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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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also called soma, contains a relatively large nucleus, with a prominent nucleus.
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Cell body
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have two distinct processes--one dendritic process that branches extensively at its distal tip, and one axon--with the cell body between the two.
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Bipolar Neurons
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the dendrites and axon are continuous (fused) and the cell body lies off to one side
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Unipolar neuron
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have two more dendrites and a single axon
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Mulitpolar neurons
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long cytoplasmic process capable of propagating an electrical impulse known as an action potential
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axon
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variable of long slender, sensitive processes known as ______ extend from the cell body
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dendrites
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bundles of neurofilaments
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neurofibrils
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terminal axonal branches that end in synaptic knobs
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telodendria
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Area between adjacent neuroglia where myelin covering of an axon is incomplete
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Node of Ranvier
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insulating sheath around an axon
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myelin sheath
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toward the center
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afferent
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AWAY from the structure or organ
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efferent
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CNS neurons that are between sensory neurons and motor neurons
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interneurons
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Cells of the CNS and PNS that SUPPORT and PROTECT neurons
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Neuroglia (glial cells)
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Responsible for maintaining the blood barrier by the stimulation of endothelial cells
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astrocytes
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CNS neuroglia that maintain cellular organization within gray matter and provide a myelin sheath in areas of white matter
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oligodendrocytes
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phagocytic neuroglia in the CNS
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microglia
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layers of cells lining the ventricles and central canal of the nervous system
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ependyma
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Neuroglia responsible for the neurilemma that surrounds axons in the peripheral nervous system
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Schwann Cells
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membrane capable of generating and conducting an action potential, open or close in response to changes in transmembrane potential
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Voltage-gated channels
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also called active channels, which open and close in response to specific stimuli
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gated channels
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rapid propagation of an action potential between successive nodes and myelinated axon
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saltatory propagation
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synapse where the presynaptic membrane releases acetylcholine in stimulation
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cholinergic synapse
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a synaptic terminal that when stimulated releases norepinephrine
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adrenergic
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a chemical compound released by one neuron to affect the transmembrane potential of another
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neurotransmitter
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the spread of information from one neuron to many neurons
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divergence
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phagocytic cells in the neural tissue of the CNS are_______
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microglia
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in the CNS the neuron recieves information from other neurons at its______
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dendrites
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regulation by the nervous system provides________-
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swift, but brief responses to stimuli
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receptors that bind acetylcholine at the postsynaptic membrane are _____
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chemically gated channels
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What are the major components of the CNS
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brain and spinal cord
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What are the major components of the peripheral nervous system
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all other nerve fibers, divided between the efferent and afferent division
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transmit impulses from PNS to CNS
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sensory neurons
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transmit impulses from the CNS to peripheral effectors
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motor neurons
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analyze sensory inputs and coordinate motor outputs
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interneurons
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open and close in response to changes in the transmembrane potential
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voltage-gated channels
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open or close when they bind to a specific extracellular chemical
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chemically gated channels
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open or close in response to physical distortion of the membrane surface
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mechanically gated channels
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the primary determinant of the resting membrane potential is______
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the membrane permeability to potassium
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the ventral roots of each spinal segment_________
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control peripheral effectors, and contain the axons of somatic motor and visceral motor neurons
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spinal nerves are called mixed nerves because they___________
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contain sensory and motor fibers
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the adult spinal cord extends only to ______
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the first or second lumbar vertebra
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example of stretch reflex triggered by passive muscle movement_______
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patellar reflex
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genitofemoral, femoral, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves are major nerves of the__________________
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lumbar plexuses
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synapsing of several neurons on the same postsynaptic neuron is called___________
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convergence
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