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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
proper time
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time measured by a single clock between events that occur at the same place as the clock.
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proper length
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the length measured by someone who is at rest with respect to the distance being measured.
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rest mass
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invariant quantity which is the same for all observers at various reference points
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Young's modulus
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a measure of the stiffness of an isotropic elastic material. stress/strain
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stress
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a measure of internal forces acting within a deformable body
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strain
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the transformation of a body from a reference configuration to a current configuration
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force constant
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the ratio of the force to the deformation of a system whose deformation is proportional to the applied force.
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Bradley
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built apparatus to determine the position of stars change with time of year; the earth does not drag the ether.
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Einstein
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theory of relativity
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Fitzgerald
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2nd ether experiment following Michelson/Morley
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Lorentz
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It reflects the surprising fact that observers moving at different velocities may measure different distances, elapsed times, and even different orderings of events.
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Michelson
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experiment to determine how far ether is carried by earth
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Ritz
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the speed of light might depend on the velocity of the source
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de Sitter
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proved Ritz wrong
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Brecher
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observation of double stars using x-rays; extinction length for x-rays is ~300 light years
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Hooke's Law
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an approximation that states that the extension of a spring is in direct proportion with the load applied to it; says that strain is directly proportional to stress
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The postulates of special relativity
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The principle of relativity - the laws by which the states of physical systems undergo change are not affected, whether these changes of state be referred to the one or the other of two systems in uniform translatory motion relative to each other.
The principle of invariant light speed - light in a vacuum propagates with the speed c in at least one system of inertial coordinates regardless of the state of motion of the light source |
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Michelson-Morley experiment
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designed to detect motion of the earth through the ether. Discovered there was no ether.
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Bradley's observations of the aberration of starlight
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is an astronomical phenomenon which produces an apparent motion of celestial objects about their real locations
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de Sitter's double star observations
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found no cases where the stars' images appeared scrambled; supported relativity theory; Ritz proposed variable speed of light.
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Brecher's double star observations with x-rays
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extinction length for x-rays is ~300 light years; in theory, x-rays are more energetic than ordinary light
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simultaneity
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the concept that simultaneity-whether two events occure at the same time - is not absolute, but depends on the observer's reference frame
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Lorentz transormations
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describes how, according to the theory of special relativity, two observers' varying measurements of space and time can be converted into each other's frames of reference
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