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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
double-helical molecule that carries the hereditary information of the cell |
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messenger RNA (mRNA) |
RNA that carries information from DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
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nucleic acid |
biological macromolecule that carries the genetic blueprint of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell |
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nucleotide |
monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base |
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phosphodiester |
linkage covalent chemical bond that holds together the polynucleotide chains with a phosphate group linking two pentose sugars of neighboring nucleotides |
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polynucleotide |
long chain of nucleotides |
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purine |
type of nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA; adenine and guanine are purines |
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pyrimidine |
type of nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA; cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines |
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ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
single-stranded, often internally base paired, molecule that is involved in protein synthesis |
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ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
RNA that ensures the proper alignment of the mRNA and the ribosomes during protein synthesis and catalyzes the formation of the peptide linkage |
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transcription |
process through which messenger RNA forms on a template of DNA |
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transfer RNA (tRNA) |
RNA that carries activated amino acids to the site of protein synthesis on the ribosome |
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translation |
process through which RNA directs the formation of protein |