Nremt Medication Action, Precaution, And Adverse Reaction

CLASS: Adsorbent

ACTIONS: Adsorbs a variety of drugs and chemicals (e.g. physical binding of a molecule to the surface of charcoal particles); desorption of bound particles may occur unless the ratio of charcoal to toxin is extremely high

PRECAUTIONS:

N/V

abdominal cramping,

constipation

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Transient high degree AV blocks,

chest pain,

palpitations,

and shortness of breath.

CLASS: Bronchodilator, sympathomimetic

ACTIONS: A selective beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, thereby decreasing bronchospasm.

PRECAUTIONS:

Concern should be given in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease due to the beta-2 effect Albuterol has on the heart.

Hypertension

Sensitivity to the drug

Tachycardia

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Tachycardia

Palpitations

Paradoxical bronchospasm

Exacerbation of angina

Anxiety

Hypertension

Palpitations

CLASS:

Analgesics,

antipyretics,

anti-inflammatories,

and platelet aggregation inhibitors

ACTIONS:

Aspirin blocks pain impulses in the CNS, dilates peripheral vessels, and inhibits platelet aggregation.

PRECAUTIONS:

None

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Stomach irritation

Indigestion

Nausea or vomiting

Allergic reaction

CLASS: Sympathomimetic

ACTION: Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that stimulates all the effects of the sympathetic nervous system except those affecting the arteries of the face and sweat glands; major sympathetic effects include: Positive chronotropic effect, positive inotropic effect, increased systemic vascular resistance, bronchodilation, assist in the conversion of ventricular fibrillation, and Increased cerebral blood flow in cardiac arrest.

PRECAUTIONS:

Give cautiously in patients with hypertension, tachycardia, or who are pregnant.Do not mix with Sodium Bicarbonate. This results in a deactivation of the Epinephrine.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety and headache

Increased myocardial oxygen demand

CLASS: Hyperglycemic, carbohydrate

ACTION: Distributed to the tissues providing an increase in circulating blood glucose levels.

PRECAUTIONS:

Nausea, vomiting.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Nausea, vomiting.

CLASS: Opioid antagonist, anitidote

ACTION: Narcotic antagonist reverses the central nervous system and respiratory depression effects of narcotics; reverses the cardiovascular effects to a lesser extent. Naloxone competes for narcotic receptor sites in the brain, and displaces narcotic molecules from the opiate receptors.

PRECAUTIONS:

Narcan should be administered cautiously, if at all, to patients who are known or suspected to be physically dependent on narcotics. Abrupt and complete reversal of narcotic effects by Naloxone can cause withdrawal-type effects.

Avoid opiate reversal in the prehospital setting unless there is compelling medical justification to do so. Expect vomiting and combativeness following reversal. If used, naloxone should be given very slowly and titrated to adequate respiratory drive, not to awaken the patient.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Aspiration

Hypotension / hypertension

Nausea / Vomiting

Acute narcotic withdrawal syndrome (nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, agitation, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, seizures, and cardiac arrest)

CLASS: Nitrates

ACTION:

Nitroglycerin is a rapid smooth-muscle relaxant that reduces cardiac work and, to a lesser degree, dilates the coronary arteries. This results in increased coronary blood flow and improved perfusion of the ischemic myocardium. Relief of ischemia causes reduction and alleviation of chest pain. Pain relief following nitroglycerin administration usually occurs within 1-2 minutes, and the therapeutic effects can be observed up to 30 minutes later.As a rapid-acting smooth-muscle relaxant, nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, which reduces preload. Decreased preload leads to decreased cardiac work and relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle and consequent dilation of the peripheral arteries and veins. Arteriolar relaxation reduces systemic vascular resistance and systolic arterial pressure, thereby reducing afterload, further reducing the workload of the myocardium.

PRECAUTIONS:

Volume-depleted patients may experience exaggerated hypotensive response

Excessively tachy/bradycardic patients may experience exaggerated hypotensive response

Postural hypotension

Right ventricular / Inferior Infarct

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

Headache

Nausea / Vomiting

Tachycardia

Dizziness

Palpitations

Apprehension

ACTION:

Increased concentrations of oxygen increase the saturation level in the hemoglobin in the red blood cell. This results in an increased oxygenation level at the tissue. Oxygen is required for the efficient breakdown of glucose into a usable energy form.

PRECAUTIONS:

Possible oxygen toxicity in COPD patients

Never deprive the hypoxic patient of oxygen for fear of respiratory depression

Thrombotic stroke patients with SpO2 > 94%

ADVERSE REACTIONS:

None