextromethoorphan hydromide (Benylin DM, Pertussis ES, Vicks formula 44)
|
anttussive/expectorant
|
a
|
|
Guaifensin (Robitussin)
|
anttussive/expectorant
|
a
|
|
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Ribavarin (Virazole)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Zidovudine (AZT)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Zalcitabine (HIVID)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Didanosine (Videx)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Famiciclovir (Famvir)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Ganciclovir (Cytonvene)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Amantadine (Symmetrel)/Rimantadine (Flumadine)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Zanamivir (Relenza)
|
antivirals
|
a
|
|
Methylphidate (Ritalin)
|
Attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder med
|
a
|
|
Dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine)
|
Attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder med
|
a
|
|
Alendronate (Fosamax)
|
Bone-reabsorbtion inhibitors (Biophosphonates)
|
a
|
|
Risedronate (Actonel)
|
Bone-reabsorbtion inhibitors (Biophosphonates)
|
a
|
|
Ibandronate (Boniva)
|
Bone-reabsorbtion inhibitors (Biophosphonates)
|
a
|
|
Aminophyline (Truphylline)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Terbutaline sulfate (Brethaire)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Ipatropium bromide (Atrovent)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Albuterol (Proventil)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Salmeterol (Serevent)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Epinephrine (Adrenline, Primatene mist)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Montelukast sodium (Singulair)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Zafirlukast (Accolade)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Zileuton (Zyflo)
|
Bronchodilators/leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
|
Bronchodilators/xanthines
|
a
|
|
Cromolyn sodium (Intal)
|
Bronchodilators/xanthines
|
a
|
|
Salmeterol (Serevent)
|
Bronchodilators/xanthines
|
a
|
|
Montelukast sodium (Singulair)
|
Bronchodilators/xanthines
|
a
|
|
Acetazolamide (Diamox)
|
Carbonic anhydrase
|
a
|
|
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
|
cardiac glycosides
|
a
|
|
Sucralfate (Carafate)
|
cytoprotective agent
|
a
|
|
Hydochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
|
Thiazide diuretic
|
a
|
|
Chlorothiazide (Diuril)
|
Thiazide diuretic
|
a
|
|
Spironalactone (Aldactone)
|
poatassium sparing diuretic
|
a
|
|
Furosemide (Lasix)
|
loop diuretic
|
a
|
|
Ethacrynic acid (Edeecrin)
|
loop diuretic
|
a
|
|
Bumetamide (Bumex)
|
loop diuretic
|
a
|
|
Mannitol
|
osmotic diuretic
|
a
|
|
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton, Thalitone)
|
diuretic
|
a
|
|
Calcium carbonate (Os-CAL)
|
electrolytes and replacement solutions
|
a
|
|
Calcium chloride
|
electrolytes and replacement solutions
|
a
|
|
Magnesium Chloride (Slow Mag)
|
electrolytes and replacement solutions
|
a
|
|
Potassium chloride (K-Dur, slow-K, Micro-k)
|
electrolytes and replacement solutions
|
a
|
|
Potassium gluconate (Kaon liquid)
|
electrolytes and replacement solutions
|
a
|
|
sodium chloride
|
electrolytes and replacement solutions
|
a
|
|
ferrous sulfate (Feosol)
|
iron preparations
|
a
|
|
Iron dextran (Imferon)
|
iron preparations
|
a
|
|
Calcium
|
mineral
|
a
|
|
Vitamin D (ergocalciferol)
|
mineral
|
a
|
|
Sodium Fluoride
|
mineral
|
a
|
|
Potassium (K-Lor)
|
mineral
|
a
|
|
Methlcellulose (Tearisol)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Polyvinyl alcohol (liquifilm tears)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Tetrahydrozoline (visine, murine plus)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Timolol maleate (Timoptic)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Levobunolol (Betagan)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Proparacaine HCI (Alcaine)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Tetracaine HCI, cocaine (Pontocaine)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Gentamycin (Garamycin)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Tobramycin (Tobrex)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Prednisolone acetate (Ocu-pred)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Idoxuridine (Herplex, Stoxil)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Dipivefrin HCI (Propine)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Flurbiprofen (Ocufen)
