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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ecosystem Capital
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sum of all goods & services provided by natural & managed ecosystems, provided free of charges & essential to human-life & well-being.
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Conservation
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Manage & regulate while still using resources
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Preservation
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ensure ecosystem continuity regardless of utility (protect from use)
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Restoration
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to bring back to a former, original, biological diversity & ecological function (bring back to original state)
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Maximum Sustainable Yield
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Highest possible rate of use taht a system can match with its own rate of replacement.
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Ecosystem services
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sustain & fulfil life
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Wilderness Area
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most protected area, only 4% of land permanently protected.
Preservation not Conservation. |
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Parks & Wildlife Refuges
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Protect Important wildlife & provide public access to recreation.
Difficult to balance public access & wildlife protection. |
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Matching energy sources to uses:
Crude oil |
Transportation & industrial
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Matching energy sources:
Natural Gas |
Industrial/electric
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Matching energy sources:
Coal |
Electric
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Matching:
nuclear power |
electric
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water & wood power
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Electric (commercial & residential)
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Primary Energy
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fossil fuels, radioactive material, solar, wind, water & other energy sources that exist as natural resources subject to exploration (generate electricity)
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Secondary Energy
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source of energy (esp. electricity) depends on primary energy sources for origin.
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Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE)
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Raise fuel efficiency regulations (27.5 mpg) key to greater oil independence
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Combined Heat Technology (CHP)
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small power plant that produces electricity & heats the building with "waste" heat.
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Nuclear Fission
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Splling of atomic nuclei
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Nuclear Fusion
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Fusing of atomic nuclei
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Chain Reaction
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(nuclear reaction) each atom that fissions causes one or more atoms to fission (liberates energy)
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Renewable energy
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energy from sources that are essentially inexhaustable (wood, waste, geothermal, wind, solar thermal energy)
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Solar Radiation
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Every location on earth recieves sun light, depends on:
Weather, location, landscape, time of day, season |
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Direct Solar Energy Use
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heating of water
heating of space production of energy |
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Indirect Solar Energy Use
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hydropower
wind biomass |
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Passive Solar Heating
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building designs to capture suns' heat to provide space heating & light
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Biomass Energy
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plant material, vegetation, agricultural waste. Heating, electricity, or converted to liquid fuels
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Pollution
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contamination of air, water, soil w/ undesirable amounts of material in environment.
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Water Pollution
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any biological, chemical, physical change in water quality that has harmful effect on living organisms or make water unsuitable for desired uses.
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Point Source Pollution
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specific points of origin of pollutants (factory drains, our outlets from sewage treatment plants)
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NonPoint Source Pollution
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soucres of pollution such as general runoff of sediments, fertilizer, pesticides from farms & urban areas
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Oligotrophic Lakes
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Nutrient Poor (Deep, transparent, low density of plant life)
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Eutrophic lakes
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Nutrient Rich & Shallow
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Eutrophication
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enrichment of a lake ecosystem with chemical nutrients, typically compounds with N or Phosphourus
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Sludge
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particulate organic matter that settles out or floats to the surface of sewage water in primary treatment
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Effluent
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Liquid waste
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Municipal Sold Waste
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consists of everyday items such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps
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Source Reduction
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Reduse - consuming less & throwing away less
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Recycle
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recovery of materials that would otherwise been incinerates or in landfills
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Composting
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natural reprocessing of organic matter - provides nutrients to soil
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Integrated Waste Management
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approach to municipal solid waste that provides for several options for dealing w/ wastes, including recycling, composting, waste reduction & landfilling & incineration where unavoidable
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Troposphere
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where weather occurs
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Stratosphere
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contains ozone layer
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Thermohaline Circulation
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combo of temp. & salinity of ocean waters that causes water to circulate thru ocean
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Ozone Shield
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stratospheric ozone layer that absorbs UV radiation
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Chloroflurocarbons (CFC's)
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non-reactive, non-flammable, non-toxic, great properties of heating & cooling , reduce density of ozone layer
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Air Pollution
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particulate matter & chemical compounds that are released by humans into atmosphere & modify its composition
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Smog
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dense, visible air pollution
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Primary Pollutant
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released directly into air, such as CO2 from combustion
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Secondary Pollutant
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formed thru chemical reactions of primary pollutants
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