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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does "GALS" stand for in muscular assessment? (Inc. a description of what you ask them to do and what you're looking for) |
Gait - walk a few steps. Symetry, smoothness, turning, standing. Overview. Arms - arms behind head, squeeze test. Muscle bulk, grip, strength, finger & thumb opposition. Legs - lying down. flexion & extension, crepitus, patellar tap, feet inspection for callouses. Spine - looking for scoliosis. Touch toes, fingers on lumbar vertebrae. |
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What is crepitus? |
The scraping sound of bone against bone. It's "creepy" - creep/crep. |
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What does "FRAT" mean? |
Falls Risk Assessment Tool. |
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What does plantar flexion mean? |
Tippy toes! |
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What does protraction mean? |
Parallel to ground, jaw forward. |
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What does "gliding" mean? |
The gliding movement/appropriate lateral movement of vertebrae ^ ? still unsure of this - check lecture again |
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What does "supination" mean? |
Rotate forearm so palm is up. |
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What does "pronation" mean? |
Rotate forearm so palm is down. |
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What are the 6 types of joints? Give one example/one triggering word for each. |
1. Pivot = bobblehead. 2. Hinge = elbow & knee. 3. Saddle = your thumb. 4. Gliding = between your tarsals. 5. Condyloid - wrist. 6. Ball & socket = hip & shoulder. |
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What is dorsiflexion? |
Trying to point your toes up to your shins. |
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What is the axial skeleton? |
The part of the skeleton concerned with the limbs. |
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What is the appendicular skeleton? |
The trunk portion of the skeleton |
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What does cartilage do? |
Cover the ends of opposing bones |
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What do tendons do? |
Connect muscle to bone |
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What do ligaments do? |
Connect bone to bone at the joint level |
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What is eversion? |
Turning of the foot outward |
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What are some things you may notice in the older population when it comes to a musculoskeletal assessment? (5) |
1. Decrease in bone density - increase in osteoporosis 2. Decrease in overall body mass 3. Muscle atrophy 4. Deterioration of articulating cartilage 5. Thoracic kyphosis |
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What are the most common musculoskeletal complaints? (5) |
1. Pain 2. Limited mobility 3. Weakness 4. Stiffness 5. Deformity |
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What are (6) health promotion activities that can be mentioned during a musculoskeletal assessment/discussion ? |
1. Sleep 2. Diet 3. Exercise 4. Use of safety devices 5. Health check-ups 6. Home safety |
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What are (5) ways to promote health safety within the home, when it comes to musculoskeletal issues? |
1. Reduce clutter + throw rugs 2. Properly fitted shoes with grip 3. Make phones available throughout the home 4. Avoid dim lighting 5. Make sure stairs have railings |
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What equipment might you need for a musculoskeletal physical exam? (3) |
1. Cloth tape measure 2. Goniometer 3. Hand hygiene |
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How are physical assessments for musculoskeletal systems usually approached? |
From head to toe, avoiding excessive manipulation of any injured or painful areas |
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What are the (3) most important things when you perform your initial inspection/overall assessment? |
1. Gait 2. Posture (weight-bearing and transfer ability) 3. Mobility |
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What is a normal finding when using the measuring tape? |
Bilateral measurements within 1-3 cm of each other. |
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What does the goniometer actually measure? |
Range of motion |
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How is muscle strength graded during palpation? Explain the best and words. |
From 5 to 0. 5 = full motion against gravity and manual resistance 0 = No visible or palpable contraction |
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What are (4) examples of assistive devices? |
1. Crutches 2. Walking stick 3. Walker 4. Brace, cast, immobilising device |
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What does "FRAT" take into consideration? (6) |
1. Age 2. Use of mobility aids 3. Incontinence 4. Mental status 5. Medications 6. Sensory deficits |
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What is periarticular tissue? |
Tissue around the joint. |
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What is spasticity? |
Continual contracting muscle. Uncontrolled. |
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What is hypotonicity? |
Flaccidity |
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If you have an injured right leg, what side do you hold your walking aid? |
Left |