|
eye meds
|
a
|
|
Cortisone acetate
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Prednisone (Deltrasone)
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Beclomethasone
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Betamethasone
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
|
glucocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Montelukast sodium (Singulair)
|
leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
|
leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Zileuton (Zyflo)
|
leukotriene-receptor blockers
|
a
|
|
Fludrocortisone acetate (Florinef)
|
mineralocorticoids
|
a
|
|
Deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal mesylate)
|
heavy metal antagonists
|
a
|
|
Dimercaprol (BAL in oil)
|
heavy metal antagonists
|
a
|
|
Edetate calcium disodium (EDTA) (Calcium disodium, Versenate)
|
heavy metal antagonists
|
a
|
|
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
|
immunosupressants
|
a
|
|
Cascara
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Phenolphthalein (Feen-A-Mint)
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Mineral Oil
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Docusate (Colace)
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Milk of magnesia
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Psyllium hydrophillic mucilliod (Metamucil)
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Polyethylene glycol and electrolytes (Colyte)
|
laxative and stool softeners
|
a
|
|
Pilocarpine (Isopto-Carpine, Pilocar)
|
miotic eye med (for open angle glaucoma)
|
a
|
|
Carachol (Carbacel)
|
miotic eye med (for open angle glaucoma)
|
a
|
|
Edrophonium (Tensilon)
|
musculoskeletal meds (for Myathenia gravis)
|
a
|
|
Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
|
musculoskeletal meds (for Myathenia gravis)
|
a
|
|
Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon)
|
musculoskeletal meds (for Myathenia gravis)
|
a
|
|
Alendronate sodiumm (Fosamax)
|
musculoskeletal meds (for osteoporosis, Paget's)
|
a
|
|
Glucosamine
|
musculoskeletal meds (antirheumatic)
|
a
|
|
Atropine sulfate (Isopto-Atropine)
|
mydriatic and cyclopegic eye med
|
a
|
|
Cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl)
|
mydriatic and cyclopegic eye med
|
a
|
|
Morohine Sulfate
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Codeine
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Methadone (Dolophine)
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Propoxyphene (Darvon)
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Merperidine (Demerol)
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Hydromorphine (Dilaudid)
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Oxycodone (Percodan)
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Vicodin)
|
narcotic (opioid anagesics)
|
a
|
|
Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat, Transderm-Nitro0
|
nitrates/ antianginals
|
a
|
|
Isosorbide (Isordil, Sorbitrate)
|
nitrates/ antianginals
|
a
|
|
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
|
NSAID
|
a
|
|
Indomethacin (Indocin)
|
NSAID
|
a
|
|
Naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn)
|
NSAID
|
a
|
|
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
|
NSAID
|
a
|
|
Ketorolac (Toradol)
|
NSAID
|
a
|
|
Calcitonin (Calcimar)
|
med for Paget's disease
|
a
|
|
Etidronate disodium (EHDP)
|
med for Paget's disease
|
a
|
|
Mithramycin (Mitharcin)
|
med for Paget's disease
|
a
|
|
Reteplase (Retavase)
|
thrombolytic med used to tx MI's/stroke w/in 6(?) hrs after s/s
|
a
|
|
Alteplase (Activase)
|
thrombolytic med used to tx MI's/stroke w/in 6(?) hrs after s/s
|
a
|
|
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)
|
thrombolytic med used to tx MI's/stroke w/in 6(?) hrs after s/s
|
a
|
|
Anistreplase (Eminase)
|
thrombolytic med used to tx MI's/stroke w/in 6(?) hrs after s/s
|
a
|
|
Streptokinase (Streptase SK)
|
thrombolytic med used to tx MI's/stroke w/in 6(?) hrs after s/s
|
a
|
|
Cimetide (Tagamet)
|
ulcer med- H2 antagonist
|
a
|
|
Ranitidine (Zantac)
|
ulcer med- H2 antagonist
|
a
|
|
Sucralfate (Carafate)
|
ulcer med- H2 antagonist
|
a
|
|
Famotidine (Pepcid)
|
ulcer med- H2 antagonist
|
a
|
|
Nizatidine (Axid)
|
ulcer med- H2 antagonist
|
a
|
|
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
|
ulcer med- antisecretory agent
|
a
|
|
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
|
ulcer med- antisecretory agent
|
a
|
|
Rabeprazole (AcipHex)
|
ulcer med- antisecretory agent
|
a
|
|
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
|
ulcer med- antisecretory agent
|
a
|
|
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
|
ulcer med- antisecretory agent
|
a
|
|
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
|
ulcer med- prostagladin analogs
|
a
|
|
Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
|
vitamin
|
a
|
|
Folic acid (Fovite)
|
vitamin
|
a
|
|
Ethinyl, Estradiol, Norgestrel (Ovral)
|
women health med- contraceptive
|
a
|
|
Levonorgestrel (Norplant)
|
women health med-contraceptive
|
a
|
|
Estradiol (Estrace)
|
estrogen
|
a
|
|
Estrogens conjugated (Premarin)
|
women health med-estrogen
|
a
|
|
Medroxyprogestrone acetate (Provera, Depo-Provera)
|
women health med-progestins
|
a
|
|
Terazosin (Hytrin)
|
men's health med-for prostatic hypperplasia, decrease in urinary urgency
|
a
|
|
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
|
men's health med-for prostatic hypperplasia, decrease in urinary urgency
|
a
|
|
Finasteride (Proscar)
|
men's health med-for prostatic hypperplasia, slows prostatic growth
|
a
|
|
Dutasteride (Avodart)
|
men's health med-for prostatic hypperplasia, slows prostatic growth
|
a
|
|
Sildenafil (Viagra)
|
anti-impotence agent
|
a
|
|
Vardenafil (Levitra)
|
anti-impotence agent
|
a
|
|
Tadalafil (Cialis)
|
anti-impotence agent
|
a
|
|
Saw palmetto
|
herbal urinary antiseptic tx prostatic begnin hyerplasia
|
a
|
|
Echinacea
|
used for colds, wound healing, UTI
|
a
|
|
Garlic
|
reduces cholesterol, decrease BP. (increase anticogaulants effects
|
a
|
|
Ginseng
|
increase stamina, stimulant to immune and nervous system
|
a
|
|
Evening primrose oil
|
anti-inflammatory, sedative. Used for premenstral and menopausal problems
|
a
|
|
Chondroitin
|
used for arthitis cause it’s a cartilage systhesis
|
a
|
|
Glucosamine
|
used for arthitis cause it’s a cartilage systhesis
|
a
|
|
Capsicum/Cayenne Pepper
|
anagelsia, improves blood circulation, used for arthritis, boel probs, nerve pain, PVD, used as personal defense spray
|
a
|
|
Feverfew
|
anagelsia. Used for migraines, fever and menstral probs
|
a
|
|
Flaxseed
|
laxative, anticholesterol
|
a
|
|
Ginger
|
antiemtic, antioxidant, digestive aid, and antiinflammatory
|
a
|
|
Licorice
|
soothes expectorant, antiinflammatory. Used for coughs, colds, stomach pains, ulcers
|
a
|
|
Saw plametto
|
mild diuretic, used for BPH, increasing sexual vigor, cyctitis
|
a
|
|
Chamomile
|
sedative, hypnotic, antiinflammatory. Used for stress, anxiety, GI disorders
|
a
|
|
Kava
|
sedative, anti-axiety, insomnia
|
a
|
|
Melatonin
|
hormone form pineal gland. Used for insomnia.
|
a
|
|
St.John's Wort
|
antidepressant, sedative, antimicrobial. Used for depression, sleep disorders, promotes healing
|
a
|
|
Valerian
|
sedative. Used for insommnia, restlessness, anxiety
|
a
|
|
Gingko
|
enhances cerbral and peripheral blood flow, antidepressant. Used for dementia, veritgo, depression, and sexual dysfunction
|
a
|
|
Hawthorn
|
antianginal, antiarrhythmic, vasodialotor. Used for mild HF, HTN
|
a
|
|
Eucalyptus
|
decongestant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial.
|
a
|